Sunday, August 2, 2026

Friday, August 2, 1776. The Declaration of Independence signed.


Most delegates to the Second Continental Congress formally signed the Declaration of Independence.

Yes, it had already been approved a month prior.

Oddly enough, that was not widely known at the time.  In fact, the common belief at the time was that it had been signed on July 4.  The story behind that was actually somewhat obscured intentionally.

New York had abstained on July 4, so only the delegates of 12 out of the 14 (there were 14 British colonies in North America, not 13) signed it.  Of the 13 with representation in the Continental Congress, Quebec was not represented as it had chosen not to participate, New York abstained.  New York's delegates were granted permission from their convention to agree to the Declaration on July 9.  T hat news reached Congress on July 15.  The Secret Journals entry for July 19 reads:

Resolved That the Declaration passed on the 4th be fairly engrossed on parchment with the title and stile of "The unanimous declaration of the thirteen united states of America" & that the same when engrossed be signed by every member of Congress."

Hmmm. . . 

On August 2, those journals read:

The declaration of Independence being engrossed & compared at the table was signed by the Members.

The signers were:

 President of Congress

1. John Hancock (Massachusetts Bay)


New Hampshire

2. Josiah Bartlett

3. William Whipple

4. Matthew Thornton

Massachusetts Bay


5. Samuel Adams

6. John Adams

7. Robert Treat Paine

8. Elbridge Gerry

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations


9. Stephen Hopkins

10. William Ellery

Connecticut


11. Roger Sherman

12. Samuel Huntington

13. William Williams

14. Oliver Wolcott

New York


15. William Floyd

16. Philip Livingston

17. Francis Lewis

18. Lewis Morris

New Jersey


19. Richard Stockton

20. John Witherspoon

21. Francis Hopkinson

22. John Hart

23. Abraham Clark

Pennsylvania


24. Robert Morris

25. Benjamin Rush

26. Benjamin Franklin

27. John Morton

28. George Clymer

29. James Smith

30. George Taylor

31. James Wilson

32. George Ross

Delaware


33. Caesar Rodney

34. George Read

35. Thomas McKean

Maryland


36. Samuel Chase

37. William Paca

38. Thomas Stone

39. Charles Carroll of Carrollton

Virginia


40. George Wythe

41. Richard Henry Lee

42. Thomas Jefferson

43. Benjamin Harrison

44. Thomas Nelson, Jr.

45. Francis Lightfoot Lee

46. Carter Braxton

North Carolina


47. William Hooper

48. Joseph Hewes

49. John Penn

South Carolina


50. Edward Rutledge

51. Thomas Heyward, Jr.

52. Thomas Lynch, Jr.

53. Arthur Middleton

Georgia


54. Button Gwinnett

55. Lyman Hall

56. George Walton

Last edition:

Friday, July 12, 1776. One Country (absent that problematic Quebec).

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