Philippine General Tomás Mascardo and his forces surrendered to American forces on the island of Luzon.
Last edition:
Showing posts with label 1901. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1901. Show all posts
Friday, May 15, 2026
Thursday, May 14, 2026
Tuesday, May 14, 1901. El petróleo
Oil was discovered in the El Ebano oil field, making Mexico an oil producing nation.
By Max Roser - Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/oil-production-by-country?tab=map&country=, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=115305765
Mexico is the eleventh largest oil producer in the world. The country sensibly nationalized its petroleum industry starting in 1917, although the process took about twenty years to complete.
Józef Piłsudski escaped Russian imprisonment after fifteen months of captivity.
Thomas Armat was granted a patent for the Vitascope cinema film projector.
Last edition:
Saturday, May 11, 1901. "Notes on Negro Music".
Labels: 1900s, 1901, Great Migration, Mississippi, Music, Panic of 1901, The Blues, The written word
Monday, May 11, 2026
Saturday, May 11, 1901. "Notes on Negro Music".
Professor Charles Peabody of Harvard University, an archeologist, made observations regarding the Delta Blues while in Coahoma County, Mississippi, to oversee the excavation of a Choctaw burial mound. The black crew hired to do the war sang in the style and he published his observations under the title "Notes on Negro Music" in the Journal of American Folklore.
Peabody had been captivated by the music.
This was an interesting time in musicology in regard to the Blues, and perhaps to other music styles as well. The blues had undoubtedly been around for a very long time, but this reflected the first effort to really describe the music, which was just about to cross into northern cities in the next decade when the Great Migration began.
The Panic of 1901 had concluded.
Last edition:
Thursday, May 9, 1901. Blue Thursday.
Saturday, May 9, 2026
Thursday, May 9, 1901. Blue Thursday.
Blue Thursday saw massive panic in stock markets.
The first Parliament of Australia opened.
Lizzie van Zyl whose emaciated body would become the symbol of British concentration camp atrocities, died at age seven
Last edition:
Tuesday, May 7, 1901. Gary Cooper born.
Thursday, May 7, 2026
Tuesday, May 7, 1901. Gary Cooper born.
Gary Cooper was born in Helena, Montana. His English born father was a lawyer, rancher, and would become a Montana Supreme Court justice.
Cooper was well educated, and his early education was in the United Kingdom. He was a member of the Church of England growing up but converted to Catholicism, having been introduced to it by his daughter and then estranged wife, two years prior to his death. He died in 1961.
Allis-Chalmers was incorporated.
German troops defeated Chinese cavalry in a battle at Kalgan (now Zhangjiakou) in the Hebei Province of China.
Last edition:
Monday, May 6, 1901. 15,000 dead.
Wednesday, May 6, 2026
Monday, May 6, 1901. 15,000 dead.
The British Ministry of War announced that 14,264 enlisted men and 714 officers had died, to date, in the Boer War.
The first issue of Gorkhapatra, Nepal's oldest still publishing newspaper, was issued.
The House of Commons of the United Kingdom voted 333 to 227 to approve a tax on the sale of coal, still then a major source of power, heat, and coke, in the United Kingdom.
Last edition:
Saturday, May 4, 1901. The Caste War of Yucatán ends.
Monday, May 4, 2026
Saturday, May 4, 1901. The Caste War of Yucatán ends.
The Caste War of Yucatán came to an end with General Ignacio Bravo marching his troops into the Mayan capital at Noh Cah Balam (Chan Santa Cruz).
The war had been running since 1847.
Italy rejected a request from the Ottoman Empire to help prevent the settlement of foreign Jews in Palestine.
It was a Saturday. Some interesting items.
A lot of people in the Middle East may be asking the same question Judge did, in light of the U.S. war on Iran which has been clothed in some circles with Protestant millenialism.
While there probably are some merits to not starting out too near the top, it seems an older generation is always willing to suggest the youngest one needs to start at the bottom.
Last edition:
Friday, May 3, 1901. The Panic of 1901.
Sunday, May 3, 2026
Friday, May 3, 1901. The Panic of 1901.
The Panic of 1901 started with a stock market crash, the first in U.S. history.
148 city blocks in Jacksonville, Florida were destroyed by fire.
Last edition:
Wednesday, April 24, 1901. First American League game as a major league.
Labels: 1900s, 1901, baseball
Friday, April 24, 2026
Wednesday, April 24, 1901. First American League game as a major league.
The American League opened its major league inaugural season with the Chicago White Sox playing the Cleveland Blues. Three additional games scheduled for the 24th were postponed on account of rain.
The White Sox had been a minor league team in the American League the year prior and had won the league's championship.
Related threads:
Saturday. April 22, 1876. The first National League baseball game.
Last edition:
Friday, April 19, 1901. Aguinaldo appeals for peace.
Sunday, April 19, 2026
Friday, April 19, 1901. Aguinaldo appeals for peace.
Emilio Aguinaldo issued a manifesto asking for his followers to stand down and accept the U.S. administration of the Philippines.
Last edition:
Thursday, April 18, 1901. Winding down in the Philippines, start of the Dead Ball Era.
Labels: 1900s, 1901, baseball, China, Dead Ball Era, Elihu Root, France, It was because of the Spanish American War, Philippine Insurrection, Portugal, Qing Dynasty, William McKinley, Women's Organizations
Tuesday, March 2, 2021
So, circling back to our focus, timewise, in 1916, when troops were being called up and deployed for the Punitive Expedition (was Lex Anteinternet: The Military and Alcohol. U.S. Army Beer 1943-1946). . .
what was the situation?
The law of the Officer's Club at Ft. Meyer, VA, being mowed by a mule drawn lawn mower. This photo dates from early in the 20th Century at which time Congress had technically made the sale of alcohol illegal on Army bases, but at which point the Army chose to define beer and wine as not being excluded.
This follows from this post here:
Lex Anteinternet: The Military and Alcohol. U.S. Army Beer 1943-1946: Patrons of a bar and grill in Washington D.C. in 1943. The man on the left is drinking a glass of beer, and it appears the woman is as well...
Let me explain.
In 1982 when I was stationed as a recruit at Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, there came a time when us boots could go to the 1-2-3 Club, a sort of combination cheap fast food/beer/high school hangout, type club. It wasn't great, but if you had nowhere else to go, and we had nowhere else to go, it was okay*.
The 1-2-3 Club had 3.2% beer, which I guess actually no longer is brewed by anyone, save perhaps by Guinness, as draft Guinness is only 3%. Nobody brews it in the context of its earlier days, in which it was brewed in order to comply with certain laws. It's history goes back to 1933 as Prohibition was being repealed. Prohibition never completely dried up the supply of legal alcohol, contrary to what people imagine it did. Alcohol remained legal for "medicinal" purposes and extremely low alcohol beer, i.e., "Near Beer" was legal. In 1933, prior to Prohibition being officially repealed, the legal alcohol limit for beer was increased up to 3.2%.
Following the end of Prohibition, some states restricted beer sales based on the 3.2% amount, and Oklahoma was one of them. Generally, if you were below a certain age you could buy 3.2%. You couldn't buy beer with a higher alcohol content than that. This was, of course before "Light Beer", which generally has around 4% ABV. Coors, which is pretty light to start with, introduced Light Beer prior to World War Two, far earlier than many people might suppose, and relaunched it in 1978. Millers Lite actually came out in 1967, prior to the Coors relaunch, but as Gablingers Diet Beer, a market name doomed to failure. The recipe was later sold to Millers.
I never really did grasp why Coors would market light beer. Coors is pretty light to start with and there were already all those 3.2% beers around. Oh well, my view obviously isn't the clever marketing one, as light beers became a pretty big deal.
Anyhow, in 1982 you could buy 3.2% beer at the 1-2-3 Club on Ft. Sill, or 3.2% beer downtown in Lawton, Oklahoma. Obviously, Ft. Sill also had a NCO Club, or clubs, and an Officer's Club, or clubs.
Camp Guernsey had a NCO Club and an Officers Club as well. Camp Humphreys, Korea had them as well and I had a nice bulgogi there for lunch while there.
I guess this is somewhat of a thing of the past now, to my surprise. The Army has completely done away with Officers Clubs and now there are unitized clubs. Privates can go to the same club that officers can, although 1-2-3 Clubs remain. Without knowing for sure, I suspect that not only is the culture of such clubs now radically different, but probably a lot of more senior officers and NCOs rarely show up at the club. This is part of the current culture in which we do not wish to recognize any differences at all in the social status of anyone, but frankly, I think this likely a mistake, although one reflecting the current military culture. The current military is small compared to the giant Cold War Army that followed the giant World War Two Army, and its much more selective than its been at any prior point in history. There are certainly problems in the current U.S. military, to be sure, but one current feature of it is that the up and out and selective nature of it means that the guys were sort of fit the definition of a "working man" that were sung about by Tennessee Ernie Ford aren't really in the service anymore. That may have some negative aspects to it as well, but its a fact. Anyhow, given the current make up of the currently fairly small army, the traditional separation in all things between enlisted men and officers has been much reduced and the clubs are gone.
So what was the situation in 1916?
Starting in 1890, about the time that the temperance movement was really gaining cultural steam, the Army banned the sale of hard alcohol at military posts that were located in areas that had Prohibition. So, for example, if you were stationed in a county that was dry, the Army post was as well, sort of. The Army barred the sale only of hard alcohol, so beer and wine was still sold and you could still consume them at the post canteen.
In 1901, however, Congress entered the picture with the Canteen Act of 1901 which prohibited the sale of any intoxicating beverage including beer and wine. This was pretty clearly intended to make all alcoholic beverages a thing of the past on post, but in practice the Army simply chose to define "intoxicating" beverages to mean those having a pretty stout alcohol content. So, once again, no Kentucky bourbon on post, but beer was probably okay.
This continued to be the practice up until May 18, 1917, when the Selective Service Act stretched the military prohibition beyond the base to include a five mile alcohol exclusion zone and, moreover, it was made a crime to sell alcohol to a uniformed soldier anywhere. Congress, recalling the end run the Army did with the 1901 act, defined "intoxicating" to be anything containing 1.4% alcohol or more, a very low threshold.
To complete the story, when Prohibition ended the 1901 statute remained in effect and the Army, at this point, continued to enforce the 1.4% limit. Halfway through the Second World War, however, the Army changed this allowed 3.2%, the figure that had been created earlier when Prohibition was lifted. This standard remained in place until 1953 when a legal ruling determined that the entire Canteen Act of 1901 had been repealed by the 1951 amendments to the Universal Military Training and Selective Service Act.
So, going back to our query about 1916, in 1916 a soldier stationed almost anywhere in the U.S. was probably able to buy beer at the post canteen. Beyond the post fence, there would have undoubtedly been saloons catering to soldiers that sold everything. The scene of a night of leave in 1941 Honolulu depicted in From Here To Eternity in that regard was likely pretty accurate on occasion. And at that point, in some of the US, the "saloon trade" was unrestricted. Having said that, in some locations Prohibition had already come in.
Footnotes
*There were other places to go, to be sure. Ft. Sill had a swimming pool open to privates, but I never went there. The one time I had on base free time when we could have gone, I had a horrible case of progressing pneumonia and no interest in going to a pool.
I did once go to the library, as odd as that may seem, simply because I was sort of tired of the intellectual quality of my stay at Ft. Sill and because I hoped it to be quiet. It was quiet, and very nice. I looked like a fish out of water there, however, and I simultaneously froze and fell asleep there. The freezing due to my having acclimated to the 100F+ Oklahoma summers and the sleep due to simply being exhausted.
Wednesday, April 18, 2001
Thursday, April 18, 1901. Winding down in the Philippines, start of the Dead Ball Era.
Secretary of War Elihu Root ordered the withdrawal of 40,000 troops and from the Philippines in light of the decline in fighting there. On the same day, President McKinley ordered that no further recruitments for overseas service be made.
Portugal secularized religious institutions in that country, but allowed them to remain occupied by their former owners if they were engaged in Christian work and activities.
The National Council of French Women was formed, uniting various French women's organizations.
The German occupied Beijing place of Empress Dowager Cixi caught on fire and burned down. A senior German officer died when he went back in the building to attempt to rescue his dog.
The 1901 Major League Baseball series opened. This commenced the "Dead Ball Era".
Last edition:
Monday, April 15, 1901. Colonel Maximo Abad surrendered to the US forces in the Philippines.
Sunday, April 15, 2001
Monday, April 15, 1901. Colonel Maximo Abad surrendered to the US forces in the Philippines.
Colonel Maximo Abad surrendered to the US forces in the Philippines.
Last edition:
Friday, April 12, 1901. Cutting indemnification by China in half.
Thursday, April 12, 2001
Friday, April 12, 1901. Cutting indemnification by China in half.
The United States proposed that Chinese indemnification for the Boxer Rebellion be cut in half.
Last edition;
Tuesday, April 9, 1901. Navy base in Mexico.
Labels: 1900s, 1901, Art, Baja California, Bison, Coal, Currency, Mexican War, Mexico, Mexico (Pichilinque), pornography, Sex, U.S. Navy, Women
Monday, April 9, 2001
Tuesday, April 9, 1901. Navy base in Mexico.
The U.S. Navy established its first foreign base, a coaling station at Pichilinque, Mexico, on Baja California.
The location has previously been used by the Navy during the Mexican War. Baja was otherwise unoccupied by the US during the war, interestingly enough, giving a view of the 19th Century mindset.
The US changed the design for paper currency, introducing a ten dollar bill with a spectacular engraving of a Bison and also featuring Lewis and Clark flanked by two young women with see through blouses.
Erotic and semi erotic engravings of women were common on currency and seals at the time. It's hard to know now why this was the case, but it was. Indeed, it created an early controversy in Wyoming over the state seal as an early governor backed a seal with an excessively erotic topless woman over the opposition of the legislature.
Last edition:
Thursday, April 4, 1901. Zulus in action.
Wednesday, April 4, 2001
Thursday, April 4, 1901. Zulus in action.
Mankulumana, chief adviser to Dinuzulu, king of the Zulu nation, led newly armed Zulu troops to assist the British Army against the Boers in the Vryheid district of the South African Republic.
Last edition:
Tuesday, April 2, 1901. News Carver meets his end.
Labels: 1900, 1901, Bitter Enders, Boer Armies, Boer War, law, Personalities, South Africa, Texas, Texas (Sonora), The Wild Bunch
Monday, April 2, 2001
Tuesday, April 2, 1901. News Carver meets his end.
The United Kingdom extended the military court system over Boer guerillas.
The British were turning increasingly desperate, and harsh, in their effort to put down the ongoing resistance of Boer Bitter Enders.
William Carver of the Wild Bunch was killed in Jack Owens' Bakery in Sonora, Texas, by Sheriff E. S. "Lige" Briant and his deputies while attempting to effect an arrest for suspicion of murder.
Carver was one of the individuals in the famous Fort Worth portrait from 1900 and went by the nickname "News".
Last edition:
Monday, April 1, 1901. Aguinaldo consents.
Labels: 1900, 1901, British Empire, Cuba, Emilio Aguinaldo, Holy Monday, Labor unrest, Lent, Leonard Wood, Nigeria, Philippine Insurrection, Philippines, Prisoners of War, Scotland, Slavery
Sunday, April 1, 2001
Monday, April 1, 1901. Aguinaldo consents.
Emilio Aguinaldo, Prisoner of War and formerly the president of the Philippine Republic, signed an oath of allegiance to the United States.
General Leonard Wood, the American military governor of Cuba, refused to certify the selection of Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso as the Mayor of Havana in spite of his having been chosen by the city council in a 12–10 vote.
Scottish laborers walked off the job seeking an eight hour day.
British Governor of Northern Nigeria Sir Frederick Lugard outlawed the future purchase or sale of slaves, the return of a runaway slave to his master.
Currently enslaved people and concubines were not freed and could continue to be sold.
It was Holy Monday on the new calendar.
Last edition:
Saturday, March 30, 1901. Boer captures.
Friday, March 30, 2001
Saturday, March 30, 1901. Boer captures.
The Saturday Evening Post anticipated Easter.
The British Army captured Boer Commandant Joachim Prinsloo at Standarton. Boer Commandant Engelbrecht surrendered in South Africa.
Last edition:
Labels: 1900s, 1901, Boer War, Morocco, Personalities, Philippine Insurrection, U.S. Navy, Zulu people
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