The first known indoor hockey match took place at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec.
The Page Act, which we already discussed, keeping out Chinese women on dubious grounds, went into effect.
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A 6.2 struck Quebec with an epicenter in the St. Lawrence River near La Malbaie. It caused damage in the areas of Charlevoix and Kamouraska, but no major casualties.
The Great Snowstorm of 1944 set in, impacting northeastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, upstate New York, southern Ontario and southern Quebec.
The British 8th Army crossed the Lamone.
The Soviets heavily bombard Budapest.
The US 7th Army entered Haguenau. The Germans unsuccessfully attacked 3d Army bridgeheads over the Saar.
The Germans completed the murder of the inmates of the Hartheim Euthanasia Centre.
British reinforcements reach Athens to combat some 25,000 ELAS troops.
The USS Reid was sunk off of Leyte by a kamikaze.
Kia (기아), then Kyungsung Precision Industry (京城精密工業), was founded in Seoul, which of course was occupied as part of the Japanese Empire.
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Quebec nationalist René Chaloult stated that Quebec should secede from Canada if the province was not allowed to decide its own policies on conscription. Oddly enough, the Terrace Mutiny ended the same day.
The liberation of Albania was completed by Albanian partisans.
US forces successfully counterattack at Kilay Ridge on Leyte.
The USS Archerfish sank the carrier Shinano in waters off Honshu.
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The first Continental Congress convened at Carpenters Hall in Philadelphia. Twelve of the Fourteen (not thirteen) colonies sent delegates. Georgia, which was fearful of war with native tribes, did not participate as it hoped for British assistance in the impending war with those earlier denizens. Quebec had no interest in participating.
Peyton Randolph of Virginia was named President of the First Continental Congress.
Randolph. . . not Washington.
Randolph, not Washington, was the first President of the United States by some measures (and Washington is not the first President under any properly considered measure). He was an American born lawyer who had studied law at the Middle Temple at the Inns of Court in London, becoming a member of the bar in 1743, showing just how unlike the current populist "don't tread on me" crowd these men were.
He died of some sort of seizure in 1775 while dining with Thomas Jefferson. He was 54 years of age.
Signatory page of the three-page Continental Association signed by 53 of the 56 delegates
The Quebec Act, regarding by the thirteen British colonies to the south of Quebec as one of the Intolerable Acts, gained royal assent.
A rational and tolerant piece of legislation, it provided for greater accommodation of Catholicism and French law in Quebec and set its borders to include virtually all the trans-Appalachian West down to the Ohio River.
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To hell with the government, you... New Dealer!
Ireland, somewhat like Canada some years ago, is in its bratty teenager years and as part of that it likes to go behind the bleachers, smoke cigarettes, make out, and complain about its parents. In the case of Ireland, the parents are its former English overlords and the Catholic Church. In the case of Canada, it's its deeply conservative English and French heritage, the latter of which is deeply Catholic and which doesn't exist without it, and the former of which was deeply Anglican.
Hence, in the case of Ireland, this:
I have no doubt the referendum will pass, and in the case of the “life within the home" language in regard to women, it ought to, in my view. And frankly, the DeValera constitution's lashing Ireland to the Church was a mistake in the first place, one which the Church tried to prevent.
The thing is, however, that the modern world to which the Irish now aspire is frankly bloody and barbaric. It's made people weird, and unhappy. The Irish constitution notwithstanding, the strong connection to the existential that the Irish had, and to a large degree still do, made Ireland one of the very few democratic nations that was able to remain grounded and not teeter between the radical left and right. The US, which has a different heritage, was able to as well, but that's now floundering badly. Ireland, from the outside, isn't doing well either, and is starting to have the appearance as all bratty teenagers do who try to keep that status too long, as looking worn and tired.
I hate to pick too much on Canada, which has the massive misfortune of living next to the US right now. As I said the other day on Twitter, living in Canada right now must be like living in an upstairs apartment where the downstairs neighbors are having a large drug and alcohol fueled argument at a family reunion, and their couch is on fire. Indeed, Canada seems to have passed through its bratty stage, which arrived with Trudeau I, and which may be argued to have ended during the COVID pandemic. Right now, rather than poking its heritage in the eye, it seems to be taking on the role of the worried 30-year-old who has been saddled with caring for its clearly senile and always somewhat combative uncle, Uncle Sam.
Je me souviens.
Voters in Quebec voted for the Quebec Liberal Party and therefore for remaining in the Canadian union.
Les électeurs du Québec ont voté pour le Parti libéral du Québec et donc pour rester dans l'union canadienne.
En effet, pourquoi quitteriez-vous le pays que vous avez fondé ?
The Uruguayan military government closed the Universidad de la República Uruguay in Montevideo due to Marxist agitation.
A three-day race riot that would result in the deaths of 34 people broke out in Detroit, starting at the Belle Island park as a fistfight.
Race riots were a feature of Detroit life for many years. The city had been a major destination during the Great Migration, given its industrial employment opportunities.
The Allies commenced the New Georgia Campaign against the Japanese. The first action was a Marine Corps landing on the Kula Gulf on New Georgia.
The Battle of Lababia Ridge began on New Guinea, with Australians advancing on Japanese positions. The battle would last for three days and result in an Australian victory.
Sarah Sundin noted that Oscar Holmes became the first black pilot in the U.S. Navy on this day, but only because the Navy was not aware that the light skinned Holmes was in fact black.
This is, I admit, inspired by some Twitter outrage about an outrageous comment by a Congressman who is not a serious person. I'm not going to engage in that topic, as people who are not serious people, do not deserve to be taken seriously.
Rather, I started to wonder how many people, say before 1950, and then again before 1900, grew up in a household where at least one of their parents was not their "natural born parent".
I know of nobody in my family, but I'll bet it's incredibly common. And for that matter, as my mother came from Quebec, chances are really high that part of our ancestry stems from orphans on the Coffin Ships. No formal adoption of such orphans was ever done. It wasn't even really possible. The Parish Priest just told the Québécois Parishioners that ships were coming in from Ireland, and there would be orphans on them, as their parents would have died crossing the Atlantic. They just went down to the docks and took them home, raising them as their own. They were French, the children were Irish, but more than anything, they were all Catholic. Their parentage would not have been kept secret from them, probably, but over time, with French surnames, Irish ones forgotten, nobody would have remembered.
Indeed, while I have some French ancestry, my DNA tracks back nearly 100% to Ireland, even though I know that I have German and French ancestors.
Chances are high . . .
Industrial History: 1929 Jacques Cartier Bridge over St. Lawrence Rive...: ( Historic Bridges ; 3D Satellite , 3,445 photos) Pont Jacques-Cartier, Pont du Havre (Harbor Bridge) Street View , Aug 2022 Street View , J...
Crossing over this bridge frightened me as a child.
Louis-Alexandre Taschereau retained his position as Premier of Quebec, as he would all the way through 1936.
Taschereau was a member of the Liberal Party (Parti libéral du Québec) and had been elected in 1920 as the Canadian economy started to sink, in advance, into the Great Depression. He was an opponent of Roosevelt's new Deal, comparing it to fascism and communism, and instead encouraged private enterprise to develop Quebec's forest and hydroelectric potential. As he did so, his policies challenged Québécois agrarianism, which would begin to lead to its end.
And therefore, I am not a fan.
That may sound silly, but agrarianism is what allowed the Québécois to remain that. Their agrarian separation and close association with the Catholic Church is what allowed them to remain a people for two centuries of "English" domination.
Taschereau was not a disloyal Francophone or Catholic, but by attacking the agrarian nature of Québécois society he was by default attacking its essence in favor of money. Ultimately that attack would succeed, leading to the downfall of Québécois agrarianism and ultimately to the undercutting of the culture itself. It remains, of course, but badly damaged by the experience.
BLEU, the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union, was created.
The Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec in Quebec City, originally built in 1647, was heavily damages in an early morning fire.
Stars and Stripes, which had its birth as an Army newspaper during World War One, was reborn.
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Phase Four of the Second Battle of El Alamein, Operation Supercharge, commenced. Rommel, back in command of the Afrika Korps, cabeled Hitler, stating:
The army's strength was so exhausted after its ten days of battle that it was not now capable of offering any effective opposition to the enemy's next break-through attempt ... With our great shortage of vehicles an orderly withdrawal of the non-motorised forces appeared impossible ... In these circumstances we had to reckon, at the least, with the gradual destruction of the army.
Hitler replied:
It is with trusting confidence in your leadership and the courage of the German-Italian troops under your command that the German people and I are following the heroic struggle in Egypt. In the situation which you find yourself there can be no other thought but to stand fast, yield not a yard of ground and throw every gun and every man into the battle. Considerable air force reinforcements are being sent to C.-in-C South. The Duce and the Comando Supremo are also making the utmost efforts to send you the means to continue the fight. Your enemy, despite his superiority, must also be at the end of his strength. It would not be the first time in history that a strong will has triumphed over the bigger battalions. As to your troops, you can show them no other road than that to victory or death. Adolf Hitler.
The Australians captured Kokoda.
The BBC began French language broadcasts to Quebec.
From a recent Benzinga news story:
What Happened: North Dakota Attorney General Drew Wrigley shot off a letter to the Gates-linked Red River Trust this week, reported KFYR, Bismarck, North Dakota-based T.V. station.
Wrigley asked the company how they intend to use the land and if they meet exceptions to the state’s corporate farming laws.
"All corporations or limited liability companies (LLC) are prohibited from owning or leasing farmland or ranchland and from engaging in farming or ranching," the letter states, as per the report.
"In addition, the law places certain limitations on the ability of trusts to own farmland or ranchland."
The company has 30 days to respond to the letter dated June 21. Public reaction to the Red River purchase has not been positive, reported KFYR.
North Dakota is practically right next door. They're prohibiting corporate ownership of ag land, in the interest of protecting local farmers and ranchers.
Iowa requires ag land to be owned by people actually farming it.
So does Quebec.
I'm not saying that no corporate ownership must be the rule, as there are corporations made up of farming and ranching interests. But remote, disant, investment, ownership with no local ties. . . ?
Related threads:
In the Aleutians, a PBY pilot spotted a nearly intact Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero on Akutan Island. The aircraft would be recovered and rebuilt, with lessons learned from that instrumental in learning how to take on the advanced Japanese fighter.
The discovery was due to the crew of the PBY having becoming lost and having to reorient themselves before flying back to their base at Dutch Harbor. The route took them over the downed aircraft.
The island had been evacuated, with its mostly native population having been removed the month prior. They would not return until 1944, although many chose to go back to the island.
The discovery was a major loss to the Japanese.
The A-26 Invader flew for the first time.
The twin-engined attack aircraft would remain in service until the late 1960s.
British forces launched an offensive on Italian forces outside of El Alamein, gaining ground. By "British" we mean Commonwealth, as in this case the advancing troops were South African and Australian. The battle at El Alamein was from a British prospective an international affair.
Two more ships of the harried convoy PQ 17 are sunk, this time by U boats.
Bombardier, the Canadian manufacture of snow machines (and jet aircraft), was founded. The company, named for its founder, came about due to a tragedy when Jospeh-Armand Bombardier's two-year-old son was not able to reach the hospital due to snow blocked roads, and died of appendicitis. This inspired Bombardier, who had made snow machines as a hobby before, to start making heavy snow machines commercially.
The Orson Wells directed tragedy, The Magnificent Ambersons, was released.
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It followed the lives of a native family in far northern Quebec.
On this day in 1942 the Germans commenced the "Channel Dash" in an effort to run two battleships from the port of Brest to their home ports in Germany. The battleships were the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, accompanied by the cruiser Prinz Eugen. They'd been enduring bombing by the RAF in Brest.
The German effort commenced under the cover of night on February 11 and with radio jamming which precluded British agents from radioing about the ship's departure. It was covered by the Luftwaffe, so the ensuing battle was an air and sea battle.
Both sides sustained damage and casualties in the effort, but the German objective was successful. Given that the Germans did in fact run the channel, albeit partially at night, it was a bit of an embarrassment to the British.
According to Sarah Sundin's blog, there were riots in Montreal over conscription plans on this date.
I'm not aware of the 1942 riots, although I am of 1944 riots. At any rate, conscription had been in place since 1940, but at that time conscripted troops could not be required to serve overseas unless they so volunteered, resulting in an enduring Canadian controversy. Troops who would not volunteer were termed "zombies" by those who resented it. Resistance to conscription was particularly strong in Quebec, where Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis had called a snap election in 1939 to oppose the war only to lose his seat to Adelard Godbout, who had the support of the Federal government in the election.
French Canadian resistance to conscription has been an ongoing matter of controversy in Canada. Simply put, the Québécois were largely disinterested in the war, although 20% of those who volunteered to fight overseas were in fact Québécois. This makes for a complicated legacy in obvious ways.
US forces arrived to help defend the Dutch islands of Curacoa, Bonaire and Aruba with permission of the Dutch government in exile.
Also, according to Sundin, the US took over Dupont's supply of nylon, a critical war material used for a variety of things, including parachutes.
The documentary Our Russian Front was released on this date in 1942.
