Holy Saturday, April 3, 1926

Last edition:

Friday, April 2, 1926. "Fianna Fáil"

Labels: 1920s, 1926, California (Los Angeles), Calvin Coolidge, Eamon de Valera, Fianna Fáil, Ireland, Irish Free State, League of Nations

Friday, April 2, 1926. "Fianna Fáil"

Eamon de Valera proposed the name "Fianna Fáil" for his new political party which was scheduled to organize on May 16. "Fianna" (soldiers) and the Lia Fáil, the coronation stone for the ancient kings of Ireland, formed the basis of the name.

The hard to characterize republican party is still around.  It's political positions have shifted a great degree over the past century and indeed the ability to do so is a self acknowledged feature of the party.

Watts residents voted to become part of Los Angeles.

Calvin Coolidge declined an invitation to send American delegates to a League of Nations conference in Geneva to discuss America's reservations about joining the World Court.

Coolidge gave a press conference.

I think it would he very desirable to have some coal legislation at this session and my message perhaps goes into my opinions in detail. I judge that a good way to approach it would be to bring forward the Coal Commission report and have some hearings on it and bring out such a bill as the hearings and a consideration of the situation develop to be sound. There are two things that I should want to accomplish. One would be to enable the President to appoint a mediation board or something of that nature in case of a threatened strike or strike, and the other would be to set up some machinery for coal administration in ease it happened that there might be a scarcity of coal. I think those two things are quite fundamental. I don’t know just what other details might be necessary. But the way to find out about those things is to call in the parties that are interested and who are familiar with the situation on the side of those who are employed and on the side of the coal operators, and take their opinions; see what their arguments are. Congress itself very well represents the public, though I have no doubt that additional information in relation to public needs and requirements could be obtained from the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Commerce, its military aspects from the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, and its labor aspects of course from the Secretary of Labor.

I don’t know whether the regulations governing the enforcement of Mexican Land laws have been received at the State Department or not. I doubt very much if they have. I think they were promulgated only three or four days ago, and it takes some three or four days, as I recall it, to get here.

I think it has already been announced that Colonel Carmi Thompson will undertake to go to the Philippines for me. It is possible he may stop at Hawaii, and perhaps at Guam, though that hasn’t been finally determined on. It seems to me that there was a somewhat sentimental propriety in sending him. He is, as you know, the National Commander of the Spanish War Veterans. It was through their activities that we came in possession of the Philippine Islands. He also is a very warm friend of General Wood. He has known him and been associated with him, and of course it goes without saying that it is entirely a friendly mission. General Wood has been stationed there for nearly five years. He has had little opportunity to come to the States and I thought it would be a somewhat graceful thing on our part if we could send someone down there to confer with him and give him such reassurance as he may need, and indicate to him personally the desire of the Government up here to support him in every way. Then I would like to have a survey – it couldn’t be quite called an investigation – of what we are doing, what progress we are making in the Islands, what progress the Filipino people are making – because that is synonomous. I want to know how education is progressing, what is being done in the way of sanitation, policing; also the financial condition of the islands as relates to their Government and the economic condition as it relates to private enterprise there, and in general to make a survey and inspection to see what we can do to better conditions there.

Press: Do you care to tell us anything about the visit to the Philippines of the Secretary of War this year?

President: Well, that has been mentioned in the press. I think it said the Secretary of War was contemplating a trip around the world in which, incidentally, he might stop at the Philippines. I don’t think I care to comment on that. I leave that for you to get first hand information from the Secretary of War. I took it to be one of those articles that some times appear, that has no real foundation. I would like to have the Secretary of War go down there some time, but of course it is difficult for the Secretary of War to get away for that length of time to go to the Philippines, and on account of the very great uncertainty of his being able to go I want to have Colonel Thompson go. His mission isn’t political in any way – merely the objects that I have mentioned.

I have been willing to consider the needs of the Spanish War veterans. Perhaps it is appropriate in this case to speak of that I think in comparison with what is being done for those who took part in other wars. I think they are entitled to some consideration. The bill carrying $18,000,000 a year, nearly $19,000,000 is a more ambitious bill than I like to see Congress taking up. The bill presented some years ago carried some $8,000,000 or $10,000,000. I should look on that with much more favor than taking on an expenditure at this time of $18,000,000 a year. I think it provides for a service pension at the age of 60 or 62. I feel that that is quite young for a person to become a service pensioner of the United States. Merely because a person went to the Spanish War and reached the age of 60 or 62 years doesn’t seem to me quite enough to put him on a pension roll. So I think that some change ought to be made in this bill to make it more acceptable. That leads me to the reports that have been coming out from the Treasury in relation to the amount of income that we are deriving under the present law. It was anticipated I suppose by the Treasury – it certainly was by me – that this first payment would be quite large. Everyone knew that a new tax law was going into effect and that it would be a material reduction over the old tax law, and there had been an accumulation of profit s in the hands of a great many people which, had they been cashed in under the law that was in force before I became President, would have been almost confiscated by the Government. Some 50% of them would have been taken in some instances under the law as it was last year. Under the law of this year 28% I think would be the maximum, and I don’t know but what it would be a little less than that. Quite naturally, those people that have been waiting to take their profits took them. That was one thing that accounted for a considerable sale of securities. Now, of course, the sale of securities during the present year don’t go into last year’s taxes, but because it was perfectly apparent before the first of January that there was to be a reduction, a great many people took their profits. That wont occur next year because those profits have been taken. Then there was the reduction of certain things that were fairly certain, like admission taxes and the tax on capital stock, which was fairly certain, almost amounting to repeal in some instances, and the shifting from capital stocks to earnings. Earnings are always uncertain. Than another item is the fact that because their taxes were not so large this year, many people that heretofore have taken the option of making their payments quarterly, I understand are paying the entire amount in this first installment. So, before we can tell what money would actually accrue under the present law, we shall have to wait and see what the year’s experience may be. It is altogether probable that the next three quarters will not be anywhere near as large as this quarter has been. I have known all the time that where was every prospect that we would come out at the end of this year, June 30, 1926, with a small surplus. The chance of coming out with a surplus June 30, 1927 is not anywhere near so favorable, and it is for that reason that I have cautioned the Congress, through newspaper conferences, to beware of putting on permanent expenditures. We can pass some kinds of legislation and if the money wasn’t available to meet the expenditure we could delay it for a year or reduce it somewhat. We could do that with aviation legislation. We can do it with any kind of a building program. When we pass laws providing for pensions, of course that becomes fixed and has to be paid whether the income is large or small. That is why I think in my message I cautioned the Congress against additional gratuities on the part of the Government.

I think it will be necessary to have some legislation relative to the World War veterans act. If this question here refers to the amendment of the bonus bill, I have a good deal of hesitation about speaking of that, because I haven’t any accurate idea of just what it does — my general idea about it is that it calls for quite a large expenditure of money which I should think would be doubtful – of doubtful necessity.

The suggestion of the delegation from Minneapolis and St. Paul about enlarging the upper Mississippi River is under consideration at the War Dept. 1 haven’t any information about the details of it.

I have a person under consideration to be Captain of the Mayflower when Captain Andrews’ term expires. I can’t speak his name at the present time. It is some one that has been stationed in the Pacific, either on the Pacific Coast or out with the Pacific Fleet. I am not quite certain which.

I think that the invitation has been received from the League about a conference with nations to consider the reservations that we have proposed to our proposal to adhere to the statute of the Court. Of course it was a most courteous thing for the League to do, to extend that invitation to us, as it was a discussion of some matter in which we have some interest ,and quite properly they would inquire whether it was a matter that we wanted to discuss. As far as I have been able to determine, I don’t see any necessity for any discussion on our part. The reservations speak for themselves. So that I don’t expect or anticipate – unless some reason appears that I don’t expect to appear on further study – that we should consider it necessary to send any representative. We are dealing, as I have indicated before, directly with the nations concerned. We are adhering to the Protocol, which is the technical name of the Statute that created the Court and which is the action of forty-eight different nations. The League has nothing to do with it and can’t do anything with it if it wanted to. The only persons that oan make any change In it are the forty-eight nations, so that it would be out attitude that we would deal wit h them, rather than to undertake to deal through any other channel.

I haven’t made any careful study of the report of the actuaries on the cost of the various retirement proposals, except to note that it is evident that the cost to the Treasury would be very high. It has seemed to me that the proposals for retirement might be modified. I indicated a moment ago that I doubted if retirement at 60 or 62, or a pension at that age, was altogether justified, and I doubt very much if it ought to be asserted that a person who has reached the age of 60 years, because he has been in the employ of the United States Government, should thereafter draw a retirement pay. And I think the amount of $1200 proposed is rather high. Now, if they would increase the age to 70, of course that would cut down by 10 years the average length of time on which annuities would be paid, and if they would decrease the amount that would be paid, that would also make a reduction. I should think that something might be worked out in that direction that would be within the reasonable means of the Government to meet.

I am glad that some one is reading the Price of Freedom. There is a reference there to the landing of the Pilgrims which says that “As they landed a sentinel of Providence, humbler, nearer to nature than themselves, welcomed them in their own tongue.” I wouldn’t want to be held to the necessity of proving that a sentinentel stood on the shore and extended a welcome as they landed from the boat at Plymouth Rock, but it was a very curious and interesting circumstance that an Indian had been taken from this country over to England and there had learned the English language, and he became associated with the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth and was of very great assistance to them in interpreting between them and the Indians. Now, I am not certain what that Indian’s name was. So I wont undertake to give it. But those are the circumstances and that was the situation to which I referred. I can’t quote any particular authority for it. I think any book that deals with the landing of the Pilgrims and that general situation would mention that interesting fact.

Last edition:

Saturday, March 27, 1926.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Art, Norman Rockwell

Saturday, March 27, 1926.

 

Last edition:

Friday, March 26, 1926. First tomb guard.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Army, Blog Mirror, Calvin Coolidge, Washington DC

Friday, March 26, 1926. First tomb guard.

The first guard, during daylight hours only, was posted on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

More on that:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Centennial: 100 Years Since the First Military Guard Posted March 26, 1926: This feature commemorates the centennial of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier guard, marking 100 years since the first sentinel was posted March 26, 1926. The story traces the origins of the Unknown Soldier of World War I, the expansion of the tradition to honor unidentified service members from World War II, the Korean War and Vietnam, and the enduring mission of the Soldiers who maintain an unbroken vigil at Arlington National Cemetery.

Coolidge gave a press conference.

Date: March 26, 1926

Location: Washington, D.C.

I haven’t very much information about the proposal for the settlement of the Alien Property and German War Claims, or rather the return of the Alien Property and settlement of the German War Claims. I know that the Treasury is working on some plan. I think they have substantially worked out a plan and are trying to draw a bill to put it into operation. There is quite a difference between those two things. Before I can make much of any comment on it, I should want to see what the bill involved.

It is true that the United States has undertaken to extend its good offices to Chile and Peru to settle the Tacna and Arica boundry matter or disposition of the territory in those provinces. That doesn’t mean that the proceedings will be abandoned for the plebecite. It only means that they will be suspended and an attempt made to close up the matter by negotiation, rather than by carrying out for the present the provisions of the Arbitrator. I have several questions in relation to that.

I don’t know whether Captain Andrews will take part in the Geneva Conference. I think his name has been mentioned. I understood that the Navy Department would take several men with Admirals Long and Jones. Is it Jones?

Press: Yes.

I have had several conferences in relation to the dam on the Colorado River, usually known as the Bowlder Canyon project. I think that the Interior Department has worked out a plan for legislation which would give relief especially to Southern California that is very much in need of an opportunity to secure the use of the water, and which would also provide flood control for the Colorado River. The details of the hill I think are familiar to the members of the press or can be made so, if they want to read the bill that is before the Committee, so I wont undertake any analysis of it. I consider that a very important project and very much hope that some legislation can be passed at the present session of the Congress. The plan as it is contemplated will be a bill passed now, authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to negotiate with the localities interested for the sale of the water and power, subject to the approval of those contracts by the Congress. That would provide a method of financing and meeting the payments of interest and principal on the initial outlay of capital that would be necessary to complete the works.

I hadn’t thought anything about what would be done with the farm at Plymouth. I suppose I shall keep it. That isn’t the place where my grandfather’s grandfather, Captain John Coolidge, settled when he went to Plymouth, but it is one of the five farms he owned when he died and it is my understanding that he died there. It has always been in the family, ever since. I expect it will remain in my possession. I am undertaking to provide for it to be carried on as a farm for the next year. I have already spoken of the Bowlder Canyon.

I haven’t enough information about the proposal in Virginia for a National Park in the Shenandoah region to make any helpful comment about it. It is a recognized policy of our Government to establish National Parks in suitable regions. I have been interested in the project of establishing a National Park in that region, but about the details of it I haven’t enough information to give intelligent comment.

I am not familiar with the Pepper bill providing Government aid for shipping, by that designation. This is an inquiry from Mr. Montgomery. Just what is the bill?

Montgomery: That is a bill in which the Government makes refunds on the tariffs –

President: I don’t know enough about the provisions of that bill to comment on it. I should like to have legislation relative to the Shipping Board as soon as possible.

I think I have stated several times the only position that I can take in relation to retirement legislation. I thought that it was desirable to pass some legislation in relation to retirement, but I have been waiting before wanting to pass an opinion on the present pending bill to secure from the experts and the actuaries an estimate of what the expenditures would be. It has been represented to me that that would be ready in the very near future. Then we can pass some judgment on the desirability of legislation.

I haven’t any definite recollection about what Commissioner Fenning and myself said in relation to his outside activities at the time of his appointment. It was only very general, as I recall it. The salary of the Commissioner is small – what is it, $5,000?

Press: $7,500.

President: And I think something was said about that salary, and think I said that I didn’t see any reason why if a Commissioner had time that isn’t required in the discharge of his duties he couldn’t engage in some other business. I don’t know what the practice has been about that. I don’t know what the statute is. Sometimes the statute provides that when a person receives a specific appointment he shall not have any other position. I don’t know any such statute in relation to this position. My own desire in appointing Mr. Fenning was to get a very excellent man, which I thought he was, and at the same time have him make as small a personal sacrifice as would be necessary.

Last edition:

Saturday, March 20, 1926. Coup in China.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Art, Birds, Chiang Kai-shek, hunting, Kuomintang, Republic of China, Wyoming Game & Fish Department

Saturday, March 20, 1926. Coup in China.

General Chiang Kai-shek carried out a purge of Communists from the Republic of China's military and the Kuomintang party, In doing it, Chiang declared martial law in the Republic's capital at Guangzhou essentially effecting a coup.

While a major event, it's surprisingly understudied and the details are murky.  At the time, Chiang maintained he was acting first in the face of an impending Communist coup.  While its not at all clear that was the case, and many people assert it was a pretext, even the Communist have never had all that much to say about this event.

It was a Saturday.

 The Wyoming Game and Fish Department released 27 paris of Hungarian Partridges

Last edition:

Tuesday, March 16, 1926. Sgt. Stubby crosses the Rainbow Bridge.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Army, Automobiles, Bus Transportation, Cartoons, Crime, Dogs, Immigration, It was because of World War One, J.R. Williams, Railroads, Rocketry, Transportation, World War One, Wyoming (Casper), Wyoming (Natrona County)

Railhead: The Nightcrawler. The train from Denver, Colorado, to Billings, Montana.

Railhead: The Nightcrawler. The train from Denver, Colorado...:   I had no idea that this is what this train was called.  Thanks go out to MKTH for letting me know! I've been looking into local passen...

The Nightcrawler. The train from Denver, Colorado, to Billings, Montana.

 

I had no idea that this is what this train was called.  Thanks go out to MKTH for letting me know!

I've been looking into local passenger train travel as part of my efforts with a novel.  What I found is that I knew very little about it.  Probably more than your average bear, but that's about it.  I'd long assumed that a person could board a train in Casper in 1916 and take the train to Douglas or Cheyenne, and then return that evening, but the more I looked into it, that was just an assumption.

I'm not the one who figured out how it really worked. That goes to MKTH.  the result is fascinating.

It turns out I was right sort of. The Burlington Northern ran a train from Denver Colorado, to Billings Montana, and vice versa, daily.  This article takes a look at it.

What I imagined, for novel purposes, was boarding in Casper, and traveling to Douglas.  I may, as I work at it, make it Cheyenne.

Union Station, Denver Colorado

Union Station, Denver Colorado

Union Station as viewed from in front of Denver's Oxford Hotel.

 

 

Anyhow, this is a really interesting article and give a really good look at what traveling on the Denver to Billings night train was like, complete with stops for food, which is something I hadn't considered.  It also picked up mail, and my source indicates, cream, something I also hadn't figured, but that may explain why the creamery my family owned was just one block from the Burlington Northern.  In fact it probably does.

Jersey Creamery Inc.

The trip took 19 hours.  It take 8 hours today by car, assuming good weather conditions, and not figuring in stops for food, etc.  The train moved about 34 miles an hour.

We'll look at the return trip first.  The train having come up from Cheyenne boarded there at 12:49 in the morning.  Uff.

It got to Casper at 6:20 in the morning, having made a couple of stops along the way.

Burlington Northern Depot, Casper Wyoming

What I imagined?  

Not really.  And I also had no idea that there was a major cafe right off the railroad.  This article deals with the early 1960s, but I can see that some variant of it was there decades prior.  That makes piles of sense, really.  Of course there would be.  How else would people eat if they were making the long journey?  

It simply hadn't occurred to me.

In my imaginary trip., that'd be it.  If I stuck with the Douglas variant of this, my protagonist would be boarding the train in the early, early morning hours and get in a couple of fitful hours of sleep, probably interrupted by a stop in little Glenrock.  Indeed, this train stopped everywhere to pick up mail, and a few passengers.

What about the other way around?

Well that was a day trip, but as we can see, the 19 hours the train traveled in total meat that it took a good 6.5 hours to travel just from Cheyenne to Casper.  Going the other way would mean the same thing, and likely a bit in reverse.  The 6.5 hour trip from Cheyenne to Casper was the second major leg of the trip (it'd still stop in numerous small towns in between), the first being Denver to Cheyenne.  Going the other way around meant that the Cheyenne to Denver leg was about five hours.  The article notes that the train actually arrived from Billings 40 minutes before its 7:00 p.m. departure.  So it arrived, more or less, at 6:00 p.m. and changed crews.  That would have meant that it left Cheyenne, on the way to Denver, at about 1:00 p.m. or so, which makes sense.  Passengers traveling all the way to Denver would have eaten lunch there.

By extension, however, that meant that the train left Casper at about 6;00 in the morning, approximately.

These times are almost unimaginable now.  When we had good air travel to Denver I'd frequently board United Express here about 6;00 a.m. and be in Denver about 8:30, and take the train downtown and be to work by 9.  I'd be back in Casper on the redeye about 10:00, or if I was lucky, 6:00.

And when I go to Cheyenne, I drive.  Normally that takes me a little under three hours.  I haven't stayed overnight in Cheyenne for years, although I recently had an instance which should really cause me to.

Anyhow, if I'm looking at 1916, why not just drive?

Well, in 1916 most Americans, including most Wyomingites, didn't own automobiles, and those who did, didn't normally make long trips with them.  They frankly weren't that reliable, even though they were simple.  Roads also tended to be primitive, and not really maintained for weather.  Could a person have driven from Casper to Cheyenne in a Model T, the most likely car they would have had?  Yes, but it wouldn't have been any faster.  It may well have been slower, quite frankly, as well as much riskier.

Saturday, March 16, 1946. Route 66. George Mikan turns pro.

Route 66 was recorded for the first time, the introductory edition of the Bobby Troup work by Nat King Cole.

Troup was a songwriter and actor, married to actress Julie London

London and Troup in Emergency, a nighttime television drama of the 1970s.

He was also a graduate of Wharton, which produced the unfortunate Trump and Gray, but that's another matter.  He served in the Marine Corps in World War Two, by which time he was already a songwriter. The war did not really interrupt his songwriting.

Route 66 was an absolute masterpiece, and has been recorded an innumerable number of times, and was even used for the basis of a television series that ran from 1960 to 1964.

In some very real ways, Route 66 symbolized the post war world and its sense of youth, indicability, and automotive freedom.

Route 66 itself was one of the original U.S. Highways of the United States Numbered Highway System.  It was established on November 11, 1926, with road signs erected the following year.  It became a huge factor in Depression Era migration to California, which makes the way its nostaglically remembered somewhat ironic, but as 

College basketball player George Mikan, who was hugely popular turned pro.

He was a great player, and notably played with glasses.  He struggled with diabetes in his final years, which focused attention on the plight of pre big money players.

He died in 2005 at age 80, a basketball great.

The Rocky Mountain News focused again on gambling.

An intersting service was being offered:

A tryst with a German Madchen went rather poorly.

To popular one panel cartoons of the day:

Last edition:

Friday, March 15, 1946. Soviets in Iran.

Labels: 1930s, 1940s, 1946, Harry S. Truman, Iran, Nazi Germany, Propaganda, Radio, Skiing, United States, USSR, World War Two

Tuesday, March 16, 1926. Sgt. Stubby crosses the Rainbow Bridge.

Boston Terrier Sgt. Stubby, mascot of the mascot of the 102nd Infantry Regiment, died at age 10.  He'd served for 18 months in France in the Great War, participating in 100 battles and four offensives.  He provided warnings of attacks and of the use of mustard gas, and captured a German soldier by holding him by the seat of his pants.

He was a genuinely heroic dog.

The Casper recaptured fugitives indicated that they'd left Casper by rail.

I posted this page for the bus schedule.  I have a detailed thread coming up on trains, and then noted this.  I wasn't aware that there was a bus by 1926.

A closer look.

What isn't clear is how long the bus trip took.

There is bus service from Casper today.  Greyhound.  We'll take a look at that in some future post.

Apparently unrestrained immigration was worrying some.  Others were worrying about Wyoming's oilfield population leaving for Texas.

Robert Goddard launched the first liquid fuel rocket in the United States at his Aunt Effie's farm in Auburn, Massachusetts.

Rocketry, like aviation, advanced like crazy.  By World War Two rockets would be in use as ground weapons, air to air weapons, and of course, with the first ballistic missiles.

Last edition:

Monday, March 15, 1926. Boxer Rebellion Echoes, Manhunt ends, National Guard Cavalry Inspection.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Boxer Rebellion, cavalry, China, Costa Rica, Crime, Disaster, French Navy, Idaho Army National Guard, Imperial Japanese Navy, Italian Navy, Railroads, Royal Navy, U.S. Navy, Wyoming National Guard