Showing posts with label German SS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label German SS. Show all posts

Sunday, March 30, 2025

Friday, March 30, 1945. Mère Marie Élisabeth de l'Eucharistie gassed at Ravensbruck. Maj. Gen. Maurice Rose killed in action.


Algerian born Élise Rivet, whose father was a French Naval officer and whose mother was Alsatian, also known as Mère Marie Élisabeth de l'Eucharistie was gassed at Ravensbruck Concentration Camp after volunteering to take the place of a mother who was slated for that fate.  She had been arrested in 1944 for harboring refugees fleeing the Germans and for allowing her convent to be used to store weapons for the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance at the request of Albert Chambonnet.

She was 55 years of age.


Commander of the 3d Armored Division, Maj Gen. Maurice Rose was killed in action near Paderborn, Westphalia, where many of many ancestors immigrated from in the 19th Century.

Rose was cut off in a forested area near the city and his part attempted to escape in their Jeeps, which one Jeep managed to do.  Stopped by a tank, a Waffen SS tank commander emerged from the hatch with a submachinegun and Rose's hand went for his sidearm.  He was machinegunned and left.  The remainder of his party hid in the woods overnight, and recovered his body, which contained operational orders that had not been disturbed, that night.

He was the highest ranking U.S. Army officer to be killed in direct action by enemy forces during World War Two.

Rose was Jewish by descent and grew up in a Jewish household in Denver.  His father was a businessman who later became a rabbi.  Rose himself could speak Yiddish and read Hebrew.  He joined the Colorado National Guard before he was legally old enough to do so, hoping for a military career early on, and hoping to serve in the Punitive Expedition, but was discharged six weeks later when his age was discovered.  He enlisted again during World War One at age 17 with his parents permission, and went to OCS, which says something about how different things were in regard to educational requirements at the time.  He was briefly out of the service in 1919, but returned to the Army as an officer in 1920.

Rose was married for about ten years, from 1920 to 1931, to Venice Hanson of Salt Lake City.  although the marriage ended in divorce.  Their son served as a career Marine Corps officer and also served in World War Two, as well as the Korean and Vietnam Wars.  He later married Virginia Barringer in 1934.

While born and raised Jewish, Maurice identified as an Episcopalian as an adult, which has lead to speculation on whether his conversion was real or political, it being difficult at the time to advance in American society, and the Army more particularly, while being outwardly Jewish.  Not that much is known, however, about his personal religious convictions.

He was 45 years of age.

"he rabbi of the Jewish Inf. Brigade visits the aid station and distributes newspapers. 30 March, 1945. Photographer: Levine, 196th Signal Photo Co."

The Battle of Lijevče Field began near Banja Luka between Croatian and Chetnik forces in what would soon be incorporated into communist Yugoslavia.

The Red Army took Danzig.  The Danzig Corridor, of course, had been one of the things the Germans claimed they required that lead to World War Two.

Anyone else make a connection to Greenland today.. . . ?

Eric Clapton was born in Ripley, Surrey to 16 year old Patricia Molly Clapton and 25 year old Canadian soldier Edward Walter Fryer.  He was raised by his grandparents, whom he thought to be his parents until he was nine years old.  He thought, at that time, his mother was his older sister.  She'd marry another Canadian soldier later on and his grandparents would continue to raise him.

He was performing the blue professionally by age 17.

Last edition:

Thursday, March 29, 1945. The first Public Passover Sedar in Germany since 1938.

Thursday, February 6, 2025

Tuesday, February 6, 1945. False hopes at Manila.

While the siege of Manila had only just begun, MacArthur announced that the city had been taken.

Yugoslav Partisans, who were well equipped and a (communist) army in their own right, launched the Mostar operation.

SS general Wilhelm Mohnke was put in command of government district, the Zitadelle, of Berlin.

Gee, what a nifty promotion. . . 

He survived the war, surprisingly, and was imprisoned by the Soviets until 1955.  After his release he became a dealer is small trucks and trailers, and died at age 90 in 2001.

35th Division infantrymen in Unterbruch, Germany.  February 6, 1945

The US 4th Corps took Gallicano, Italy.

More bombing raids occurred on Iwo Jima.

Last edition:

Monday, February 5, 1945. French SOE agents Denise Bloch, Lilian Rolfe, and Violette Szabo were executed at Ravensbrück concentration camp.

Saturday, January 18, 2025

Thursday, January 18, 1945. Advances in Poland, losses in Hungary.

The Soviet 2nd Belorussian Front captured Modlin. The 1st Belorussian Front and the 1st Ukrainian Front approached encircling Lodz and Krakow, and the Germans withdrew from the latter.

The 4th SS Panzer Division nearly destroyed the Soviet 135th Rifle Corps while attempting to relieve Budapest.

The Red Army liberated the Budapest ghetto.

British commandos landed on the Dutch island of Schouwen.

Last edition:

Wednesday, January 17, 1945. The Red Army enters a destroyed Warsaw.

Friday, January 17, 2025

Wednesday, January 17, 1945. The Red Army enters a destroyed Warsaw.

The Red Army finally took a destroyed Warsaw.  Hitler reacted by sacking generals Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz and Walter Fries.

Von Lüttwitz, who had seen combat in World War One and Two, went on to be a general in the Bundesherr.  He died in 1975 at age 79.  

Freis was subjected to a trial for his role in the city following in which Hitler requested a death sentence.  Amazingly, the court refused and Fries survived the war as well and died in 1982 at age 88.

The SS marched prisoners out of Auschwitz.

Swedish businessman and humanitarian Raoul Wallenberg disappeared after being detained by the Soviets in Budapeast.  He likely died in a Soviet jail cell two years later.

The German SS Donau was sunk by the Norwegian resistancde in Oslofjord

AP War Correspondent, Olen Clemente, Point Barrow, Alaska, at 3:00 p.m., Christmas Day, 1944. Photograph released January 17, 1945.

Last edition:

Tuesday, January 16, 1945. Der Führerbunker.

    Wednesday, January 1, 2025

    Monday, January 1, 1945. Operation Bodenplatte. Reprisal massacre.

    The Luftwaffe commenced Operation Bodenplatte, which had originally been planned for December 16, in an attempt to cripple Allied air forces in the Low Countries. The hope was to gain air superiority so that the stalled German advance in Wacht am Rhein could resume.

    A tactical surprise resulting in the destruction of 500 Allied aircraft on the ground, it none the less failed to achieve its goal and actually destroyed the Luftwaffe as an offensive, or even defensive, force due to heavy losses.  Allied losses were replaced within one week.

    Soldiers of the 11th Armored Division murdered about 80 German POWs at Chenogne, Belgium, in reprisal for the Malmedy Massacre.

    Some of the boys had some prisoners line up. I knew they were going to shoot them, and I hated this business.... They marched the prisoners back up the hill to murder them with the rest of the prisoners we had secured that morning.... As we were going up the hill out of town, I know some of our boys were lining up German prisoners in the fields on both sides of the road. There must have been 25 or 30 German boys in each group. Machine guns were being set up. These boys were to be machine gunned and murdered. We were committing the same crimes we were now accusing the Japs and Germans of doing.... Going back down the road into town I looked into the fields where the German boys had been shot. Dark lifeless forms lay in the snow.

    Following the Malmedy Massacre some US units were issued orders not to take SS POWs, a clearly illegal order.  The murdered POWs, however, were members of the Führerbegleitbrigade and 3rd Panzergrenadier Division, German Army units, the latter of which had been associated with atrocities in Italy.

    The killing of SS POWs became routine in some units.

    The event was covered up and only really became known in detail in 2018.  This was not the only such event that occurred, and some units began to routinely kill SS prisoners.

    The UK refused to recognize the Soviet sponsored Polish government.

    Hitler made a radio address which omitted the current German situation to such an extent that it provoked Allied debate on who made it, and when.

    It's worth noting at this point that while October, 1944, was the bloodiest month of the war for the US, in larger terms, the killing and dying ramped up massively starting in January, 1945, as the Allies closed in on Germany.

    Last edition:

    Sunday, December 31, 1944. Unternehmen Nordwind launched Ichi-Go concludes a success.

    Monday, August 5, 2024

    Friday, August 5, 1944. The Wola Massacre.

    German SS, the Azerbaijani Legion and the Russian collaborationist Kaminski Brigade, commenced killing Poles in the Wola district of Warsaw.  The massacre was ordered by Himmler.

    Major Ivan Denisovich Frolov with the officers of the Russian National Liberation Army (RONA) during the Warsaw Uprising.

    Between 40,000 and 50,000 Poles would be murdered.

    The weirdness of this is inescapable. The Russians in RONA were there partially in order to survive German captivity, and partial in an effort to free their homeland from Communist control. The Soviet Union had helped take away Poland's freedom by invading it along with Germany, and the Polish Home Army was attempting to free their homeland and was anti communist.  The Azerbaijanis were fighting for the liberation of their homeland as well.

    The 3d Army took Vannes.

    The Cowra breakout occured in New South Wales in which 1,100 Japanese POWs broke out.  They'd all be captured within ten days, although four Australians and 231 Japanese POWs would be killed.

    The RAF destroyed the German U-boat pens at Brest.

    The Soviet submarine Shch-215 sanke the Turkish motor schooner Mefküre resulting in the death of 300 Jewish refugees.

    Last edition:

    Thursday, August 4, 1944. The Frank's arrested.

    Tuesday, July 23, 2024

    Sunday, July 23, 1944. The Lwów Uprising

    The Lwów Uprising by the Polish Home Army began.  The uprising was a success in that it took large portions of the city as the Soviets arrived, but a failure in that the Soviets arrested the political leadership of the city,  and then conscripted or arrested the Polish combatants.

    The Red Army took Pskov, the last major town of the prewar USSR to be liberated, meaning that the Soviets were now fighting off of their soil, for the most part.

    The last inmates at Treblinka were murdered.

    The SS launched a manhunt for members of the July 20 plot.

    The Canadian First Army became operational in Normandy.

    US troops outside of Saint-Lô.  The soldier closest to the camera is a NCO, identifiable by the horizontal stripe on his helmet, and is carrying a M3 "Grease Gun".

    Last edition:

    Saturday, July 22, 1944. Changes in governments.

    Monday, July 8, 2024

    Saturday, July 8, 1944.

    The Saturday Evening Post featured a clown on the cover, a really unfortunate piece of artwork given the horrific circus fire earlier in the week.

    Thursday, July 6, 1944. Advances on Eastern Front, Halted on Western Front, Tragedy in Connecticut, Racism at Camp Hood.

    The disputed photograph which is likely of Ellis Underwood may have been taken on this date:

    Tuesday, June 27, 1944. Angelo Klonis or Thomas E. Underwood?

    British and Canadian forces launched Operation Charnwood which sought to at least partially capture Caen. Heavy RAF raids on the city are launched as part of the offensive.

    German machine gun crew killed in action by U.S. troops in Normandy on this day.

    The SS began to remove the Jewish population of Kovno to Stufthof and Dauchau in order to clear out the ghetto before it was liberated by the Red Army.

    Admiral Takeo Takagi (高木 武雄) was killed on Saipan.

    The U-243 was sunk by the RAAF in the Bay of Biscay.

    Mass in the Ready Room of the USS Saginaw Bay (CVE 82), July 8, 1944.

    Last edit:

    Tuesday, June 25, 2024

    Sunday, June 25, 1944. The Battle of Tali–Ihantala commences.


    The Battle of Tali–Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought by Nordic nations, commenced between Finland and the Soviet Union.

    The battle followed a continued series of contacts between Finland and the USSR about Finland leaving the war.  On June 21 the Finish government asked for peace conditions.  The reply came on June 23 which demanded a signed statement from Finland that it was ready to surrender as a precondition for talks. The Finns rejected this.  The day prior to that, German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop demanded that Finland would promise that it would continue to fight as a precondition for ongoing military support, which Finland gave.  The Soviet offensive commenced today, even as recent events had shown that Finnish resistance to Red Army attacks was strengthening.

    "Combat engineers kneel in prayer at a Sunday mass conducted by Chaplain (1st Lt.) Paul J. McGovern, Boston, Mass., former pastor of St. Mary's Catholic Church, Danvers, Mass. The first American cemetery to be constructed in France is in the center background." 

    U.S. and Royal Navy ships bombarded shore fortifications at Cherbourg.

    Operation Martlet, the initial stage of Operation Epsom, a British operation to take Caen, commenced.  60,000 Canadian and British troops  were involved in the assault against the 12th SS Panzer Hitlerjugend Division.

    As a matter of pure trivia, the German Tiger tank in the movie Kelly's Heroes bears the insignia of the 12th SS Panzer Division.

    The Battle of Osuchy began in Poland between German forces and the Polish resistance.

    The U-269 was sunk off of Torquay by the HMS Bickerton.

    Last prior edition:

    Monday, June 10, 2024

    Saturday, June 10, 1944. D+4. The Oradour-sur-Glane and Distomo Massacres.

    German POW being searched in France, June 10, 1944.

    The Oradour-sur-Glane massacre was carried out by the troops of the SS Panzer Division Das Reich in France, destroying the village and killing 642 residents.  It was a reprisal for Resistance activities.  200 of the dead were women and children who were burned to death in a church.

    A few escapees were tipped off as the village was surrounded by Alsatian members of the unit.

    The Waffen SS also carried out the Distomo massacre on the same day, killing 214 residents of that Greek village in reprisal for a partisan attack upon the unit.

    Utah and Omaha beaches were linked by the 2nd Armored Division.  The artificial harbors of Arromanches and Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer began to be installed.

    Allied casualties for the day in Normandy amounted to 15,000 men.

    Iin Italy, the British 8th Army captured Pescara and Chieti.

    British seaborne aircraft hit Saband in the Dutch East Indes as a diversion from American forces approaching the Mariana Islands.

    The Red Army took Terijoki and Yalkena from the Finns.

    Joe Nuxhall debuted for the Cincinnati Reds at age 15. He'd be sent down to the minors, but would reappear in the major leagues at age 23.

    Jockey Jimmy Stout rode Bousset in horse racing's only triple dead heat in the Carter Handicap.

    Last prior edition:

    Friday, June 9, 1944. D+3

    Friday, June 7, 2024

    Wednesday, June 7, 1944. D+1.


    The British began Operation Perch, an attempt to encircle and take Caen, which had been a D-Day objective.  

    Much has been made of this, with a large amount of criticism being levied by American historians, but the fact of the matter is that the British and Canadians had taken well over twice the amount of ground as the Americans on D-Day, while failing to take Caen, with the British drawing some of the best German forces in the region as a result.

    The Battle of Bréville began with British Airborne entering the unoccupied town.

    British and Canadian Airborne in Bréville.  The trooper closest to the camera is carrying a M1911 .45 ACP pistol.  The paratrooper on furthest right, as viewed, has a bayonet affixed to his Sten Gun.

    The week-long battle would become one of the most important battles of the invasion of Normandy.

    The British airborne phase of Overlord, Operation Tonga, concluded as a tactical success.

    The 7th Corps advances towards Carentan and Montebourg in an effort to link up with the 82nd and 101st Airborne.   The 5th Corps advances towards Isigny and Bayeux.  The British 30th Corps cuts the Caen-Bayeux Road.

    The 12th SS Panzer Division murdered 11 Canadian POWs in the beginning of what would be a series of atrocities.

    And a picture from this day, which we featured earlier, with the text:

    Something interesting to note.

     


    Troops of the 38th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division going up the bluff at the E-1 draw in the Easy Red sector of Omaha Beach, Normandy, on June 7, 1944.

    The first three soldiers, and the seventh and eighth, are carrying M1903 Springfield bolt action rifles.  The fourth's weapon isn't visible at all, and if he's carrying one, it's probably a sidearm.  The fifth one is carrying an M1 carbine, as is the sixth and seventh.

    These men have the appearance of being infantrymen, but the lack of M1 Garands suggests they might be combat engineers. At any rate, this photo nicely illustrates how prevalent the M1903 still was during World War Two.

    The second man was 18 years old Pvt Vincent Mullen, who would be killed in action a few days after this photograph was taken.

    The Resistance pushed the Germans out of Bayuex and the British 50th Division takes it.

    The 5th Army captured Bacciano and Civitavecchia.  The British 8th Army takes Subiaco.  The South African 6th Armored Division captures Civita Castellana.

    Operation Hasty in Italy concluded with over 50% British casualties.

    The US 41st Division captures Mokmer Airfield on Biak.

    The Hayanami became the second Japanese ship lost in the Sibuto Passage to the USS Harder in two days.

    Judy Garland divorced David Rose.  It was the second of his three marriages and the first of her five.

    Last prior edition:

    Tuesday, June 6, 1944. Operation Overlord