To hell with the government, you... New Dealer!
Ostensibly exploring the practice of law before the internet. Heck, before good highways for that matter.
Saturday, April 27, 2024
Thursday, April 27, 1944. Exercise Tiger
Friday, April 26, 2024
Wednesday, April 26, 1944. Pyrrihic Kidnapping.
In a mission months in the making, members of the SOE and Cretan resistance kidnapped Heinrich Kreipe.
Originally directed at Gen. Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller as a reprisal for actions committed under his orders, Kreipe had succeeded him by the time the SOE team arrived. Kreipe's kidnapping would cause Müller to return and order mass reprisals, something that had not occurred under Kreipe.
In short, it was a pointless action and poorly thought out, with ultimately tragic results.
Kreipe would be reunited with his kidnappers in a 1972 Greek television program.
In New Guinea, American beachheads at Tanahmerah Bay and Humboldt Bay were linked up. Australian forces took Alexishafen.
The Yoshida Maru No. 1 was sunk by the USS Jack resulting in the loss of 2,669 men.
The U-488 was sunk off of Cape Verde by the U.S. Navy.
The I-180 was sunk off of Chirikof Island by the USS Gilmore.
The Royal Navy, in an effort to attack the Tirpitz which failed due to weather, found a coastal convoy instead and sunk three ships in it.
The POW camp in Hoopeston, Illinois, received its first prisoners.
Last prior edition:
Tuesday, April 25, 1944. The Blood for Goods deal extended, Air disaster at Montreal, the death of George Herriman.
Thursday, April 25, 2024
Tuesday, April 25, 1944. The Blood for Goods deal extended, Air disaster at Montreal, the death of George Herriman.
The Nazis offered Hungarian rescue worker Joel Brand an offer which has been termed the "Blood for Goods" deal. It was an offer to free 1,000,000 Hungarian Jews, releasing them to an Allied country, save for Palestine (oddly) for goods. The offer was extended through Adolf Eichmann to Brand, who was a pre-war Hungarian Zionist.
Brand carried the message to the Allies, making his way through Turkey to Egypt, where he was arrested by the British. The British did not take the offer seriously and believed it was a trick. The US was cautious about the offer but less hostile to it. British opposition to exploring it ended the matter, and the British press leaked it and termed it blackmail by the fall.
At this point in the war, members of the SS were not completely loyal to Hitler and there is some reason to believe that this was a camouflaged effort to open up communications with the Western Allies in order to advance a separate peace, a delusional prospect of that is what they were thinking.
Brand moved to Israel after the war and was haunted the rest of his life by the failure of the proposal. He died visiting Germany in 1964, at age 58.
A Royal Air Force variant of the B-24, a Liberator B Mark VI crashed into the Griffintown neighborhood of Montreal after taking off from Dorval Airport. The crew and ten civilians were killed.
My mother lived in the St. Lambert district of Montreal at the time. St. Lambert is directly across the river from Griffentown. I'd never heard of this incident, but then, there are many such thing that my parents never mentioned to me on matters like this, and I suppose that's to be expected. Casper suffered numerous air disasters during World War Two.
My mother, then 19 years of age, would have been working in the city at this time, so was likely on the Griffentown side of the river when the accident occured.
The first combat helicopter evacuation completed in the CBI:
21–25 April 1944
The Luftwaffe raided shipping at Portsmouth and Plymouth-Devonport in a nighttime raid. The same night, the HMS Black Prince and three Canadian destroyers engaged German warships in the English Channel, sinking the T-29 and damaging the T-24 and T-27.
The T-39 series of German ships were torpedo "boats", but due to their size they were more in the nature of corvettes.
Allied forces landed at Humboldt Bay, New Guinea.
The British government announced that it had a £2.76 billion deficit, £89 million smaller than anticipated.
The United Negro College Fund was established.
George Herriman, the creator of Krazy Kat, died at age 63.
Herriman was creole and born in New Orleans, although he speant much of his adult life in Los Angeles. The Creole are their own distinct ethnicity, with some noting that means by default that they are of "mixed race", something that a lot of non Louisianians don't realize as they confuse creole with Cajun, the two not being the same. Under the bizarre rules of American culture, Herriman would have been regarded as "black" in some regions of the United States, although legally, and equally bizarrely, he could at the time choose to self identify as white or black, neither of which really describes his ethnic heritage. He self identified as white, which makes sense, as to do otherwise would have hindered his career.
Herriman was a shy and gentlemanly man. A Catholic, he married his childhood sweetheart and had two children, as well as a lot of pets, of which he wsa very fond.
Last prior edition:Monday, April 24, 1944. Violating Swiss Airspace.
Wednesday, April 24, 2024
Monday, April 24, 1944. Violating Swiss Airspace.
The Finisterre Range Campaign in New Guinea concluded in an Allied victory. US forces reached Lake Sentani near Hollandia. Australian forces took Madang.
The RAF violated Swiss airspace in order to evade Munich's air warning system. Earlier in the day, the U.S. Army Air Force had raided the heavily defended city, losing 55 aircraft, 14 of which crashed into Switzerland.
Italy started fielding a "Co Belligerent Air Force" in support of the Allies over the Adriatic.
The Special Boat Service raided Santorini in the Aegean.
A British blockade of mutinous Greek troops in Egypt ceased.
Double Indemnity was released in Brazil, a few months ahead of the American release.
Why Brazil? I have no idea.
Sunday, April 23, 1944. Hollandia taken, MacArthur lands, John C. Squire's posthumous MoH, Greek troubles, Pyrgoi Massacre, Tragic accident, Missing mobster.
Tuesday, April 23, 2024
Sunday, April 23, 1944. Hollandia taken, MacArthur lands, John C. Squire's posthumous MoH, Greek troubles, Pyrgoi Massacre, Tragic accident, Missing mobster.
Hollandia fell to US forces and Tadji airfield is taken. However, resistance was met inland at Sabron and the beachheads were experiencing congestion.
The Amagiri was sunk in the Makassar Strait by a mine.
Mussolini agreed to continue permitting Italian troops to be trained in Germany. The best of them were to be used to form a new National Republican Army.
In Italy, U.S. Army PFC John C. Squires lost his life in an action which resulted in his receiving a posthumous Medal of Honor.
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. At the start of his company's attack on strongly held enemy positions in and around Spaccasassi Creek, near Padiglione, Italy, on the night of 23-April 24, 1944, Pfc. Squires, platoon messenger, participating in his first offensive action, braved intense artillery, mortar, and antitank gun fire in order to investigate the effects of an antitank mine explosion on the leading platoon. Despite shells which burst close to him, Pfc. Squires made his way 50 yards forward to the advance element, noted the situation, reconnoitered a new route of advance and informed his platoon leader of the casualties sustained and the alternate route. Acting without orders, he rounded up stragglers, organized a group of lost men into a squad and led them forward. When the platoon reached Spaccasassi Creek and established an outpost, Pfc. Squires, knowing that almost all of the noncommissioned officers were casualties, placed 8 men in position of his own volition, disregarding enemy machinegun, machine-pistol, and grenade fire which covered the creek draw. When his platoon had been reduced to 14 men, he brought up reinforcements twice. On each trip he went through barbed wire and across an enemy minefield, under intense artillery and mortar fire. Three times in the early morning the outpost was counterattacked. Each time Pfc. Squires ignored withering enemy automatic fire and grenades which struck all around him, and fired hundreds of rounds of rifle, Browning automatic rifle, and captured German Spandau machinegun ammunition at the enemy, inflicting numerous casualties and materially aiding in repulsing the attacks. Following these fights, he moved 50 yards to the south end of the outpost and engaged 21 German soldiers in individual machinegun duels at point-blank range, forcing all 21 enemy to surrender and capturing 13 more Spandau guns. Learning the function of this weapon by questioning a German officer prisoner, he placed the captured guns in position and instructed other members of his platoon in their operation. The next night when the Germans attacked the outpost again he killed 3 and wounded more Germans with captured potato-masher grenades and fire from his Spandau gun. Pfc. Squires was killed in a subsequent action.
A communist mutiny on five Greek warships (it's always the sailors) was put down by loyal Greek forces.
Also in Greece, the Pyrgoi Massacre took place in which the SS killed 563 men, women and children, with the aid of local Greek accomplices.
Marion Harris, the first white singer to widely sing and record blues, died in a hotel fire caused by her falling asleep with a lit cigarette. She was 48 years old.
Canadian bootlegger Rocco Perri went for a walk in Hamilton Ontario to clear his head and disappeared. It's widely believed he was fitted with cement shoes and drowned, but there are those who assert he lived into the 1950s in the U.S.
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Saturday, April 22, 1944. American landings at Hollandia and Aitape.
Monday, April 22, 2024
Saturday, April 22, 1944. American landings at Hollandia and Aitape.
U.S. forces began landed in Western New Guinea in Operations Reckless (Hollandia) and Operation Persecution (Aitape).
The Marshalls campaign ended with the US taking Ungelap.
The Japanese took Chengchow in China.
Combined, the day's event in the Far East demonstrated the interesting nature of the war at the time, and the problems confronting the Japanese. The Japanese were advancing in China and on the Burmese Indian frontier, but losing territory rapidly in the Pacific, where they effectively had no means of stopping the flow of events. Gaining enough ground on the Asian mainland to force a conclusion to the overall war was rapidly becoming impossible, as was defending what it had taken in the Pacific in order to advance that original goal.
Mesovouno was subject to German mass killings for the second time, the first time being in October 1941.
Mussolini met with Hitler and his entourage to complain about German caused problems in the Italian Social Republic, which the Germans didn't really care about.
The Kingdom of Afghanistan drove rebel Mazrak Zadran and his followers into the hills. He was in rebellion in support of a rival claimant to the Afghani throne.
Last prior edition:
Friday, April 21, 1944. Les Françaises obtiennent le droit de vote.
Sunday, April 21, 2024
Friday, April 21, 1944. Les Françaises obtiennent le droit de vote.
Charles de Gaulle issued a decree giving French women the right to vote.
It's hard to imagine that the vote came to French women this late.
Japanese troops captured Crete West Hill during the Battle of Imphal.
As Sarah Sundin notes on her blog:
Today in World War II History—April 21, 1944: German Gen. Hans-Valentin Hube is killed in a plane crash at Berchtesgaden; Gen. Erhard Raus replaces him over German First Panzer Army.
She also noted that a massive US task force with up to twenty aircraft carriers had attacked Hollandia, Wakde, Sawar, and Sarmi, New Guinea from the air in preparation for landings. D-Day was the following day.
The following statement, a product of Bretton Woods, was released:
Italy formed a coalition government.
The RAF hit Cologne, La Chappelle (Paris), Lens and Ottignies (Brussels).
The Battle of Gurba occured in Ukraine, but it's obscure. It was an action between the Soviets and the Ukrainian National Army, and relatively large-scale for such an encounter.
Last prior edition:
Thursday, April 20, 1944. Bombs for Hitler's birthday.
Saturday, April 20, 2024
Thursday, April 20, 1944. Bombs for Hitler's birthday.
The Royal Air Force dropped 4,500 tons of bombs on a single raid, a new record. It was Hitler's 55th birthday.
The Luftwaffe sunk the USS Lansdale and the Liberty ship SS Paul Hamilton of Algiers. The attacking planes were Ju 88s which were used as torpedo bombers in this application.
Off of Anzio, the Germans deployed human torpedoes. No serious damages are incurred by any of the Allied ships which are stricken.
Elmer Gedeon, age 27, was killed piloting a B-26 over France. He had been, prior to entering the service, a professional baseball player and was one of only two major league ball players killed during World War Two, the other being Harry O'Neill who was killed as a Marine Corps officer on Iwo Jima.
The British conversation at Kohima was relieved.
The Luftwaffe attempted to raid Hull, but called off the mission.
George Grantham Baink "the father of foreign photographic news", died at age 78 in New York City, which he had heavily photographed.
Many of his photographs appear on this website.
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Wednesday, April 19, 1944. Operation Ichi-Go.
Friday, April 19, 2024
Wednesday, April 19, 1944. Operation Ichi-Go.
Operation Ichi-Go commenced in China.
Today in World War II History—April 19, 1944 In the US, shortening, salad & cooking oils are removed from rationing, but butter & margarine are still rationed. Read more: “Make It Do—Rationing of Butter, Fats & Oils in World War II.”
Congress extended the Lend Lease Act. Apparently the 78th Congress was a little more active than the 119th.
The 1944 NFL Draft was held, and the first draft pick was Angelo Bertelli, who was drafted by the Boston Yanks. It wouldn't matter, Bertelli was already slated to enter the Marine Corps.
Canadian Gérard Côté won the Boston Marathon.
He was serving in the Canadian Army at the time, and took leave to run in the race, sponsored by a Montreal restaurateur. While the Canadian Army, which initially used him as a physical education instructor, and then stationed him in a munitions plant, had been proud of his status as Canada's premier runner, it had taken heat for perceived preferential treatment that he received, and reacted negatively to his taking leave and running in the race. Côté was shipped to the UK and served the rest of the war in Europe, winning three English marathons during that time period.
Last prior edition: