On this day in 1921 the United States and Germany officially entered into a peace bringing about the end of a state of war between the nations that had existed since April, 1917. The treaty provided:
A
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY, SIGNED ON AUGUST 25, 1921, TO
RESTORE FRIENDLY RELATIONS EXISTING BETWEEN THE TWO NATIONS PRIOR TO THE
OUTBREAK OF WAR
GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Considering
that the United States, acting in conjunction with its co-belligerents, entered
into an Armistice with Germany on November 1l, 1918, in order that a Treaty of
Peace might be concluded;
Considering
that the Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, and came into force
according to the terms of its Article 440, but has not been ratified by the
United States;
Considering
that the Congress of the United States passed a Joint Resolution, approved by
the President July 2, 1921, which reads in part as follows:
"Resolved
by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, That the state
of war declared to exist between the Imperial German Government and the United
States of America by the joint resolution of Congress approved April 6, 1917,
is hereby declared at an end.
"Sec.
2. That in making this declaration, and as a part of it, there are
expressly reserved to the United States of America and its nationals any and
all rights, privileges, indemnities, reparations, or advantages, together with
the right to enforce the same, to which it or they have become entitled under
the terms of the armistice signed November 11, 1918, or any extensions or
modifications thereof; or which were acquired by or are in the possession of
the United States of America by reason of its participation in the war or to
which its nationals have thereby become rightfully entitled; or which, under
the Treaty of Versailles, have been stipulated for its or their benefit; or to
which it is entitled as one of the principal Allied and Associated powers; or
to which it is entitled by virtue of any Act or Acts of Congress; or otherwise.
* * * * *
"Sec.
5. All property of the Imperial German Government, or its successor or
successors, and of all German nationals, which was, on April 6, 1917, in or has
since that date come into the possession or under control of, or has been the
subject of a demand by the United States of America or of any of its officers,
agents, or employees, from any source or by any agency whatsoever, and all
property of the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, or its successor
or successors, and of all Austro-Hungarian nationals which was on December 7,
1917, in or has since that date come into the possession or under control of,
or has been the subject of a demand by the United States of America or any of
its officers, agents, or employees, from any source or by any agency
whatsoever, shall be retained by the United States of America and no
disposition thereof made, except as shall have been heretofore or specifically
hereafter shall be provided by law until such time as the Imperial German
Government and the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, or their
successor or successors, shall have respectively made suitable provision for
the satisfaction of all claims against said Governments respectively of all
persons, wheresoever domiciled, who owe permanent allegiance to the United
States of America and who have suffered through the acts of the Imperial German
Government, or it-[sic] agents, or the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian
Governs[sic] ment, or its agents, since July 31, 1914, loss, damage, or injury
to their persons or property, directly or indirectly, whether through the
ownership of shares of stock in German, Austro-Hungarian, American, or other
corporations, or in consequence of hostilities or of any operations of war, or
otherwise, and also shall have granted to persons owing permanent allegiance to
the United States of America most-favored-nation treatment, whether the same be
national or otherwise, in all matters affecting residence, business, profession,
trade, navigation, commerce and industrial property rights, and until the
Imperial German Government and the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian
Government, or their successor or successors, shall have respectively confirmed
to the United States of America all fines, forfeitures penalties, and seizures
imposed or made by the United States of America during the war, whether in
respect to the property of the Imperial German Government or German nationals
or the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government or Austro-Hungarian
nationals, and shall have waived any and all pecuniary claims against the
United States of America."
Being desirous of restoring the friendly relations existing between the two
nations prior to the outbreak of war;
Have
for that purpose appointed their plenipotentiaries:
The
President of the German Empire, Dr. FRIEDRICH ROSEN, Minister for Foreign
Affairs, and the President of the United States of America; ELLIS LORING
DRESEL, Commissioner of the United States of America to Germany;
Who,
having communicated their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have
agreed as follows:
ARTICLE
I
Germany
undertakes to accord to the United States, and the United States shall have and
enjoy, all the rights, privileges, indemnities, reparations or advantages
specified in the aforesaid Joint Resolution of the Congress of the United
States of July 2, 1921, including all the rights and advantages stipulated for
the benefit of the United States in the Treaty of Versailles which the United
States shall fully enjoy notwithstanding the fact that such Treaty has not been
ratified by the United States.
ARTICLE
II
With
a view to defining more particularly the obligations of Germany under the
foregoing Article with respect to certain provisions in the Treaty of
Versailes, it is understood and agreed between the High Contracting Parties:
(I)
That the rights and advantages stipulated in that Treaty for the benefit of the
United States, which it is intended the United States shall have and enjoy, are
those defined in Section I, of Part IV, and Parts V, VI, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIV and XV.
The
United States in availing itself of the rights and advantages stipulated in the
provisions of that Treaty mentioned in this paragraph will do so in a manner
consistent with the rights accorded to Germany under such provisions.
(2)
That the United States shall not be bound by the provisions of Part I of that
Treaty, nor by any provisions of that Treaty including those mentioned in
paragraph (I) of this Article, which relate to the Covenant of the League of
Nations, nor shall the United States be bound by any action taken by the League
of Nations, or by the Council or by the Assembly thereof, unless the United
States shall expressly give its assent to such action.
(3)
That the United States assumes no obligations under or with respect to the
provisions of Part II, Part III, Sections 2 to 8 inclusive of Part IV, and Part
XIII of that Treaty.
(4)
That, while the United States is privileged to participate in the Reparation
Commission, according to the terms of Part VIII of that Treaty, and in any
other Commission established under the Treaty or under any agreement
supplemental thereto, the United States is not bound to participate in any such
commission unless it shall elect to do so.
(5)
That the periods of time to which reference is made in Article 440 of the
Treaty of Versailles shall run, with respect to any act or election on the part
of the United States, from the date of the coming into force of the present
Treaty.
ARTICLE
III
The
present Treaty shall be ratified in accordance with the constitutional forms of
the High Contracting Parties and shall take effect immediately on the exchange
of ratifications which shall take place as soon as possible at Berlin.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty and
have hereunto affixed their seals.
Done
in duplicate in Berlin this twenty-fifth day of August, 1921.
[SEAL.]
ROSEN.
[SEAL.]
ELLIS LORING DRESEL.
By
a proclamation of the President signed November 14, 1921, war between the
United States and Germany was declared to have terminated July 2, 1921.
Dempsey had fallen a bit from grace at the time as he had recently divorced and the details of his marriage weren't favorable. Additionlly there had been latent criticism of his wartime conscription exemption and he was now being accused of being a "slacker". Carpentier, by contrast, was regarded as a war hero, having served as an aviator in World War One.
Police officers at Boyle's Thirty Acres, Jersey City, New Jersey, an arena buillt for the heavyweight championship fight between Jack Dempsey and Georges Carpentier on 2 July 1921.
Prior to the match Dempsey had started to receive favorable press, however, and the crowd that came to watch it totaled over 80,000 people including, for the first time, a fairly large number of women. The gate took in over $1.7M dollars, making it the first "Million Dollar Gate.
The Saturday magazines came out, with some celebrating the 4th of July weekend, although not all in the same way. Others simply featured observations on life.
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