Madero met Zapata in visits Morelos, where Zapata was still under arms. Madero offered Zapata money to buy land, demanded disarmament, and promised Zapata the post as commander of the police in Morelos.
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A crowd of 100,000 people turned out to watch Francisco Madero enter Mexico City.
An earthquake occurred at 04:26 local time (11:02 UTC) bear the coast of Michoacán, Mexico, killing at least 45 people. Due to the other events in Mexico on the day, it's sometimes called the "temblor maderista".
Orphans were taken for a visit to Coney Island.
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Plutarco Elías Calles nationalized all property of the Catholic church in Mexico.
The degree to which the leaders of the Mexican Revolution were anti Catholic in a very Catholic nation is hard to overestimate, although at the same time, particularly in some regions, Catholic viewpoints were very represented amongst the revolutionaries. Emiliano Zapata in particularly was notably Catholic.
Be that as it may, Madero was not a practicing Catholic and had peculiar spiritual views. He was in fact a spiritualist and a Mason. Still, his victory in the revolution, temporary though it was, was seen by Catholics as an opportunity to form a Mexican Catholic political party, which they did. The Church condemned Madero's assassination.
It was that killing that sparked the second stage of the revolution. Álvaro Obregón and Calles both featured prominently in that, and both were anti Catholic. Calles was also a Mason. In that phase of the revolution, moreover, democratic forces, which had brought about Madero's rise, started to wane and with the murder of Zapata and the victory of Carranza Mexico headed off in a much more radically leftist direction. In some ways the Mexican Revolution, in spite of its romantic portrayal in American cinema, was much more of a 20th Century European Revolution, many of which featured radically anti Catholic leaders against Catholic populations in favor of utopian leftism.
Calles fit that mold and was the sort example in the office of president of Mexico. His anti clerical laws would lead to the Cristero War the following year.
Mexico remains a very Catholic country to this day and the Mexican people are very Catholic. But like other religious communities, the period of anti religious domination hurt the religious nature of the people nonetheless and the culture of the country. Mexico has never really recovered from the anti religious views of the revolution. Ironically, one of the beneficiaries of that has been Protestant Millennialism which has been successful in drawing in religious Mexicans who are unchurched, a byproduct of the revolution.
Actor Leslie Nielsen was born in Regina, Saskatchewan. He served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War Two as an aerial gunner, although he was not deployed overseas.
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Mexican revolutionary Pascual Orozco was killed along with four others in a controversial gun battle against Texas Rangers and soldiers of the 13th Cavalry Regiment near the U.S-Mexican border. The pursuers had not realized they were chasing Orozco, but rather reported horse thieves. Whether or not they were stolen horses is unclear, and they may just have been set up.
Madero left El Paso on a Southern Pacific train which took him to Spofford Junction, Texas. He crossed the border there into Mexico where he boarded another train on his trip to Mexico City to meet interim Mexican President de la Barra.
Prominent Porfiristas José Ives Limantour, Guillermo de Landa y Escandón and Leopoldo Batres left Mexico City en route to destinations in the United States and Europe where they'd go into exile.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, was incorporated.
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The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez was signed ending the first stage of the Mexican Revolution.
The treaty provided that Porfirio Díaz and vice president Ramón Corral were to resign by the end of May, and that he was to be replaced by Francisco León de la Barra as interim president who would hold hold presidential elections.
Díaz's advisors had convinced him to end the resistance to the revolution which they saw as futile, and also because they feared it would become increasingly radical and damage their economic position. Large landowners particularly feared that widespread land redistribution would become inevitable if the war was not ended.
The overall terms of the treaty were remarkably mild, and provided for a general amnesty to all former revolutionaries and demobilization of revolutionary forces. The Mexican Army was to remain intact, which would prove to be a mistake. Madero and his supporters were granted the right to appoint fourteen provisional state governors and to approve the Interim President's cabinet selections. The Mexican civil service, including judges, state legislators, and local officials remained in place. Pensions for the families of Federal soldiers killed in the revolution were to be created.
This reflected Madero's nature, and was admirable, but would prove to be a mistake. Leaving the enemies of democracy, from defeated Confederates of the American Civil War, to Donald Trump the insurrectionist, unpunished, only leads to their desire to regain the ground they lost.
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Madero called a five day ceasefire upon learning that Porfirio Díaz had agreed to resign as President of Mexico.
On the same day Pancho Villa and Italian soldier of fortune Giuseppi Garibaldi almost had a deadly confrontation inside the Hotel Sheldon in downtown El Paso, Texas. The nearly deadly event was prevented by US Secret Service members with Villa being disarmed and sent back to Juarez. Italian anarchists were loitering around at this point not sure what to do in light of the conflict winding down. Their presence, however, shows how outside elements viewed the revolution.
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Madero was declaring that if Diaz did not step down, his forces would march on Mexico City.
A Protestant pastor, the same issue of the Casper noted, apparently didn't really understand the nature of the Sacrament of Confession.
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Francisco I. Madero set up a provisional cabinet and declared himself the head of the provisional government following the capture of Juarez by his troops.
Zapata's forces moved to encircle Cuautla in Morelos.
American site seers crossed from El Paso into Juarez to see the just captured city.
Taft clearly demonstrated that he had a much better understanding on what intervening in foreign locations with arms meant as compared to our current "president".
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Porfirio Díaz issued a "manifesto" declaring that he would eventually resign as President of Mexico but not until Madero's efforts to overthrow him ceased.
A promise to leave that came about in a war caused by a promise to leave was not likely to be successful.
Socialist Magonistas deployed outside of Tijuana in preparation to attack the small village.
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One third of Bangor Maine was destroyed by fire.
A ceasefire was declared in the civil war in Mexico as Madero and Diaz agreed to hold talks.
The Second Battle of Bauche took place as part of the larger Battle of Ciudad Juarez.
News was spreading on the American soldier of fortune attack at Mexicali.
These troops had crossed from California and were mostly radical Socialist, showing the different character of the revolution in some part of Mexico. Largely forgotten now, American Socialist took a strong early interest in the revolution including such notables as Emma Goldberg.
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The First Battle of Ciudad Juárez commenced at the border city with 1,500 men under the command of Maduro, 500 under Villa and another 500 under Orozco, with American mercenaries under Captain E.L Holmdahl and Captain Karl Linderfeldt, launching their assault on Temosachi and Bauche.
The surrounded the city, which retained only one route to the outside.
Long time readers here may recognize Linderfeldt for his role at Ludlow, Colorado, which of course lay in the future at this point in time.
Linderfelt had served in the Philippine Insurrection and in China with the U.S. Army and Colorado National Guard. He's also served in the Mexican Army in 1911 and his name was in the Colorado newspapers frequently due to that at the time, usually under his nickname "Monte". Prior to the 1913 mine labor troubles in Colorado, he's been working as a mine guard. He was activated again during the Puntive expedition and then again for World War One, during which he rose to the rank of Colonel in the Colorado National Guard in spite of Ludlow. His name was frequently in the news in the teens, with the papers being very hostile to him at first, but later more sympathetic as the Punitive Expedition and World War One rolled on. The troops he was in command of did deploy to France, but not until October 1918, making it unlikely that hey saw much, if any, wartime combat. In 1919 he purchased a farm in Custer County, Colorado. In 1922, however, he was being foreclosed upon. He died at age 80 in 1957, at which time he was living in Los Angeles.
Homdahl had fought in the Spanish American War and the Philippine Insurrection, joining the Army at age 15, under Lee Christmas in Central America, and then as a mercenary in the Mexican Revolution. He's serve in the U.S. Army during World War One. He's one of the people accused of stealing Pancho Villa's head.
Unlike Linderfeldt, Homdahl served the revolutionary side for most of the Revolution, before becoming disenchanted with Pancho Villa. He had some fairly substantial commands under Madero. In 1915 he was convicted in the U.S., along with some other Mexican Revolutionaries, of violating the neutrality laws. He turned against Villa shortly thereafter and sought to join the U.S. Army as an officer, which was denied to him because of his conviction.
During the Punitive Expedition he seems to have served as a scout for the U.S. Army, although the details are murky as the records were destroyed after the event. He began an extensive campaign to be pardoned which paid off in July 1917, although it also exhausted his financial resources. He thereafter rejoined the Army, but with difficulty due to prior wounds at first disqualifying him.
After the war he was a prospector and spent time searching for the "buried gold" of Pancho Villa. As noted, he's suspected of having stolen Pancho Villa's head, but he's not the only suspect. He died in April, 1963.
Linderfeldt certainly lived a life of adventure, but not a wholly admirable life. Linderfeldt certainly didn't live a wholly admirable life.
The Department of Justice obtained its first conviction of a member of the Black Hand, that being of Gianni Alongi for his role in sending death threats to butcher shop owner Garmila Marsala.
A fire at the Price-Pancoast Colliery at Throop, Pennsylvania, near Scranton, Pennsylvania, killed 73 coal miners, many of them boys.
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Madero's forces unsuccessfully attacked government troops at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua.
Samuel J. Battle was sworn in as the first black officer of the New York Police Department.
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