Showing posts with label Evansville Wyoming. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Evansville Wyoming. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 6, 2022

Thursday, July 6, 1922. Casper and Oil

The big news in Casper was that the Texas Company, generally referred to as Texaco, was coming to Casper.  It would build a refinery on the edge of what became Evansville, referred to in these articles as the lands belonging to the Evans Holding Company.


The refinery was one of three in operation here when I was young, including the giant Standard Oil Refinery and the Sinclair Refinery, the latter of which had been built originally by Husky Petroleum.  Only the Sinclair Refinery remains in operation.  The Texaco refinery closed in 1982.  The Standard Oil Refinery closed for good in 1991.

Friday, May 15, 2020

The Pandemic and Food, Part Three. A Good, Affordable, Steak

Then news headlines have been full of stories about there being a crisis in the meat industry.


Indeed, I'll be curious how this shakes out.  The crisis is frankly not really being deeply pondered, but my prediction is that it'll be used as an excuse by those who promote the deeply unnatural vegetarian and vegan diets as a reason to go unnatural. That shouldn't occur.

Rather, it should be a cry to go local.

So what's going on with meat?



Well, what is not going on is an increase in the price of beef on the hoof.  No, what's happened is another example of what we discussed in Part Two of this series, a disruption in the food supply chain.

Indeed, the food distribution system for meat sort of resembles a doubly frayed knot, and that's the problem.  Beef or pigs come in from producers all over the country. When they're ready to ship, they're sold to the second tier of the system which usually feeds them out.  From there they go, if you will, to the knot, or knots, which are the packers.

Now, a bit of disclosure, which also serves as an example.

My family has a close connection to the packing industry in a couple of ways. Today, we're a producer.  We raise cattle. But in the 1920s, 30s and 40s, we were packers.

My grandfather left his home in Dyersville Iowa for the first time around 1914.  He was 13.

Dyersville Iowa in 1912, when my grandfather would have been eleven years old and two years before he left school and first left Dyersville.

He left school because he was unhappy with the school itself.  That's another story and this isn't the time for it, but that was the reason.  He asked his parents if he could leave and go to work, and at that time and place, Dyersville Iowa of 1914 or 1915, they said yes.  It wasn't as unusual as it sounds

He went to San Francisco.  I don't know why, but he did. And when he got there, he took a job as an office boy for the Cunard Ship Line.

That seems really shocking, but the occupation of office boy, which we've touched on before, was as common white collar introductory job at the time.  I dealt with it, sort of, here:



As  noted in that thread, two of my ancestors held this job and for both of them it was the introductory job into the office.  One of them, a maternal great grandfather, worked for the same company the rest of his life, rising to the position of CEO of it.  Andrew Carnegie secured his entry into the work world basically the same way.

In my grandfather's case, I know little about his time in San Francisco.  One thing that I think would surprise people, however, is that merely being on your own at an early age at the time didn't make you an indigent nor necessarily a candidate for a street gang.  Young workers were pretty common and while most of them lived at home, not all of them did. For kids like my grandfather, the Church provided a strong cultural center and likely explains how they were able to live away from home.  A good example of the central role of churches in the mid 20th Century can be found in another context in the film Brooklyn and while that film's plot strays to a degree from the likely course of its subjects, the strong central feature of the church, or more accurately Apostolic churches, for those who were members of them, is correct.

At some point, at least if a later obituary is correct, he returned to Dyersville.*  I don't know how long he worked for Cunard, but it was long enough that they gave him a framed portrait of a ship when he left.  So it must have been awhile.  Anyhow, he apparently returned to his large family in Dyersville.

Cunard ship Saxonia.  Cunard was a big ship line at the time.

In Dyersville, our family owned a store and some other business interests.  The family had come to Dyersville from Westphalia in the 1850s and established a successful general store there.  A successor store, a pharmacy, still existed the last time I checked.  The general store, being a general store, dealt in all goods, including livestock.

Again, according to the obituary,  he came back to Dyersville at some point.  I should know more, but the people I'd really have to rely upon for those details, are largely gone now.  Anyhow, he left again in 1924.  So, some time after 1915 he came back and he worked, most likely at the store with his parents and siblings, in Dyersville.  Of note, having been born in October 1901, even though he'd been working since at least 1915, he was still too young to enter the service in the fall of 1918 when the World War One ended.  At that time, he'd just turned 17 years old.

In 1924, at age 23, he went to work in  Denver Colorado for Cudahy Meat Packing.**

In 1925 he married Katheryn Hennessy, formerly of Leadville, Colorado, but who was now living in Denver with her family as part of a community or relocated Leadville residents.  Leadville was already past its prime at the time.  They likely met at church, indeed they almost certainly did, and the marriage had an interesting American pattern to it.  He was of 100% German Westphalian extraction.  She was of 100% Irish extraction.  They were both, however, Roman Catholics.  They were also unusually the exact same age, 24.

Victor Colorado in 1900, the year before my grandmother was born there.  Victor is very near Leadville.

His role there wasn't on the killing floor.  Rather, he went right into the office at age 23, which made sense as he already had office and business experience.  It seems shocking to us now, but this sort of thing wasn't unusual at the time.  He was familiar with business as he'd worked as an office boy, an established entry level white collar job, and he'd worked in a family business.  

He stayed there, rising up on the Denver operation, until 1937, in what amounted to a transfer, and worked for Swift Packing in Scottsbluff Nebraska (the plant was actually in nearby Gering).***  At some time after that he became interested in the packing plant in Casper Wyoming, which he bought in the early 1940s.  It's not exactly clear but it seems he may have bought it and operated it in Casper for a time before moving the family up from Scottsbluff,  likely because it was a very major expenditure.  Be that as it may, the family had moved up to Casper during World War Two.  My father had recollection of the home front in the region from both Scottsbluff Nebraska and Casper.  To complete the family side of the story, in 1949 he died at age 48, having just sold the creamery that he also bought.

 This is the former packing plant as it looks today.  It didn't look like this in the 1940s.  Indeed, the structures on the right, in this photo, were the original structures from the 1920s and were brick.  After the packing plant closed this property was purchased by a welding company which experienced a fire on the site a couple of decades ago.  It's current appearance reflects its time as a welding shop.

The back of the old packing house.  Packing houses were always built on rail frontage as cattle and beef were principally shipped by rail at the time.

The packing plant that he purchased had been built in 1921 by another family and it was also a family operation.  They were quickly up and running and marketed all meat products of all types, as well as related products like lard, directly to stores and directly.


The location was a logical one.  Casper was dead center in the the livestock range of Wyoming and also the center of business activity for the central part of the state.  The packing house took cattle in all over from central Wyoming and likewise marketed it all over as well.


In order to do that, of course, it had not only a plant, but associated farm ground as well.  Packing houses have to feed out cattle, and the company did.****


The original owners, as already noted, sold it after operating it for about twenty years, to my grandfather. We operated it, and acquired a creamery, until the late 1940s, when death intervened to stop it. At that time my father had just graduated from high school and was in junior college.  His death put the family in a financial crisis of sorts that they adjusted to by selling the plant.  

The plant itself continued in operation until the 1970s.  By that time the massive consolidation of the packing industry was well under way.  In its later years it made only Slim Jims, a beef stick product of General Mills.  While I was never really clear on what the story was, I know that as a child there were family grumblings about how the new owners were running it, with the though generally being that it wasn't being run well.  Having said that, as my father once explained to me, packing houses actually operate on a small economic margin, or at least they did.  So it was impossible after a time for local packing houses to compete against the consolidating national ones.

And that's a huge problem.

It's a huge problem economically, and as it turns out, it's a huge problem in a time of crisis, such as this one.

In the novel Red Storm Rising Tom Clancy imagined a third world war breaking out between the NATO powers and the Soviet Union. The war was precipitated, in the novel, by an Islamist engineer setting off a devastating terrorist attack inside of an oil gathering facility in the southern Soviet Union.  Clancy, whose novels were always extremely well researched, theorized that the consolidation of petroleum gathering infrastructure within the USSR made it vulnerable to a singular attack such as the one he imagined.  Clancy, being who he was, was probably correct on that.  Clancy went on to imagine that the attack largely took out Soviet oil production and caused the Soviets to gamble on an attack on the West before oil starvation put them in a position that would put them on their knees to the west.

The irony of this is that the American corporate capitalist infrastructure on some thing is similarly vulnerable and, as we've learned since the 1990s, not only to terrorism.  Indeed, so far the United States has escaped a devastating attack of that type and its frankly is probably largely immune from an attack disrupting the economy as the American economy is so vast and its infrastructure so large.  But it isn't immune from an attack of much larger, natural, forces.

Giant Gulf coast refinery at Port Arthur, Texas. The Gulf Coast from Houston in Port Arthur is practically one giant refinery.

We learned that, or should have, form Gulf hurricanes of the past two decades that had the impact of massively disrupting the petroleum refining infrastructure.  The US still refines petroleum in the nation's interior, but a massive shift has occurred in the system since the 1970s.  Up until then, petroleum tended to be refined near where it was produced as crude.  Starting with the 1970s, however, it started to be produced in giant refineries along the Gulf coast.  Now most of it is refined there and local refineries are basically hanging on until their practical extended life ceases.  The petroleum industry doesn't build refineries in Wyoming, Nebraska, or Oklahoma anymore, it builds them in Texas on the Gulf.

Indeed, just looking around will reveal that.  Casper Wyoming was the home of three refineries up until the 1970s.  Now it has one.  In the 1940s, and perhaps later, Laramie had a refinery.  That's long in the past.  Midwest and Glenrock once had refineries.  The same story could be played out all over Wyoming and the oil producing regions of the US.

Petroleum isn't meat, of course, but the analogy is interesting similar.  Natrona County Wyoming had four refineries, three in Casper and one in Midwest, as the oil was produced here and in neighboring counties.  It still is, but now it has only one. That oil is going elsewhere to be refined.

Likewise, Casper had a meat packing plant as the beef was raised here.  It still is.  Now that beef is going elsewhere.

And hence the infrastructure weakness.  When hurricanes damage Gulf refineries it hurts the entire nation.

And when a viral storm hits the United States and impacts a meat packing plant, that's now the case for the US as well.

This need not be the case at all.

All of the constituents to feed out and pack beef that existed in the 1940s in Wyoming and Nebraska still do.  Near Casper Wyoming, where we've been discussing, there are still not only many ranches, but there's also production agriculture to the west of the city.  Scottsbluff, which we've also been discussing, remains even more ideally suited for packing.

And if that was the case, that local packer would employ locals at wages that are better than Walmart wages.  Not only people in the plant either, but truck drivers and professionals whose work would be ancillary to the plant.  Indeed, drivers, lawyers, doctors accountants, etc. etc.

And farmers too, in an era in which farm ground is constantly under threat from development.

And yet the nearest meat packing plant today is the Monfort plant in Greeley Colorado, which belongs to the Brazilian ag production giant JBS.  That ownership alone says something, and not something good either.

When my grandfather owned the local packing plant, two Marine Corps veterans came home from World War Two and founded a local grocery store, something else that's a thing of the past.  When they did that, they found they were short of cash and couldn't stock their meat counter.  My grandfather provided them the meat on credit.  I.e., he let them pay for it when they later could, which they did.  They were so grateful for it that they mentioned it on a radio interview decades later and repeatedly mentioned to me whenever I happened to stop in the store.

A big chain packer isn't going to do that.


*As this story developed, he died in his 40s and perhaps because of that I not only never knew him, or my other grandfather who also died before I was born, but most of the information I have about him was from my father and his siblings.  Perhaps because of his early death, which occured on the birthday of one of my aunts, they did not speak a good deal about their early lives. They did some, but not as much as a person normally does.  I think the event was simply too painful.

When they did, it tended to come in the form of singular stories that were unlikely to be repeated again, and their focus varied by the teller.  Stories told by my aunts were on different topics than my father.   Details on their grandparents were extremely rare, and if they were told were much, much more likely to be about their grandparents in Denver, perhaps because my grandmother of that line lived much longer than my grandfather.  Indeed, they were more likely to speak about their Colorado grandparents and even some Colorado relatives than their early lives and father.  This began to change once they were in their fifties, but not before then.

This being the case, a few details here are pulled from an obituary, which includes a few details that I wasn't previously aware of.  Knowing that obituaries are always pulled together from details provided by a family under stress, I wonder if some of them are in error.  For example, the obituary relates that he left Cudahy in 1938, but I know that it was 1937.  The obituary also relates that he purchased the local packing plant in 1945, but another one pulled from Nebraska suggests that it was actually in the early 1940s and he moved the family up a bit later, probably due to economic reasons.  I know that he was working in Scottsbluff in the early years of World War Two but I also know that the family was well established in Casper by 1945, and I know that the plant had World War Two era contracts and regulations it had to adhere to, so I suspect the plant was likely purchased around 1943 at hte latest but that it took some time so save the money to buy a house in Casper and that likely came in 1944 or 1945.

The information that he was in Dyersville at age 23 and moved from there is solely taken from the obituary which omits any reference to his having lived in San Francisco. I suspect that at the time of his death San Francisco, which he certainly wasn't ashamed of given his keeping of the Cunard photograph in his office, was something that was simply omitted as too difficult to accurately relate at the time of his death.  However, I cannot discount that the age of "23" was an error for "13", which may have well have occured at the newspaper obit printing level.

**Cudahy was actually Armour Cudahy, with Armour being famous for meat products in other contexts, including the famous early 20th Century military "Armour Rations".  It had been founded in Omaha in 1887.  In 1981 Cudahy was purchased by Bar S Foods.  It was subsequently sold to Mexican packer Sigma Aliamentos in 2010.

***The Gering plant was recently demolished.  It had been out of use since the early 2000s.

****Today that farm ground has all been developed as part of the Town of Evansville Wyoming.

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Related Threads:

The Pandemic and Food, Part Two.


The Pandemic And The Table, Part 1.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Today In Wyoming's History: January 20, 1920.

Today In Wyoming's History: January 201920  Bert Cole, who was the pilot in the incident that resulted in the loss of the life of Maude Toomey on the January 14, was already back in the air, piloting for a stunt.







I'm frankly a little shocked. That seems awfully soon.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Blog Mirror. Some Gave All: Maud Toomey Memorial, Evansville Wyoming

Related to an item we posted a couple of days ago.



Some Gave All: Maud Toomey Memorial, Evansville Wyoming:

Maud Toomey Memorial, Evansville Wyoming


Maude Toomey was a 33 year old high school Latin teacher, and an oil company bookkeeper, in Casper when she took a ride as a passenger in a plane owned and piloted by Casperite Bert Cole on January 14, 1920.  Something went tragically wrong during the flight and Cole's plane crashed near what is now the Evansville water treatment plant, which is not far from what was Natrona County's first airport.


A cement cross was placed in the ground at the spot where the plant crashed.  Oddly, no inscription was placed on it, leading to a small element of doubt about its purpose later on when it was rediscovered during the construction of the water treatment plant.  Since that time, an inscription has been placed at its base and the location is now an Evansville park.


Evansville has sort of a unique history in that regard as two of its somber memorials are located in areas where children now play, which is perhaps a more appropriate placement than many might suppose, honoring the dead in a way that they might have appreciated.


These photographs were taken near the centennial of the accident, which contributed to very long shadows, even though they were taken near 1:00 p.m.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

January 14, 1920. Untimely passings.

January 14


1920  The first fatal air accident to occur near Casper occurred, taking the life of pilot Bert Cole and passenger Maud Toomey.   Ms. Toomey is also the first female air fatality in Wyoming.  The very early airport in use at this time was located where the town of Evansville now sits, and a memorial to Ms. Toomey, who was a schoolteacher, is located in Evansville.  Attribution. Wyoming State Historical Society.

On this day, Natrona County suffered its first air fatality.


The location of this tragic accident is in Evansville, Wyoming, where the county's first air field was located.  There's a cross marking the location somewhere in Evansville, but I've never been able to find it.

On the same day, the paper was reporting on the prior days violent clashes in Germany.

Also on this day in 1920, John Francis Dodge, one of the two Dodge brothers who rose from machinist to automobile manufacturer, died from what really amounted to complications from the Spanish Flu.

John Francis Dodge.

Crude by nature, the Dodge's were somewhat of social outcasts, although their vast wealth made them important members of Detroit society none the less.  At the time of his death John Dodge was worth $100,000,000, a vast sum of money now and then.  He was survived by his third wife, Matilda and had outlived his first, Ivy. Both Ivy and Matilda were Canadians by birth.  Matilda had been  his secretary.  His second wife, Isabelle, about whom little is known, was his housekeeper and the marriage was kept secret during his lifetime.

Matilda married well twice and inherited large estates twice, going on to become the first female lieutenant governor of Michigan.  John's younger brother Horace would live only until December, 1920, also dying of complications of the Spanish Flu.  Their deaths sent their car company on the path to being sold to Chrysler in 1925.

The Treasury Department, which enforced Prohibition, was now employing chemists.



Saturday, March 30, 2019

Today In Wyoming's History: Richard's (Reshaw's) Bridge, Evansville Wyoming.

Today In Wyoming's History: Richard's (Reshaw's) Bridge, Evansville Wyoming.:



Richard's (Reshaw's) Bridge, Evansville Wyoming.



Reshaw's Bridge, or more correctly Richard's Bridge, was a frontier North Platte River crossing only a few miles downstream from Platte Bridge and like it, it was guarded by a contingent of soldiers.  As noted in the plaque below, it ultimately closed in favor of the slightly newer Guinard's Bridge, which Richard bought, which ultimately came to be referred to as Platte Bridge.



In 1866, after the bridge had been abandoned, it was dismantled by the soldiers stationed at Platte Bridge Station.





While Platte Bridge Station is remembered for the battle that occurred there, Reshaw's Bridge saw its fair share of action as well.





Indeed, as we've discussed previously on one of our companion blogs, which we'll link in here below, bodies exhumed at the post when Evansville's water treatment facility was built include what are certainly two soldiers and a pioneer woman.  Generally, the Army would reclaim bodies of troops, but my minor efforts to inform the Army of this failed.

From our companion blog, Some Gave All:

Richard's Bridge Cemetary Mausoleum, Evansville Wyoming






This mausoleum was built when at least part of the cemetery of the military post at Richards Bridge was located at the time Evansville, Wyoming built a water plant near the river. The former location of the Frontier Era bridge across the North Platte had not been precisely known up until that time. When three bodies, believed to be the bodies of two soldiers and one woman, were disinterred they were reburied here, on the grounds of the Evansville grade school. The school grounds were the only nearby public land at the time.

This creates a very odd situation in a variety of ways and the mausoleum is not well maintained. While worse fates could exists than spending eternity near a grade school, it is generally the case that the Army has recovered the lost remains of Frontier Era soldiers when they were located, and it would seem that moving these victims of Frontier conditions would be a positive thing to do.

Saturday, May 26, 2018

More folks leave the state in 2017 (are we really that upset about that. . . and what's going on?)

The Casper Star Tribune reported on May 25, that the state continued to loose population in 2017. Casper, the state's second biggest city, dropped down to about 57,000, putting it down to where it had been 20 or more years ago.

Of course, that figure is more than a little off as in the last 20 years Bar Nunn has really grown and so has Mills, so those figures are more than a little offset by the two adjoining communities which make up the larger metropolitan area, together with Evansville.

Still, that's pretty interesting as the price of oil was claiming at the same time.

That might mean something, or nothing at all.

Eh?

That Casper in particular and Wyoming in general lost population in the last several years is no surprise, but in 2017 petroleum and coal prices were stable. For that matter, petroleum prices climbed.  Based on the old model, that should have meant a slow climb in employment figures, but it appears we really aren't seeing that.  Why not?

Well, we actually may be.  They may must just not be as much as expected and there could be an attendant fall in other areas.  But it could also be due to technology.

One thing that has really been missed in the analysis and close watching of petroleum prices is that insiders in the industry have been predicting that when the price of oil climbed and exploration picked up, the return of the exploration end of the industry would feature a much more high tech industry than previously. 

Almost completely missed, but well known to those who are familiar with the industry, is the fact that the last boom featured a combination of a lot of new equipment and a mass amount of old.  When the directional drilling boom hit the United States did not have a lot of high tech rig within its boundaries. We tend not to think of ourselves like this, but our exploration infrastructure really went back to the 1970s.  Given the price of oil between the 1970s and the 1990s there had been no real reason to have high tech rigs in the US, but they did exist.  They were in use in the hot oil provinces overseas.  Indeed, some workers who returned to the US to work in the 1990s boom were shocked about how primitive the industry was here, even as new fracking and directional technologies came in.  One such worker I know wanted to return to the Middle East to work just because he found American rigs so primitive and dangerous.

Things will be different this time.  New rigs started to come in during the 1990s and they are out there now.  As the industry contracted recently it meant the old stuff could go.  Insiders feel that the old stuff won't be coming back.

Does that meant that a predicted drilling boom like that predicted for Converse County will have no impact on the workforce?  Not hardly. But it may wall mean that predictions regarding that could be off significantly. And where that boom may be felt may be quite off the mark.  The petroleum industry, much like other sectors of the economy, may start to be a lot more clicks and storkes than nuts and bolts that it use to be.

Before we leave this, there's a couple of other interesting aspects of this.  One is that at least in Casper the building seems to go on and on even while the population is falling.  It makes no sense at all unless the developers are gambling that there's going to be a big increase in the local population as the drilling starts in the neighboring county.  South Casper has an apartment building going up that, by my uneducated guess, would easily house 1/5th of the entire number of people predicted to be coming in.  Subdivisions continue to be developed, although at a much slower pace than previously. 

Learning what is going on in the real estate industry at any one time is darned near impossible as the industry, like most others, has no real interest in being too open about market conditions at any one time.  However, it can't possibly be the case that there are waiting residents for all of these homes at the same time the population of the town is declining.  If this gamble doesn't pay off for them, there's going to be a real vacant building mess.

Regarding the use of the term "mess", one thing that might not be regarded as a mess, among long time residents, is the decline in population.  It's a dirty little secret of the local view, but quite frankly, most long time or native Wyomingites don't cry about declining population figures.  Indeed, if you look where people are free to comment anonymously, they tend to be happy about it.  The way that most Wyomingites figure it a declining population means that a lot of Texans, Oklahoman's and the like went back home and left those of us from here, here. And most Wyomingites are okay with that.

Which gets us back to a different economy, such as Galeotos has been talking about, and like we've talked about before here.  It's hardly articulated, but what Wyomingites hope for is not so much that any one sector does super, but rather that there are enough jobs for people who grow up here and want to stay. That's a pretty difficult thing to achieve, but that's what folks generally hope for.  The booming dreams of politicians tend not to really reflect their views very much.