The Llano County, Texas Sheriff A. J. Strickland and a party of Texas Rangers captured Johnny Ringo and George Gladdin of Tombstone fame. He'd been participating in the Mason County War.
The Bengal Cyclone of 1876 struck Bangladesh killing approximately 200,000 people.
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Grant revoked the Chiricahua Reserve.
Executive Order—Revocation of Chiricahua Reserve
October 30, 1876
EXECUTIVE MANSION, October 30, 1876.
It is hereby ordered that the order of December 14, 1872, setting apart the following-described lands in the Territory of Arizona as a reservation for certain Apache Indians, viz: Beginning at Dragoon Springs, near Dragoon Pass, and running thence northeasterly along the north base of the Chiricahua Mountains, to a point on the summit of Peloncillo Mountains, or Stevens Peak Range; thence running south-easterly along said range through Stevens Peak to the boundary of New Mexico; thence running south to the boundary of Mexico; thence running westerly along said boundary 56 miles; thence running northerly, following substantially the western base of the Dragoon Mountains. to the place of beginning, be, and the same is hereby, canceled, and said lands are restored to the public domain.
U. S. GRANT
This has a peculiar history.
Grant was revoking the Chiricahua Reservation that had been set up in 1872, part of a series of on again, off again Apache Reservations in the Southwest, and in this case Arizona. In April he'd earlier shrunk the size of the White Mountain Reservation. The Indian Wars were very much on, of course, in 1876 and they'd remain on for along time thereafter in regard to the Apaches which are a group of bands, not one single band. The land ultimately became the Chiricahua National Monument. On October 20 of this year Donald Trump signed a law making the monument a National Park. In September of this year the Fort Sill Apaches purchased 55 acres of the old reservation which had been the territory of Cochise.
No formal treaty had ever been entered into concerning the Chiricahua Reserve and therefore there was nothing to restrain a unliteral executive move such as this.
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Moses Embree "California Joe" Milner was shot in the back by Tom Newcomb at Ft. Robinson in what was apparently the terminal episode in a feud between the two men over who was responsible for the murder of John Richard and his nephew, Alfred Pallardie at a Sioux camp. Newcomb blamed Milner and Milner blamed Newcomb.
Milner was from Kentucky originally but had been in various Western locations since age 14. He'd serviced as a scout for Custer and Crook. He was 47 years old.
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The 4th and 5th Cavalry, under the command of Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie and Brigadier General George Crook, encircled Red Clouds band, which had not participated in the Great Sioux War, near Ft. Robinson and disarmed them.
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The Battle of Cedar Creek broke out after Sitting Bull and Nelson Miles met and failed to reach an agreement, which in the case of Miles, amounted to the total surrender of Sitting Bull. The talks are famously depicted in the film Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee.
There were divisions in Sitting Bull's camp by this time, with some of his followers wishing to return to the reservation. Sitting Bull was adamant that they not do so. His position with Miles was that the Army should leave Sioux territory. In his camp he threatened to kill departing subordinates.
In the fight, the Sioux broke and fled up to 40 or so miles. Miles captured quantities of Sioux supplies. Sitting Bull lost followers who soon surrendered to Miles and after the battle he made up his mind to retreat into Canada. Miles prepared for a winter campaign.
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October 18, 1876
Proclamation 232—Law and Order in the State of South Carolina
October 17, 1876
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
Whereas it has been satisfactorily shown to me that insurrection and domestic violence exist in several counties of the State of South Carolina, and that certain combinations of men against law exist in many counties of said State known as "rifle clubs," who ride up and down by day and night in arms, murdering some peaceable citizens and intimidating others, which combinations, though forbidden by the laws of the State, can not be controlled or suppressed by the ordinary course of justice; and
Whereas it is provided in the Constitution of the United States that the United States shall protect every State in this Union, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence; and
Whereas by laws in pursuance of the above it is provided (in the laws of the United States) that in all cases of insurrection in any State or of obstruction to the laws thereof it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, on application of the legislature of such State, or of the executive (when the legislature can not be convened), to call forth the militia of any other State or States, or to employ such part of the land and naval forces as shall be judged necessary, for the purpose of suppressing such insurrection or causing the laws to be duly executed; and
Whereas the legislature of said State is not now in session and can not be convened in time to meet the present emergency, and the executive of said State, under section 4 of Article IV of the Constitution of the United States and the laws passed in pursuance thereof, has therefore made due application to me in the premises for such part of the military force of the United States as may be necessary and adequate to protect said State and the citizens thereof against domestic violence and to enforce the due execution of the laws; and
Whereas it is required that whenever it may be necessary, in the judgment of the President, to use the military force for the purpose aforesaid, he shall forthwith, by proclamation, command such insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective homes within a limited time:
Now, therefore, I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, do hereby make proclamation and command all persons engaged in said unlawful and insurrectionary proceedings to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes within three days from this date, and hereafter abandon said combinations and submit themselves to the laws and constituted authorities of said State.
And I invoke the aid and cooperation of all good citizens thereof to uphold the laws and preserve the public peace.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, this 17th day of October, A.D. 1876, and of the Independence of the United States one hundred and one.
U.S. GRANT.
By the President:
JOHN L. CADWALADER,
Acting Secretary of State.
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A Republican, and therefore heavily African American, political meeting was scheduled for the Brick House at Conhoy, South Carolina. Given recent racist violence against them, hundreds of black militiamen were present. Democratic clubs from Charleston County showed up and demanded equal time to speak, a fight broke out, and shots were fired. Six whites and one black in attendance were killed.
Gen. Terry once again left Ft. Abraham Lincoln, this time with the 17th U.S. Infantry, bound for the Northern Plains.
The last shots in the Spring Creek battle were fired.
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The Army was engaged in combat again with the Sioux at Spring Creek in Montana. A. reinforced U.S. Army supply train led by Lt. Col. Elwell S. Otis fought a 12-hour infantry and fire battle against 400 to 500 Sioux.. An attempt to broker a ceasefire between the parties had failed.
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Construction of Cantonment Reno commenced, after the location of the post having been established two days prior.
This is really interesting for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is that it shows a real change in the Army's strategy for defeating the Sioux. Ever since the end of Red Cloud's War in the 1860s the Army had not maintained a post in the Powder River Basin. Indeed, Cantonment Reno is just a couple of miles away from where Ft. Reno had been. Ft. Reno, Ft. Caspar and Ft. Phil Kearney had all been abandoned after that successful Sioux campaign, ceding hundreds of square miles to Sioux and Cheyenne control. Red Cloud had been enormously successful.
But now the Army was back, and a post like Cantonment Reno was a major interdicting presence on the southeastern edge of the Basin.
Red Cloud's War had concluded in 1868. The Sioux and Cheyenne dominance in the Powder River Basin had been brief.
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The Battle of Cedar Creek1 (Big Dry Creek, Big Dry River) occured in Montana Territory when Sioux warriors attacked a supply train supplying the troops of Nelson Miles which had established winter quarters.
The attack was a failure but would result in a second attack on October 15, Between that time, however, Miles attempted to reach a settlement with Sitting Bull.
Footnotes
1. Not, of course, the Battle of Cedar Creek of October 19, 1864, during the Civil War.
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Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Thomas A. Watson made the first long distance telephone call, the same being between Boston and Cambridge.
The Army received intelligence that the Sioux were approaching the Yellowstone River.
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Territorial Governor John Long Routt was narrowly elected the first State Governor of Colorado in a contest against Democrat Bela M. Hughes.
In contrast to the Governor's race, the State Assembly, the first of which was also chosen on this day, was heavily Republican, something that would become a factor in the upcoming Presidential race.
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Classes were slated to open at Texas A&M for the first time but only a disappointing six students enrolled on that day. Classes were delayed until October 4, when there were 40 students.
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The Seventh Cavalry returned to Fort Abraham Lincoln.
It had fought just one battle during the Yellowstone Expedition, Little Big Horn.
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Many Sioux and Cheyenne who had left reservations earlier remained off them, but none the less a new treaty was being successively signed with various returned bands.
The agreement ceded the Black Hills.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a certain agreement made by George W. Manypenny, Henry B. Whipple, Jared W. Daniels, Albert G. Boone, Henry C. Bulis, Newton Edmunds, and Augustine S. Gaylord, commissioners on the part of the United States, with the different bands of the Sioux Nation of Indians, and also the Northern Arapaho and Cheyenne Indians, be, and the same is hereby, ratified and confirmed: Provided, That nothing in this act shall be construed to authorize the removal of the Sioux Indians to the Indian Territory and the President of the United States is hereby directed to prohibit the removal of any portion of the Sioux Indians to the Indian Territory until the same shall be authorized by an act of Congress hereafter enacted, except article four, except also the following portion of article six: "And if said Indians shall remove to said Indian Territory as hereinbefore provided, the Government shall erect for each of the principal chiefs a good and comfortable dwelling-house" said article not having been agreed to by the Sioux Nation; said agreement is in words and figures following, namely: "Articles of agreement made pursuant to the provisions of an act of Congress entitled 'An act making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the Indian Department, and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various Indian tribes, for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes,' approved August 15, 1876, by and between George W. Manypenny, Henry B. Whipple, Jared W. Daniels, Albert G. Boone, Henry C. Bulis, Newton Edmunds, and Augustine S. Gaylord, commissioners on the part of the United States, and the different bands of the Sioux Nation of Indians, and also the Northern Arapahoes and Cheyennes, by their chiefs and headmen, whose names are hereto subscribed, they being duly authorized to act in the premises.
Boundaries of reduced reservation.
"Article 1. The said parties hereby agree that the northern and western boundaries of the reservation defined by article 2 of the treaty between the United States and different tribes of Sioux Indians, concluded April 29, 1868, and proclaimed February 24, 1869, shall be as follows: The western boundaries shall commence at the intersection of the one hundred and third meridian of longitude with the northern boundary of the State of Nebraska; thence north along said meridian to its intersection with the South Fork of the Cheyenne River; thence down said stream to its junction with the North Fork; thence up the North Fork of said Cheyenne River to the said one hundred and third meridian; thence north along said meridian to the South Branch of Cannon Ball River or Cedar Creek; and the northern boundary of their said reservation shall follow the said South Branch to its intersection with the main Cannon Ball River, and thence down the said main Cannon Ball River to the Missouri River; and the said Indians do hereby relinquish and cede to the United States all the territory lying outside the said reservation, as herein modified and described, including all privileges of hunting; and article 16 of said treaty is hereby abrogated.
Roads, etc., through reservation.
"Article 2. The said Indians also agree and consent that wagon and other roads, not exceeding three in number, may be constructed and maintained, from convenient and accessible points on the Missouri River, through said reservation, to the country lying immediately west thereof, upon such routes as shall be designated by the President of the United States; and they also consent and agree to the free navigation of the Missouri River.
Annuities, where received.
"Article 3. The said Indians also agree that they will hereafter receive all annuities provided by the said treaty of 1868, and all subsistence and supplies which may be provided for them under the present or any future act of Congress, at such points and places on the said reservation, and in the vicinity of the Missouri River, as the President of the United States shall designate.
Delegation to select home in Indian Territory.
Article 4 not confirmed.
Removal within one year.
"Article 4. [The Government of the United States and the said Indians, being mutually desirous that the latter shall be located in a country where they may eventually become self-supporting and acquire the arts of civilized life, it is therefore agreed that the said Indians shall select a delegation of five or more chiefs and principal men from each band, who shall, without delay, visit the Indian Territory under the guidance and protection of suitable persons, to be appointed for that purpose by the Department of the Interior, with a view to selecting therein a permanent home for the said Indians. If such delegation shall make a selection which shall be satisfactory to themselves, the people whom they represent, and to the United States, then the said Indians agree that they will remove to the country so selected within one year from this date. And the said Indians do further agree in all things to submit themselves to such beneficent plans as the Government may provide for them in the selection of a country suitable for a permanent home, where they may live like white men.]
Assistance, schools, rations, purchase of surplus, employment.
Sioux rations.
How issued.
Government will purchase surplus production.
"Article 5. In consideration of the foregoing cession of territory and rights, and upon full compliance with each and every obligation assumed by the said Indians, the United States does agree to provide all necessary aid to assist the said Indians in the work of civilization; to furnish to them schools and instruction in mechanical and agricultural arts, as provided for by the treaty of 1868. (Also to provide the said Indians with subsistence consisting of a ration for each individual of a pound and a half of beef, (or in lieu thereof, one half pound of bacon,) one-half pound of flour, and one-half pound of corn; and for every one hundred rations, four pounds of coffee, eight pounds of sugar, and three pounds of beans, or in lieu of said articles the equivalent thereof, in the discretion of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Such rations, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be continued until the Indians are able to support themselves.) Rations shall, in all cases, be issued to the head of each separate family; and whenever schools shall have been provided by the Government for said Indians, no rations shall be issued for children between the ages of six and fourteen years (the sick and infirm excepted) unless such children shall regularly attend school. Whenever the said Indians shall be located upon lands which are suitable for cultivation, rations shall be issued only to the persons and families of those persons who labor, (the aged, sick, and infirm excepted;) and as an incentive to industrious habits the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may provide that such persons be furnished in payment for their labor such other necessary articles as are requisite for civilized life. The Government will aid said Indians as far as possible in finding a market for their surplus productions, and in finding employment, and will purchase such surplus, as far as may be required, for supplying food to those Indians, parties to this agreement, who are unable to sustain themselves; and will also employ Indians, so far as practicable, in the performance of Government work upon their reservation.
Erection of houses on allotments.
So much of articles as is embraced in the brackets is not confirmed.
"Article 6. Whenever the head of a family shall, in good faith, select an allotment of said land upon such reservation and engage in the cultivation thereof, the Government shall, with his aid, erect a comfortable house on such allotment; [and if said Indians shall remove to said Indian Territory as hereinbefore provided, the Government shall erect for each of the principal chiefs a good and comfortable dwelling-house.]
Artisans and other employees to be married, etc.
Unfit persons to receive no benefits.
"Article 7. To improve the morals and industrious habits of said Indians, it is agreed that the agent, trader, farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, and other artisans employed or permitted to reside within the reservation belonging to the Indians, parties to this agreement, shall be lawfully married and living with their respective families on the reservation; and no person other than an Indian of full blood, whose fitness, morally or otherwise, is not, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, conducive to the welfare of said Indians, shall receive any benefit from this agreement or former treaties, and may be expelled from the reservation.
In force.
Indians subject to laws of United States.
"Article 8. The provisions of the said treaty of 1868, except as herein modified, shall continue in full force, and, with the provisions of this agreement, shall apply to any country which may hereafter be occupied by the said Indians as a home; and Congress shall, by appropriate legislation, secure to them an orderly government; they shall be subject to the laws of the United States, and each individual shall be protected in his rights of property, person, and life.
Indians pledged to this agreement.
Police force.
"Article 9. The Indians, parties to this agreement, do hereby solemnly pledge themselves, individually and collectively, to observe each and all of the stipulations herein contained, to select allotments of land as soon as possible after their removal to their permanent home, and to use their best efforts to learn to cultivate the same. And they do solemnly pledge themselves that they will at all times maintain peace with the citizens and Government of the United States; that they will observe the laws thereof and loyally endeavor to fulfill all the obligations assumed by them under the treaty of 1868 and the present agreement, and to this end will, whenever requested by the President of the United States, select so many suitable men from each band to co-operate with him in maintaining order and peace on the reservation as the President may deem necessary, who shall receive such compensation for their services as Congress may provide.
Annual census to be taken in December.
"Article 10. In order that the Government may faithfully fulfill the stipulations contained in this agreement, it is mutually agreed that a census of all Indians affected hereby shall be taken in the month of December of each year, and the names of each head of family and adult person registered; said census to be taken in such manner as the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may provide.
Term "reservation."
"Article 11. It is understood that the term reservation herein contained shall be held to apply to any country which shall be selected under the authority of the United States as the future home of said Indians.
Agreement subject to approval.
"This agreement shall not be binding upon either party until it shall have received the approval of the President and Congress of the United States.
Signatures.
"Dated and signed at Red Cloud agency, Nebraska, September 26, 1876.
"GEORGE W. MANYPENNY. [SEAL.]
"HENRY B. WHIPPLE. [SEAL.]
"J. W. DANIELS. [SEAL.]
"ALBERT G. BOONE. [SEAL.]
"H. C. BULIS. [SEAL.]
"NEWTON EDMUNDS. [SEAL.]
"A. S. GAYLORD. [SEAL.]
"Attest:
"Charles M. Hendley,
"Secretary.
"OGALLALLA SIOUX—CHIEFS AND HEADMEN
"Marpiya-luta, (Red Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunke-kokipe, (Afraid-of-his-Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-luta, (Red Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Taopi-cikala, (Little Wound,) his x mark, seal.
"Waxicun-taxunke, (American Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-kokipa, (Afraid-of-the-Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-yamni, (Three Bears,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-peta, (Fire-Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-luza, (Fast Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-ho-waxte, (Crow-with-a-good-voice,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-ayuwi, (Turning Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Itunkassan-waumli, (Weasel-Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Warpe-xa, (Red Leaf,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixta-peta, (Fire Eyes, or White Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Pte-san-wicaxa, (Man White Cow,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-tanka, (Big Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-waxte, (Good Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunkikyuha, (Sorrel Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Itunkasan-mato, (Weasel-Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wahukeza-nonpa, (Two-Lance,) his x mark, seal.
"Owe-xica, (Bad Wound,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wankantu, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Tokicu, (He-takes-the-Enemy,) his x mark, seal.
"Akcita, (Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Ite-glega, (Stupid Face, or Slow Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunmanito wankantu, (High Wolf,) his x mark, seal.
"Si-tanka, (Big Foot,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-ska, (White Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunki-to, (Blue Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"ARAPAHOES
"Black Coal, his x mark, seal.
"Crazy Bull, his x mark, seal.
"Little Wolf, his x mark, seal.
"Sharp Nose, his x mark, seal.
"Six Feathers, his x mark, seal.
"White Horse, his x mark, seal.
"CHEYENNES
"Living Bear, his x mark, seal.
"Spotted Elk, his x mark, seal.
"Black Bear, his x mark, seal.
"Turkey Legs, his x mark, seal.
"Calfskin Shirt, his x mark, seal.
"Dated and signed at Spotted Tail agency, Nebraska, September 23, 1876.
"BRULE SIOUX
"Sinta-gleska, (Spotted Tail,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-luza, (Swift Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Nom-karpa, (Two Strike,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-ska, (White Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Heraka-najou, (Standing Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Hi toto, (Blue Teeth,) his x mark, seal.
"Baptiste Good, his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-sapa, (Black Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunke-wakita, (Looking Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-ocin-xica, (Wicked Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wamli-cikala, (Little Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-luta, (Red Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Tacampi-to, (Blue Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-luza, (Fast Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Miwatani-hanska, (Tall Mandan,) his x mark, seal.
"Hitunkasan-luta, (Red Weasel,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakan, (Sacred Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Muggins, his x mark, seal.
"Ixnalawica, (Only Male,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-can-wegna-iyaye, (Bear-in-the-wood,) his x mark, seal.
"Hobu, (Coarse Voice,) his x mark, seal.
"No Flesh, (Conica-wanica,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-waukantu, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wicampi-tanka, (Big Star,) his x mark, seal.
"Akan-ka-kte, (Killed-on-horseback,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixta-ska-ska, (White Eyes,) his x mark, seal.
"Wamnionmi-akcita, (Whirlwind Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-cangleska, (Ring Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-wamli, (Thunder Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Xkeca-guaxkingan, (Crazy Mink,) his x mark, seal.
"Ho waxte, (Good Voice,) his x mark, seal.
"Ta-kudankokipexni, (Afraid-of-nothing,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-peta, (Fire heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Wapaswapi, (Roast,) his x mark, seal.
"Itecantku-ze, (Yellow Breast,) his x mark, seal.
"Maza-wanapinya, (Iron Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"Sinte-gleska-holkxila, (Young Spotted Tail,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wanagi, (Bear Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-ixlala, (Lone Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Pte-samvicaxa, (White Buffalo man,) his x mark, seal.
"Maz-ixta, (Iron Eyes,) his x mark, seal.
"Asanpi, (Milk,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetanwamli, (Eagle Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"I certify that the foregoing treaty was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Indians, before signing, and that the same was executed by the above Ogallalla Sioux, Cheyennes, and Arapahoes, at Red Cloud agency, on the 20th day of September, A.D. 1876, and by the Brule Sioux at Spotted Tail agency on the 23rd day of September, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
"Attest:
"Louis Bordeaux,
"William Garnett,
"William Roland,
"Henry C. Clifford
"Interpreters.
Consent of Sioux at Standing Rock.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the chiefs and headmen of the various bands of Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Standing Rock agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article four of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Standing Rock agency, Territory of Dakota, this 11th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"LOWER YANCTONAIS
"Mato-nonpa, (Two Bears,) his x mark, seal.
"Tashunka-kokipapi, (He fears his horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Waha, (Cotton Wood,) his x mark, seal.
"Hogan-duta, (Red Fish,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-Gnashkinyan, (Mad Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Cokamti, (Camp in Middle,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-wanagi, (Bull's Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Waonzonge, (Pantaloons,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato chitika, (Brave Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Can-Icu, (Drag Wood,) his x mark, seal.
"Iyayog-manni, (Walk out of the way,) his x mark, seal.
"Igmu-sapa, (Black Wild Cat,) his x mark, seal.
"Akicita cikala, (Little Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Canhpi-sapa, (Black Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Hahaka-maza, (Iron Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Inyang-mani, (Running Walker,) his x mark, seal.
"Tashunka-witko, (Fool Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Wanmli-napin, (Eagle Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"UPPER YANCTONAIS
"Nasulan-tanka, (Big Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Shunkaha-napin, (Wolf Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"Ishta-sapa, (Black Eye,) his x mark, seal.
"Tahinca-ska, (White Deer,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-luta, (Red Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Maga, (Goose,) his x mark, seal.
"Tacanonpa, (His Pipe,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-witko, (Fool Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakantuya, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-pa, (Bull Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Shunka-wanjila, (Lone Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Nape-tanka, (Big Hand,) his x mark, seal.
"UNCPAPAS
"Cetan-wakinyan, (Thunder Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato cuwiyuksa, (Bear Rib,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatoke-inyanke, (Running Antelope,) his x mark, seal.
"He-maza, (Iron Horn,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakute-mani, (Walking Shooter,) his x mark, seal.
"Akicita-hanska, (Long Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Wicasha-wakan, (Medicine Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Ishta-ska, (White Eye,) his x mark, seal.
"Zitkala-sapa, (Black Bird,) his x mark, seal.
"Nape-shica, (Bad Hand,) his x mark, seal.
"Wahukeza-luta, (Scarlet Lance,) his x mark, seal.
"BLACKFEET
"Peji, (John Grass,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-iyotanka, (Sitting Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-pete, (Fire Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Zitkala-wankantuya, (High Bird,) his x mark, seal.
"Nata-opi, (Wounded Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Tashunka-luta, (Red Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-luta, (Red Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest:
"R. E. Johnston
"Captain First Infantry, Bvt. Lieut. Col.,
"U.S.A., Acting Indian Agent.
"W. D. Wolverton,
"Surgeon U.S.A.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Standing Rock agency, Dak, on the 11th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
"Attest:
"Louis Agard,
"William Halsey,
"E. H. Allison,
"Interpreters.
Consent of Sioux at Cheyenne River.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the chiefs and headmen of the various bands of Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Cheyenne River agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article 4 of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Cheyenne River agency, Territory of Dakota, this 16th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"SANS ARC
"Kangi-wiyaka, (Crow Feather,) his x mark, seal.
"Waanatan, (The Charger,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-gi, (Yellow Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Taku-kokipa-xni, (Fearless,) his x mark, seal.
"Wiyaka-luta, (Red Feather,) his x mark, seal.
"Ho-waxte, (Good Voice,) his x mark, seal.
"Ite-xujahan, (Scare the Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Waiglu-xica, (Man that Hurts Himself,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-ska, (White Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Pehin-xaxa, (Red Hair,) his x mark, seal.
"BLACKFEET
"Mato-ayuwi, (Turning Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-ska, (White Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixto-xakiya, (Red Arm,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehloga, (Yearling,) his x mark, seal.
"Pa-hoton, (Sounding Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Mahpiya-gleglega, (Striped Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Itoye-psunpsunla, (Awkward Face,) his x mark, seal.
"Maza-napin, (Iron Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"TWO KETTLE
"Mato-topa, (Four Bears,) his x mark, seal.
"Cuwi-hla-mani, (Rattling Ribs,) his x mark, seal.
"Mawatani-hanska-hokxila, (Long Mandan's Son,) his x mark, seal.
"Can-haha, (The Log,) his x mark, seal.
"Tacanhpi-luta, (Red Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Wokaya, (Brings the Food,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-waaktonsya, (Forgetful Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Xung-gleska-sapa, (Black Spotted Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-wanjila, (The Lone Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehaka-ska, (White Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-gleska, (Spotted Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Ptesan-wanmli, (White Cow Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato wanmli, (Bear Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-tanka, (Big Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-luzahan, (Swift Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Wamniomni-luzahan, (Swift Whirlwind,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunke-kokipapi, (Afraid-of-his-horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Hebola-nonpa, (Good Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Peji-to, (Green Grass,) his x mark, seal.
"Zitkala-kinyan, (Flying Bird,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunka-maza, (Iron Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Ptesan-wicaxa, (White Cow Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Sinte-nonpa, (Two Tails,) his x mark, seal.
"Kinyan-axapi, (Flying Laughing,) his x mark, seal.
"Inyan-hanksa, (Long Stone,) his x mark, seal.
"Natala, (Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Xungleska, (Spotted Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Xiyo-sapa, (Black Prairie Chicken,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakuwa-mani, (Walking Hunter,) his x mark, seal.
"MINNECONJOU
"Magaska, (Swan,) his x mark, seal.
"Magakxica, (The Duck,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-wanica, (No Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-wanica-wichahca, (Old Man No Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Mahaka, (Standing Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixnawasanica, (The Half,) his x mark, seal.
"Xina-ska, (White Robe,) his x mark, seal.
"Canhpi-sapa, (Black Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wankantuya, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Winkte-nonpa, (The Keg,) his x mark, seal.
"Kankaca-luta, (Red Plume,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehanskaska, (long Horn,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-waxte, (Good Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-pahakan-najin, (Bull on the Hill,) his x mark, seal.
"Xiyo-hanska, (Tall Prairie Chicken,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-gleska, (Spotted Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Inyan-boslahan, (Standing Rock,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest:
"CHARLES A. WICKOFF,
"Capt. Eleventh Infantry.
"LESLIE SMITH
"Capt. First Infantry, Bvt. Major, U.S. Army.
"Wm. Fielder,
"Mark Wells,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing; and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Cheyenne River agency, Dakota, on the 16th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Consent of Sioux at Crow Creek.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the undersigned chiefs and headmen of the Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Crow Creek agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article 4 of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Crow Creek agency, Territory of Dakota, this 21st day of October, A. D. 1876.
"LOWER YANCTONAIS
"Wanigi-ska, (White Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Wanmdi-sapa, (Black Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Wizi, (Old Lodge,) his x mark, seal.
"Najinyan-upi, (Surrounded,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-watakpe, (Attacking Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakuwa-wicarca, (Old Man Running Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakuwa-hokxina, (Young Man Running Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Katayapi, (Killed,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakokipe-xni, (Fearless Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-ska, (White Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Waksuyemani, (Returns from War,) his x mark, seal.
"Kasde, (Splits,) his x mark, seal.
"Cagu-ska, (White Lungs or Bear Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Wanmdi-wicaxa, (Eagle Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-cekiyapi, (They Worship the Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-iawakan, (Sacred Talking Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-koyagmani, (Walks With a Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Maga-bobdu, (Stormy Goose,) his x mark, seal.
"Wage-hunka, (Yellow Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Nakpa-wanjina, (One Ear,) his x mark, seal.
"Onspexni, (He Don't Know,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest:
"HENRY F LIVINGSTON.
"FRANKLIN J. DE WITT.
"Edwd Ashley,
"H Burt,
"Antoine Le Clare,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Crow Creek, Dakota, on the 21st day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Consent of Sioux at Lower Brule.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the undersigned chiefs and headmen of the Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at Lower Brule agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article 4 of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Lower Brule agency, Territory of Dakota, this 24th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"LOWER BRULES
"Maza-oyate, (Iron Nation,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-wakan, (Medicine Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Ptesan-wicakte, (White Buffalo Cow,) his x mark, seal.
"Xiyocikala, (Little Pheasant,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-pa, (Buffalo Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Marpiya-inajin, (Standing Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-wicuwa, (Useful Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-xake-hanska, (Long Bear Claws,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixna-wica, (Only Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest
"HENRY E. GREGORY,
"I. D. DE RUSSY,
"Captain Second Infantry, U.S.A.
"Zephir Rencountre,
"H Burt,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Lower Brule agency, Dakota, on the 24th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Consent of Sioux at Santee Reservation.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the undersigned chiefs and headmen of the Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Santee reservation, in Knox County, in the State of Nebraska, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, saving, reserving, and excepting all our rights, both collective and individual, in and to the said Santee reservation, in said Knox County and State of Nebraska, upon which we, the undersigned, and our people are now residing.
"Witness our hands and seals at Santee agency, county of Knox, State of Nebraska, this 27th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"SANTEE
"Joseph Wabashow, seal.
"Hake-waxte, his x mark, seal.
"Wakute, (The Shooter,) his x mark, seal.
"Huxaxa, (Red Legs,) his x mark, seal.
"Marpiya-duta, (Red Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakaninihanku, his x mark, seal.
"Wamanonsa, (The Thief,) his x mark, seal.
"Star Frazier, his x mark, seal.
"Pepe, (Sharp,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehaka-maza, (Iron Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Tunkanwaxtexte, (The Good Stone God,) his x mark, seal.
"Daniel W. Hemans, seal.
"Eli Abraham, seal.
"Geo. Paypay, seal.
"Artemas Ehuamani, seal.
"James Paypay, seal.
"Attest:
"CHAS. H. SEARING.
"JOSEPH W. COOK.
"Charles Mitchell,
"Alfred L. Riggs,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Santee agency, county of Knox, and state of Nebraska, on the 27th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Approved, February 28, 1877.
Taza, son of Cochise and a leader in his own right, died in Washington D.C. of pneumonia. He was 33 years old. He was laid to rest there.
The German manufacturer Henkel, most famous to history for aircraft, was founded. The multifaceted company still exists.
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