Tuesday, March 18, 1975. An Lộc abandoned.

The South Vietnamese government reported to the US of dire developments in country.  On the same day the ARVN abandoned An Lộc with the 32nd Ranger Group withdrawing along Highway 13 to Chơn Thành Camp.   The withdrawal would be completed the following day.

A Scene Of Chaos – March 18, 1975

Herbert Chitepo, a lawyer by training, and the 51-year old leader of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), was assassinated by a bomb that had been wired to his car at his home in Lusaka, Zambia. Robert Mugabe succeeded Chitepo as the leader of ZANU.

Who planted the bomb has never been determined.

Billy Graham, whom I'm not a fan of, addressed Native American Christian leaders in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

The television series M*A*S*H ran the final episode featuring the Henry Blake character, whom the audience was informed was killed off screen when the airplane taking him on the first leg of his trip home was shot down over the Sea of Japan.

Last edition:

Monday, March 17, 1975. "Starkly Bad News From South Vietnam – Burning Secret Papers – Onassis Laid To Rest."

Labels: 1970s, 1975, Blog Mirror, Personalities, South Vietnam, Vietnam, Vietnam War

Saturday, February 12, 1825. The Treaty of Indian Springs.

The Treaty of Indian Springs was concluded between the Muscogee and the United States with an additional article added two days later on February 14, 1825

The treaty was not universally accepted by the Native Americans it was suppoed to represent, leading to a new treaty being negotiated in 1826.  That one was not accepted by Georgia, and there was nearly an armed conflict between the State and the Federal government.

Last edition:

Wednesday, February 9, 1825. John Quincy Adams chosen as President.

Labels: 1820s, 1824, 1824 Election, 1825, Andrew Jackson, Democratic Party, History repeating itself or at least rhyming, Jefferson Jackson Days, John C. Calhoun, Ronald Reagan, Southern Strategy, Thomas Jefferson

Saturday, February 4, 1775. Logan's Lament published by the Virginia Gazette.

I appeal to any white man to say, if ever he entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave him not meat; if ever he came cold and naked, and he clothed him not. During the course of the last long and bloody war, Logan remained idle in his cabin, an advocate for peace. Such was my love for the whites, that my countrymen pointed as they passed, and said, Logan is the friend of the white men. I have even thought to live with you but for the injuries of one man. Col. Cresap, the last spring, in cold blood, and unprovoked, murdered all the relations of Logan, not sparing even my women and children. There runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any living creature. This has called on me for revenge. I have sought it: I have killed many: I have fully glutted my vengeance. For my country, I rejoice at the beams of peace. But do not harbor a thought that mine is the joy of fear. Logan never felt fear. He will not turn on his heel to save his life. Who is there to mourn for Logan? Not one.

Tachnechtoris, or John Logan, or Logan the Orator, after Lord Dunmore's War.

Last edition:

Wednesday, February 1, 1775. Memorandum on Chatham’s Plan of Conciliation, [on or after 1 February 1775]

Labels: 1770s, 1775, American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin

Thursday, January 27, 1825. Origin of the Trail of Tears.

President James Monroe approved a plan for Native American removal approved by the Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun.

Native Americans east of the Mississippi were to voluntarily exchange their lands for lands in the west, with the government seemingly failing to appreciate that there were already Native Americans in the west, and that voluntarily under those circumstances wasn't very voluntary.

Last edition:

Thursday, January 20, 1825. The Treaty of Washington City.

Labels: 1820s, 1825, Arkansas, Choctaw people, Native Americans, United States

Thursday, January 20, 1825. The Treaty of Washington City.

The Treaty of Washington City between the United States and the Choctaw resulted in a large portion of land being ceded within in what would soon become Arkansas.

Last edition:

January 19, 1825. The reason that today is Tin Can Day.

Labels: 1820s, 1825, Food, technology

Sunday, January 4, 1925. Death of Red Shirt. Ignoring the warning signs.

Red Shirt (Ógle Ša) Oglala Lakota leader and supporter of Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 and the Ghost Dance Movement of 1890, died at age 77 at Pine Ridge, South Dakota.

Italian prefects were ordered to control "suspect", i.e., non fascist, political organizations.  Mass searches resulted.

Adolf Hitler pledged his loyalty to Bavarian Minister President Heinrich Held. 

Hitler's pledge, of course, would turn out to be a lie.  Held maintained Bavarian state sovereignty until the end, but ultimately the Bavarian government was removed in 1933 by Hitler.  Held's pension would be revoked by the Nazis.  He died in 1938.

Last edition:

Saturday, January 3, 1925. Mussolini becomes a dictator.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, Art, Donald Trump, Italy, J. C. Leyendecker, Mussolini

Friday, January 3, 1975. The Jackson-Vanik Amendment

The Jackson-Vanik amendment was signed into law.  The amendment was to the Trade Act of 1974 and impacted countries with non market (socialist) countries which restricted freedom of Jewish emigration and other human rights.  It stated:

(a) Actions of nonmarket economy countries making them ineligible for normal trade relations, programs of credits, credit guarantees, or investment guarantees, or commercial agreements To assure the continued dedication of the United States to fundamental human rights, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, on or after January 3, 1975, products from any nonmarket economy country shall not be eligible to receive nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations), such country shall not participate in any program of the Government of the United States which extends credits or credit guarantees or investment guarantees, directly or indirectly, and the President of the United States shall not conclude any commercial agreement with any such country, during the period beginning with the date on which the President determines that such country -

(1) denies its citizens the right or opportunity to emigrate;

(2) imposes more than a nominal tax on emigration or on the visas or other documents required for emigration, for any purpose or cause whatsoever; or

(3) imposes more than a nominal tax, levy, fine, fee, or other charge on any citizen as a consequence of the desire of such citizen to emigrate to the country of his choice,

and ending on the date on which the President determines that such country is no longer in violation of paragraph (1), (2), or (3).

The Soviet Union would retaliate by increasing military aid to North Vietnam.

250 square miles of the Grand Canyon National Monument was deeded back to the Havasupai people, while enlarging the part by 687,000 acres.

Danica McKellar, who became famous as  child and then teenage actress for her role in The Wonder Years, was born. The series was set in the years 1968 to 1973 and ran from 1988 to 1993.

Last edition:

Wednesday, January 1, 1975. Cutting off Phnom Penh.

Labels: 1970s, 1975, Cambodia, Cambodian Civil War, Khemr Rouge, law, United Kingdom, Watergate

As long as the grass grows. . .

 

Wyoming Sen. Barrasso issues warning after Democrats block Pilot Butte transfer

Quite some trouble.  Wyoming's delegation all supporting the transfer. . . members of the Tribes say they want the land back and nobody consulted with them. . . Barrasso says that isn't so. . . A New Mexico Senator blocks the bill and Barrasso threatens to block back.

Thursday, November 11, 1824. Cruel acts and affairs of the heart.

Three weeks after receiving the petition of an interracial couple the Cherokee General Council passed an act outlawing marriage between "negro slaves and Indians, or whites".

Frankly, I can see why they'd outlaw the one against whites, given the oppression they'd face, but slaves was a bit much.

Last edition.

Sunday, November 7, 1824. St. Petersburg Flood.

Labels: 1820s, 1824, Disaster, St. Petersburg Russia, Weather

Sunday, November 1, 1874. The Battle of Sunset Pass

The small unit action The Battle of Sunset Pasas occured between the 5th Cavalry, with Apache scouts, and Tonto Apaches.

The engagement was caused by the Army attempting to recover stolen stock.  Under Lt. Charles King, the unit bivouacked for the night and was ambushed when King tried to recon up a hill, leading to the wounding of Lt. King.  He was rescued by a sergeant who carried him back to the camp, but his wounds forced his early retirement from the Army several years later.  He none the less went on to serve again during the Spanish American War, and became a noted author.

His rescuer, Sgt. Bernard Taylor, would win the Medal of Honor, but died shortly after receiving it the following year from pneumonia at age 31.

Last edition: 

Tuesday, October 27, 1874. Proclaiming Thanksgiving.

Labels: 1870s, 1874, Thanksgiving, U.S. Grant

Today in World War II History—October 29, 1939 & 1944

Today in World War II History—October 29, 1939 & 1944: 85 Years Ago—Oct. 29, 1939: Golden Gate International Exposition closes on Treasure Island in San Francisco Bay (will re-open 25 May 1940).

Tuesday, October 21, 1924. Six Nations election.

The first Canadian elections under the Indian Act were held for the Six Nations Band of Indians Council.

And also elections were held for the Norwegian parliament, resulted in a continuation of the coalition government between the Conservatives and the liberal Venstre.

The German National People's Party issued a proclamation announcing itself in favor of restoring the monarchy and terminating the Treaty of Versailles and the Dawes Plan.

Postscript:

From Reddit's 100 Years Ago Sub:

Last edition:

Saturday, October 18, 1924. Ham achievement.

Labels: 1920s, 1924, Art, Calvin Coolidge, Communism, Espionage, football, German Weimar Republic, Radio, technology

Wednesday, October 11, 1724. Fort Drummer attacked.

Seventy Abenakis attacked Fort Dummer, Vermont and killed 3 or 4 miliamen.

Last edition:

Sunday October 8, 1724. A schism and a reunion.

Labels: 1720s, 1724, Catholic, Christianity, Eastern Rite Catholic, Greek Orthodox Church, Melkite Greek Catholic Church, Orthodox, religion, Syria

Monday, October 10, 1774. The Battle of Point Pleasant

The Battle of Point Pleasant (Battle of Kanawha, Battle of Great Kanawha) was fought between Virginian militia and Shawnee and Mingo warriors in what is now West Virginia.

It was the only major battle of Lord Dunmore's War.

Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, prevailed and took his forces into the Ohio Valley.

The action effectively concluded the war in favor of Virginia and the Crown.

Last edition:

Friday, October 7, 1774. The Massachusetts Provincial Congress.

Labels: 1770s, 1774, American Revolution, Colonial North America, Massachusetts

Monday, September 15, 1874. Grant addresses the situation in Louisiana. Treaty No. 4.

 

By the President of the United States of America

A Proclamation

Whereas it has been satisfactorily represented to me that turbulent and disorderly persons have combined together with force and arms to overthrow the State government of Louisiana and to resist the laws and constituted authorities of said State: and

Whereas it is provided in the Constitution of the United States that the United States shall protect every State in this Union, on application of the legislature, or of the executive when the legislature can not be convened, against domestic violence; and

Whereas it is provided in the laws of the United States that in all cases of insurrection in any State or of obstruction to the laws thereof it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, on application of the legislature of such State, or of the executive when the legislature can not be convened, to call forth the militia of any other State or States, or to employ such part of the land and naval forces as shall be judged necessary, for the purpose of suppressing such insurrection or causing the laws to be duly executed; and

Whereas the legislature of said State is not now in session and can not be convened in time to meet the present emergency, and the executive of said State, under section 4 of Article IV of the Constitution of the United States and the laws passed in pursuance thereof, has therefore made application to me for such part of the military force of the United States as may be necessary and adequate to protect said State and the citizens thereof against domestic violence and to enforce the due execution of the laws; and

Whereas it is required that whenever it may be necessary, in the judgment of the President, to use the military force for the purpose aforesaid, he shall forthwith, by proclamation, command such insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective homes within a limited time.

Now, therefore, I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, do hereby make proclamation and command said turbulent and disorderly persons to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes within five days from this date, and hereafter to submit themselves to the laws and constituted authorities of said State; and I invoke the aid and cooperation of all good citizens thereof to uphold law and preserve the public peace.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington, this 15th day of September, A.D. 1874, and of the Independence of the United States the ninety-ninth.

U.S. GRANT.

By the President:

HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State.

Treaty No. 4 was signed between the Cree and Saulteaux and the Crown in Canada.

Last edition:

Sunday, September 14, 1874. Battle of Liberty Place.

Labels: 1870s, 1874, Army, Louisiana, Louisiana National Guard, Racism, Reconstruction

Saturday, September 12, 1874. Battle of Buffalo Wallow

Scouts William Dixon, Amos Chapman and soldiers Sergeant Z. T. Woodall, Co. I; Peter Rath, Co. A; John Harrington, Co. H.; George W. Smith, Co. M, 6th Cavalry fought some of the Kiowa and Comanche from the Lyman fight that encountered them on their way to rejoin their families on the Washita.

Billy Dixon.

The battle went on all day, with the soldiers and scouts taking refuge against the must larger native party in a buffalo wallow.  During the night, scout Billy Dixon went for help on foot which arrived the next day.   Two of the soldiers died in the encounter.   Their survival had a lot to do with effective marksmanship.

The troops Dixon brought for relief were engaged in a battle that day as well, at the Sweetwater Creek and Dry Force of the Washita River.  The encounter between the 8th Cavalry and the Native Americans was brief and two Native Americans were killed and six wounded.

Dixon would receive the Medal of Honor for his actions in retrieving a wounded soldier during the fight, and going for help.  It'd later be revoked given as he was a civilian, but subsequently restored.  He'd go on to marry in the early 1890s and have seven children.  He made his home in those years near Adobe Walls, the site of his most famous battle.  He died in 1913.

Last edition:

Friday, September 11, 1874. The fate of the German family.

Labels: 1870s, 1874, Cheyenne, Indian Wars, Kansas, Native Americans, Red River War

Friday, September 11, 1874. The fate of the German family.

Cheyennes lead by Chief Medicine Water attacked John German and his family, which had camped on the stagecoach route on the Smoke Hill River in Kansas.

German, his wife Liddia, son Stephen, and daughters Rebecca Jane and Joanna Cleveland were killed.  Daughters Catherine Elizabeth, 17 years of age, Sophia Louisa, 12 years of age, Julia Arminda, 7 years of age, and Nancy Addie, 5 years of age were taken captive.

Julia and Nancy were traded to Grey Beard's band and liberated on November 8, 1874 in an Army raid.  Catherine and Sophia were released in March 1874 when Chief Stone Calf and most of the Southern Cheyenne surrendered at Fort Leavenworth, in Kansas.

All four girls married eventually and remained in Kansas.

Last edition:

Wednesday, September 9, 1874. The start of the Battle of Upper Washita.

Labels: 1870s, 1874, Army, Battle of the Upper Washita River, Comanche, Ft. Leavenworth Kansas, Ireland, Kansas, Kiowa Tribe, Native Americans, Red River War, Texas, The Wild Geese

Wednesday, September 9, 1874. The start of the Battle of Upper Washita.

The Battle of the Upper Washita River commenced on this day in 1874 when a supply train lead by Cpt. Wyllys Lyman was attacked by Comanches and Kiowas.   The battle would last for five days during which a scout was dispatched for relief.

Pvt. Thomas Kelly, Company H, 5th U.S. Infantry, was awarded the Medal of Honor.  His citation reads:

Gallantry in action.

Kelly was, predictably, Irish, having been born in May in 1836.  He must have been a career soldiers as he was almost 40 years old, and still a private, not unusual for the time.  He lived until 1919 and died at age 83, at Leavenworth, Kansas, which was likely his last duty station.  He married Rose Kelly at some point.

One of the Wild Geese.

Last edition.

Sunday, August 30, 1874. The return to The Girl I Left Behind me and the Battle of Red River.

Labels: 1870s, 1874, Battle of Red River, Camp Custer Michigan, cavalry, Ft. Abraham Lincoln, Infantry, Red River War, Texas, The Black Hills Expedition

Painted Bricks: Cheyenne, Chief Yellow Calf.

Painted Bricks: Cheyenne, Chief Yellow Calf.:  

Cheyenne, Chief Yellow Calf.

Wednesday, August 19, 1874. Taking back.

 August 19, 1874

EXECUTIVE MANSION, August 19, 1874.

It is hereby ordered that all that tract of country, in Montana Territory, set apart by Executive order, dated July 5, 1873, and not embraced within the tract set apart by act of Congress, approved April 15, 1874, for the use and occupation of the Gros Ventre, Piegan, Blood, Blackfeet, River Crow, and other Indians, comprised within the following boundaries, viz: Commencing at a point on the south bank of the Missouri River, opposite the mouth of the Marias River; thence along the main channel of the Marias River to Birch Creek; thence up the main channel of Birch Creek to its source; thence west to the summit of the main chain of the Rocky Mountains; thence along said summit in a southerly direction to a point opposite the source of the Medicine or Sun River; thence easterly to said source, and down the south bank of said Medicine or Sun River to the south bank of the Missouri River; thence down the south bank of the Missouri River to the place of beginning, be, and the same is hereby, restored to the public domain.

U. S. GRANT.

Hmm. . . .  

Last edition:

Sunday, August 9, 1874. Camp Scene Near Blue River, Colorado. William Henry Jackson.

Labels: 1870s, 1874, Colorado, Colorado River, Photography, The Frontier West, William Henry Jackson