The best posts of the week of September 20, 2026.
The 2026 Election, 22nd Edition. The Stupid on Stilts Edition.
The feral week:
Wednesday, September 23, 2026
Tuesday, September 22, 2026
The Agrairan week:
Tuesday, September 22, 2026
Last edition:
Sunday, September 27, 2026
Saturday, September 26, 2026
Sunday, September 26, 1976. Rhodesian proposal rejected.
Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith's proposal for a two year transition to black majority rule was rejected by the presidents of Zambia, Zaire, Tanzania, Mozambique and Angola.
Palestinian guerillas seized the Hotel Semramis in Damascus after which the hotel was take back by the Syrian Army. Four hostages were killed in the battle along with the Palestinian commander. The surviving three guerrillas were hung the following day.
Conflict in the region at the time was even more complicated than it is now. The Syrians were contesting Palestinian presence in Lebanon, as were various Lebanese forces.
Last edition:
Friday, September 24, 1976. Smith agrees to majority rule.
Tuesday, September 26, 1911. Tragic accident.
U.S. Army Lieutenant Thomas DeWitt Milling piloted a Burgess Wright biplane for 1 hour, 54 minutes, and 42.6 seconds setting a record and winning, as a result, a $1,000 prize
William A. Ford was run into at noon yesterday [Sept. 26] by a run-away team hitched to a wagon, and sustained injuries from which he died half an hour later. He was working on a cement cross walk in Park addition near W. F. Henning’s residence, when the electric light whistle was blowing for 12 ‘o’clock. His son Arlie was with the team unloading some dirt in the old oil pond. The team became scared at the whistle and ran up the road toward Mr. Ford, who had his back to the team and did not see them coming. Mrs. Henning saw the danger he was in and called to him, but he did not hear her. The team was soon upon him, the tongue of the wagon and the neckyoke striking him in the back and crushing numerous bones. He was then thrown under the wheels and was carried for about 60 feet, going around with the wagon wheel. ...He was carried into the home of Ed. Davidson where he died in half an hour. ...Mr. Ford was one of our most highly respected citizens; he was a member of the town council and has held a number of offices of trust, and he has a large circle of friends who sympathize with the beloved ones in their great sorrow.
The Philadelphia Athletics took the pennant.
Last edition:
Sunday, September 24, 1911. Governor Richards daughter and son in law murdered at Richards' Red Banks ranch on the Nowood.
Thursday, September 26, 1901. Czolgosz speaks.
A stunned Leon Czolgosz was sentenced to death for the murder of William McKinley. He gave a brief statement noting that nobody else was involved in the murder.
The British annexed the territory of the Ashanti Empire into Ghana. The war that had preceded it, the War of the Golden Stool, did not recover the stool itself, the object of the war.
A report from South Africa indicated that 1,268 Boer civilians had died in concentration camps in the Transvaal, and a further 1,052 in the Orange River Colony. Most of the dead were children.
Last edition:
Tuesday, September 24, 1901. Czolgosz found guilty.
Tuesday, September 26, 1876. Ceding the Black Hills.
Many Sioux and Cheyenne who had left reservations earlier remained off them, but none the less a new treaty was being successively signed with various returned bands.
The agreement ceded the Black Hills.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a certain agreement made by George W. Manypenny, Henry B. Whipple, Jared W. Daniels, Albert G. Boone, Henry C. Bulis, Newton Edmunds, and Augustine S. Gaylord, commissioners on the part of the United States, with the different bands of the Sioux Nation of Indians, and also the Northern Arapaho and Cheyenne Indians, be, and the same is hereby, ratified and confirmed: Provided, That nothing in this act shall be construed to authorize the removal of the Sioux Indians to the Indian Territory and the President of the United States is hereby directed to prohibit the removal of any portion of the Sioux Indians to the Indian Territory until the same shall be authorized by an act of Congress hereafter enacted, except article four, except also the following portion of article six: "And if said Indians shall remove to said Indian Territory as hereinbefore provided, the Government shall erect for each of the principal chiefs a good and comfortable dwelling-house" said article not having been agreed to by the Sioux Nation; said agreement is in words and figures following, namely: "Articles of agreement made pursuant to the provisions of an act of Congress entitled 'An act making appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the Indian Department, and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various Indian tribes, for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes,' approved August 15, 1876, by and between George W. Manypenny, Henry B. Whipple, Jared W. Daniels, Albert G. Boone, Henry C. Bulis, Newton Edmunds, and Augustine S. Gaylord, commissioners on the part of the United States, and the different bands of the Sioux Nation of Indians, and also the Northern Arapahoes and Cheyennes, by their chiefs and headmen, whose names are hereto subscribed, they being duly authorized to act in the premises.
Boundaries of reduced reservation.
"Article 1. The said parties hereby agree that the northern and western boundaries of the reservation defined by article 2 of the treaty between the United States and different tribes of Sioux Indians, concluded April 29, 1868, and proclaimed February 24, 1869, shall be as follows: The western boundaries shall commence at the intersection of the one hundred and third meridian of longitude with the northern boundary of the State of Nebraska; thence north along said meridian to its intersection with the South Fork of the Cheyenne River; thence down said stream to its junction with the North Fork; thence up the North Fork of said Cheyenne River to the said one hundred and third meridian; thence north along said meridian to the South Branch of Cannon Ball River or Cedar Creek; and the northern boundary of their said reservation shall follow the said South Branch to its intersection with the main Cannon Ball River, and thence down the said main Cannon Ball River to the Missouri River; and the said Indians do hereby relinquish and cede to the United States all the territory lying outside the said reservation, as herein modified and described, including all privileges of hunting; and article 16 of said treaty is hereby abrogated.
Roads, etc., through reservation.
"Article 2. The said Indians also agree and consent that wagon and other roads, not exceeding three in number, may be constructed and maintained, from convenient and accessible points on the Missouri River, through said reservation, to the country lying immediately west thereof, upon such routes as shall be designated by the President of the United States; and they also consent and agree to the free navigation of the Missouri River.
Annuities, where received.
"Article 3. The said Indians also agree that they will hereafter receive all annuities provided by the said treaty of 1868, and all subsistence and supplies which may be provided for them under the present or any future act of Congress, at such points and places on the said reservation, and in the vicinity of the Missouri River, as the President of the United States shall designate.
Delegation to select home in Indian Territory.
Article 4 not confirmed.
Removal within one year.
"Article 4. [The Government of the United States and the said Indians, being mutually desirous that the latter shall be located in a country where they may eventually become self-supporting and acquire the arts of civilized life, it is therefore agreed that the said Indians shall select a delegation of five or more chiefs and principal men from each band, who shall, without delay, visit the Indian Territory under the guidance and protection of suitable persons, to be appointed for that purpose by the Department of the Interior, with a view to selecting therein a permanent home for the said Indians. If such delegation shall make a selection which shall be satisfactory to themselves, the people whom they represent, and to the United States, then the said Indians agree that they will remove to the country so selected within one year from this date. And the said Indians do further agree in all things to submit themselves to such beneficent plans as the Government may provide for them in the selection of a country suitable for a permanent home, where they may live like white men.]
Assistance, schools, rations, purchase of surplus, employment.
Sioux rations.
How issued.
Government will purchase surplus production.
"Article 5. In consideration of the foregoing cession of territory and rights, and upon full compliance with each and every obligation assumed by the said Indians, the United States does agree to provide all necessary aid to assist the said Indians in the work of civilization; to furnish to them schools and instruction in mechanical and agricultural arts, as provided for by the treaty of 1868. (Also to provide the said Indians with subsistence consisting of a ration for each individual of a pound and a half of beef, (or in lieu thereof, one half pound of bacon,) one-half pound of flour, and one-half pound of corn; and for every one hundred rations, four pounds of coffee, eight pounds of sugar, and three pounds of beans, or in lieu of said articles the equivalent thereof, in the discretion of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Such rations, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be continued until the Indians are able to support themselves.) Rations shall, in all cases, be issued to the head of each separate family; and whenever schools shall have been provided by the Government for said Indians, no rations shall be issued for children between the ages of six and fourteen years (the sick and infirm excepted) unless such children shall regularly attend school. Whenever the said Indians shall be located upon lands which are suitable for cultivation, rations shall be issued only to the persons and families of those persons who labor, (the aged, sick, and infirm excepted;) and as an incentive to industrious habits the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may provide that such persons be furnished in payment for their labor such other necessary articles as are requisite for civilized life. The Government will aid said Indians as far as possible in finding a market for their surplus productions, and in finding employment, and will purchase such surplus, as far as may be required, for supplying food to those Indians, parties to this agreement, who are unable to sustain themselves; and will also employ Indians, so far as practicable, in the performance of Government work upon their reservation.
Erection of houses on allotments.
So much of articles as is embraced in the brackets is not confirmed.
"Article 6. Whenever the head of a family shall, in good faith, select an allotment of said land upon such reservation and engage in the cultivation thereof, the Government shall, with his aid, erect a comfortable house on such allotment; [and if said Indians shall remove to said Indian Territory as hereinbefore provided, the Government shall erect for each of the principal chiefs a good and comfortable dwelling-house.]
Artisans and other employees to be married, etc.
Unfit persons to receive no benefits.
"Article 7. To improve the morals and industrious habits of said Indians, it is agreed that the agent, trader, farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, and other artisans employed or permitted to reside within the reservation belonging to the Indians, parties to this agreement, shall be lawfully married and living with their respective families on the reservation; and no person other than an Indian of full blood, whose fitness, morally or otherwise, is not, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, conducive to the welfare of said Indians, shall receive any benefit from this agreement or former treaties, and may be expelled from the reservation.
In force.
Indians subject to laws of United States.
"Article 8. The provisions of the said treaty of 1868, except as herein modified, shall continue in full force, and, with the provisions of this agreement, shall apply to any country which may hereafter be occupied by the said Indians as a home; and Congress shall, by appropriate legislation, secure to them an orderly government; they shall be subject to the laws of the United States, and each individual shall be protected in his rights of property, person, and life.
Indians pledged to this agreement.
Police force.
"Article 9. The Indians, parties to this agreement, do hereby solemnly pledge themselves, individually and collectively, to observe each and all of the stipulations herein contained, to select allotments of land as soon as possible after their removal to their permanent home, and to use their best efforts to learn to cultivate the same. And they do solemnly pledge themselves that they will at all times maintain peace with the citizens and Government of the United States; that they will observe the laws thereof and loyally endeavor to fulfill all the obligations assumed by them under the treaty of 1868 and the present agreement, and to this end will, whenever requested by the President of the United States, select so many suitable men from each band to co-operate with him in maintaining order and peace on the reservation as the President may deem necessary, who shall receive such compensation for their services as Congress may provide.
Annual census to be taken in December.
"Article 10. In order that the Government may faithfully fulfill the stipulations contained in this agreement, it is mutually agreed that a census of all Indians affected hereby shall be taken in the month of December of each year, and the names of each head of family and adult person registered; said census to be taken in such manner as the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may provide.
Term "reservation."
"Article 11. It is understood that the term reservation herein contained shall be held to apply to any country which shall be selected under the authority of the United States as the future home of said Indians.
Agreement subject to approval.
"This agreement shall not be binding upon either party until it shall have received the approval of the President and Congress of the United States.
Signatures.
"Dated and signed at Red Cloud agency, Nebraska, September 26, 1876.
"GEORGE W. MANYPENNY. [SEAL.]
"HENRY B. WHIPPLE. [SEAL.]
"J. W. DANIELS. [SEAL.]
"ALBERT G. BOONE. [SEAL.]
"H. C. BULIS. [SEAL.]
"NEWTON EDMUNDS. [SEAL.]
"A. S. GAYLORD. [SEAL.]
"Attest:
"Charles M. Hendley,
"Secretary.
"OGALLALLA SIOUX—CHIEFS AND HEADMEN
"Marpiya-luta, (Red Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunke-kokipe, (Afraid-of-his-Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-luta, (Red Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Taopi-cikala, (Little Wound,) his x mark, seal.
"Waxicun-taxunke, (American Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-kokipa, (Afraid-of-the-Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-yamni, (Three Bears,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-peta, (Fire-Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-luza, (Fast Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-ho-waxte, (Crow-with-a-good-voice,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-ayuwi, (Turning Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Itunkassan-waumli, (Weasel-Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Warpe-xa, (Red Leaf,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixta-peta, (Fire Eyes, or White Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Pte-san-wicaxa, (Man White Cow,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-tanka, (Big Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-waxte, (Good Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunkikyuha, (Sorrel Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Itunkasan-mato, (Weasel-Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wahukeza-nonpa, (Two-Lance,) his x mark, seal.
"Owe-xica, (Bad Wound,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wankantu, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Tokicu, (He-takes-the-Enemy,) his x mark, seal.
"Akcita, (Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Ite-glega, (Stupid Face, or Slow Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunmanito wankantu, (High Wolf,) his x mark, seal.
"Si-tanka, (Big Foot,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-ska, (White Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunki-to, (Blue Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"ARAPAHOES
"Black Coal, his x mark, seal.
"Crazy Bull, his x mark, seal.
"Little Wolf, his x mark, seal.
"Sharp Nose, his x mark, seal.
"Six Feathers, his x mark, seal.
"White Horse, his x mark, seal.
"CHEYENNES
"Living Bear, his x mark, seal.
"Spotted Elk, his x mark, seal.
"Black Bear, his x mark, seal.
"Turkey Legs, his x mark, seal.
"Calfskin Shirt, his x mark, seal.
"Dated and signed at Spotted Tail agency, Nebraska, September 23, 1876.
"BRULE SIOUX
"Sinta-gleska, (Spotted Tail,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-luza, (Swift Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Nom-karpa, (Two Strike,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-ska, (White Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Heraka-najou, (Standing Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Hi toto, (Blue Teeth,) his x mark, seal.
"Baptiste Good, his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-sapa, (Black Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunke-wakita, (Looking Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-ocin-xica, (Wicked Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wamli-cikala, (Little Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-luta, (Red Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Tacampi-to, (Blue Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-luza, (Fast Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Miwatani-hanska, (Tall Mandan,) his x mark, seal.
"Hitunkasan-luta, (Red Weasel,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakan, (Sacred Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Muggins, his x mark, seal.
"Ixnalawica, (Only Male,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-can-wegna-iyaye, (Bear-in-the-wood,) his x mark, seal.
"Hobu, (Coarse Voice,) his x mark, seal.
"No Flesh, (Conica-wanica,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-waukantu, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wicampi-tanka, (Big Star,) his x mark, seal.
"Akan-ka-kte, (Killed-on-horseback,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixta-ska-ska, (White Eyes,) his x mark, seal.
"Wamnionmi-akcita, (Whirlwind Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-cangleska, (Ring Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-wamli, (Thunder Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Xkeca-guaxkingan, (Crazy Mink,) his x mark, seal.
"Ho waxte, (Good Voice,) his x mark, seal.
"Ta-kudankokipexni, (Afraid-of-nothing,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-peta, (Fire heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Wapaswapi, (Roast,) his x mark, seal.
"Itecantku-ze, (Yellow Breast,) his x mark, seal.
"Maza-wanapinya, (Iron Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"Sinte-gleska-holkxila, (Young Spotted Tail,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wanagi, (Bear Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-ixlala, (Lone Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Pte-samvicaxa, (White Buffalo man,) his x mark, seal.
"Maz-ixta, (Iron Eyes,) his x mark, seal.
"Asanpi, (Milk,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetanwamli, (Eagle Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"I certify that the foregoing treaty was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Indians, before signing, and that the same was executed by the above Ogallalla Sioux, Cheyennes, and Arapahoes, at Red Cloud agency, on the 20th day of September, A.D. 1876, and by the Brule Sioux at Spotted Tail agency on the 23rd day of September, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
"Attest:
"Louis Bordeaux,
"William Garnett,
"William Roland,
"Henry C. Clifford
"Interpreters.
Consent of Sioux at Standing Rock.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the chiefs and headmen of the various bands of Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Standing Rock agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article four of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Standing Rock agency, Territory of Dakota, this 11th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"LOWER YANCTONAIS
"Mato-nonpa, (Two Bears,) his x mark, seal.
"Tashunka-kokipapi, (He fears his horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Waha, (Cotton Wood,) his x mark, seal.
"Hogan-duta, (Red Fish,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-Gnashkinyan, (Mad Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Cokamti, (Camp in Middle,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-wanagi, (Bull's Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Waonzonge, (Pantaloons,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato chitika, (Brave Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Can-Icu, (Drag Wood,) his x mark, seal.
"Iyayog-manni, (Walk out of the way,) his x mark, seal.
"Igmu-sapa, (Black Wild Cat,) his x mark, seal.
"Akicita cikala, (Little Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Canhpi-sapa, (Black Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Hahaka-maza, (Iron Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Inyang-mani, (Running Walker,) his x mark, seal.
"Tashunka-witko, (Fool Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Wanmli-napin, (Eagle Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"UPPER YANCTONAIS
"Nasulan-tanka, (Big Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Shunkaha-napin, (Wolf Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"Ishta-sapa, (Black Eye,) his x mark, seal.
"Tahinca-ska, (White Deer,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-luta, (Red Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Maga, (Goose,) his x mark, seal.
"Tacanonpa, (His Pipe,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-witko, (Fool Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakantuya, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-pa, (Bull Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Shunka-wanjila, (Lone Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Nape-tanka, (Big Hand,) his x mark, seal.
"UNCPAPAS
"Cetan-wakinyan, (Thunder Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato cuwiyuksa, (Bear Rib,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatoke-inyanke, (Running Antelope,) his x mark, seal.
"He-maza, (Iron Horn,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakute-mani, (Walking Shooter,) his x mark, seal.
"Akicita-hanska, (Long Soldier,) his x mark, seal.
"Wicasha-wakan, (Medicine Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Ishta-ska, (White Eye,) his x mark, seal.
"Zitkala-sapa, (Black Bird,) his x mark, seal.
"Nape-shica, (Bad Hand,) his x mark, seal.
"Wahukeza-luta, (Scarlet Lance,) his x mark, seal.
"BLACKFEET
"Peji, (John Grass,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-iyotanka, (Sitting Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-pete, (Fire Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Zitkala-wankantuya, (High Bird,) his x mark, seal.
"Nata-opi, (Wounded Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Tashunka-luta, (Red Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-luta, (Red Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest:
"R. E. Johnston
"Captain First Infantry, Bvt. Lieut. Col.,
"U.S.A., Acting Indian Agent.
"W. D. Wolverton,
"Surgeon U.S.A.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Standing Rock agency, Dak, on the 11th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
"Attest:
"Louis Agard,
"William Halsey,
"E. H. Allison,
"Interpreters.
Consent of Sioux at Cheyenne River.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the chiefs and headmen of the various bands of Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Cheyenne River agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article 4 of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Cheyenne River agency, Territory of Dakota, this 16th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"SANS ARC
"Kangi-wiyaka, (Crow Feather,) his x mark, seal.
"Waanatan, (The Charger,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-gi, (Yellow Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Taku-kokipa-xni, (Fearless,) his x mark, seal.
"Wiyaka-luta, (Red Feather,) his x mark, seal.
"Ho-waxte, (Good Voice,) his x mark, seal.
"Ite-xujahan, (Scare the Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Waiglu-xica, (Man that Hurts Himself,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-ska, (White Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Pehin-xaxa, (Red Hair,) his x mark, seal.
"BLACKFEET
"Mato-ayuwi, (Turning Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakinyan-ska, (White Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixto-xakiya, (Red Arm,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehloga, (Yearling,) his x mark, seal.
"Pa-hoton, (Sounding Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Mahpiya-gleglega, (Striped Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Itoye-psunpsunla, (Awkward Face,) his x mark, seal.
"Maza-napin, (Iron Necklace,) his x mark, seal.
"TWO KETTLE
"Mato-topa, (Four Bears,) his x mark, seal.
"Cuwi-hla-mani, (Rattling Ribs,) his x mark, seal.
"Mawatani-hanska-hokxila, (Long Mandan's Son,) his x mark, seal.
"Can-haha, (The Log,) his x mark, seal.
"Tacanhpi-luta, (Red Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Wokaya, (Brings the Food,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-waaktonsya, (Forgetful Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Xung-gleska-sapa, (Black Spotted Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Xunka-wanjila, (The Lone Dog,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehaka-ska, (White Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-gleska, (Spotted Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Ptesan-wanmli, (White Cow Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato wanmli, (Bear Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-tanka, (Big Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-luzahan, (Swift Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Wamniomni-luzahan, (Swift Whirlwind,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunke-kokipapi, (Afraid-of-his-horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Hebola-nonpa, (Good Thunder,) his x mark, seal.
"Peji-to, (Green Grass,) his x mark, seal.
"Zitkala-kinyan, (Flying Bird,) his x mark, seal.
"Taxunka-maza, (Iron Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Ptesan-wicaxa, (White Cow Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Sinte-nonpa, (Two Tails,) his x mark, seal.
"Kinyan-axapi, (Flying Laughing,) his x mark, seal.
"Inyan-hanksa, (Long Stone,) his x mark, seal.
"Natala, (Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Xungleska, (Spotted Horse,) his x mark, seal.
"Xiyo-sapa, (Black Prairie Chicken,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakuwa-mani, (Walking Hunter,) his x mark, seal.
"MINNECONJOU
"Magaska, (Swan,) his x mark, seal.
"Magakxica, (The Duck,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-wanica, (No Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-wanica-wichahca, (Old Man No Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Mahaka, (Standing Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixnawasanica, (The Half,) his x mark, seal.
"Xina-ska, (White Robe,) his x mark, seal.
"Canhpi-sapa, (Black Tomahawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wankantuya, (High Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Winkte-nonpa, (The Keg,) his x mark, seal.
"Kankaca-luta, (Red Plume,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehanskaska, (long Horn,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-waxte, (Good Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-pahakan-najin, (Bull on the Hill,) his x mark, seal.
"Xiyo-hanska, (Tall Prairie Chicken,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-gleska, (Spotted Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Inyan-boslahan, (Standing Rock,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest:
"CHARLES A. WICKOFF,
"Capt. Eleventh Infantry.
"LESLIE SMITH
"Capt. First Infantry, Bvt. Major, U.S. Army.
"Wm. Fielder,
"Mark Wells,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing; and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Cheyenne River agency, Dakota, on the 16th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Consent of Sioux at Crow Creek.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the undersigned chiefs and headmen of the Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Crow Creek agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article 4 of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Crow Creek agency, Territory of Dakota, this 21st day of October, A. D. 1876.
"LOWER YANCTONAIS
"Wanigi-ska, (White Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Wanmdi-sapa, (Black Eagle,) his x mark, seal.
"Wizi, (Old Lodge,) his x mark, seal.
"Najinyan-upi, (Surrounded,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-watakpe, (Attacking Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakuwa-wicarca, (Old Man Running Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakuwa-hokxina, (Young Man Running Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Katayapi, (Killed,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-wakokipe-xni, (Fearless Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-ska, (White Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Waksuyemani, (Returns from War,) his x mark, seal.
"Kasde, (Splits,) his x mark, seal.
"Cagu-ska, (White Lungs or Bear Ghost,) his x mark, seal.
"Wanmdi-wicaxa, (Eagle Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-cekiyapi, (They Worship the Bear,) his x mark, seal.
"Kangi-iawakan, (Sacred Talking Crow,) his x mark, seal.
"Cetan-koyagmani, (Walks With a Hawk,) his x mark, seal.
"Maga-bobdu, (Stormy Goose,) his x mark, seal.
"Wage-hunka, (Yellow Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Nakpa-wanjina, (One Ear,) his x mark, seal.
"Onspexni, (He Don't Know,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest:
"HENRY F LIVINGSTON.
"FRANKLIN J. DE WITT.
"Edwd Ashley,
"H Burt,
"Antoine Le Clare,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Crow Creek, Dakota, on the 21st day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Consent of Sioux at Lower Brule.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the undersigned chiefs and headmen of the Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at Lower Brule agency, in the Territory of Dakota, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, with the exception of so much of article 4 of said agreement as relates to our visit and removal to the Indian Territory; in all other respects the said article remaining in full force and effect.
"Witness our hands and seals at Lower Brule agency, Territory of Dakota, this 24th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"LOWER BRULES
"Maza-oyate, (Iron Nation,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-wakan, (Medicine Bull,) his x mark, seal.
"Ptesan-wicakte, (White Buffalo Cow,) his x mark, seal.
"Xiyocikala, (Little Pheasant,) his x mark, seal.
"Tatanka-pa, (Buffalo Head,) his x mark, seal.
"Marpiya-inajin, (Standing Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Cante-wicuwa, (Useful Heart,) his x mark, seal.
"Mato-xake-hanska, (Long Bear Claws,) his x mark, seal.
"Ixna-wica, (Only Man,) his x mark, seal.
"Attest
"HENRY E. GREGORY,
"I. D. DE RUSSY,
"Captain Second Infantry, U.S.A.
"Zephir Rencountre,
"H Burt,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Lower Brule agency, Dakota, on the 24th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Consent of Sioux at Santee Reservation.
"The foregoing articles of agreement having been fully explained to us in open council, we, the undersigned chiefs and headmen of the Sioux Indians, receiving rations and annuities at the Santee reservation, in Knox County, in the State of Nebraska, do hereby consent and agree to all the stipulations therein contained, saving, reserving, and excepting all our rights, both collective and individual, in and to the said Santee reservation, in said Knox County and State of Nebraska, upon which we, the undersigned, and our people are now residing.
"Witness our hands and seals at Santee agency, county of Knox, State of Nebraska, this 27th day of October, A. D. 1876.
"SANTEE
"Joseph Wabashow, seal.
"Hake-waxte, his x mark, seal.
"Wakute, (The Shooter,) his x mark, seal.
"Huxaxa, (Red Legs,) his x mark, seal.
"Marpiya-duta, (Red Cloud,) his x mark, seal.
"Wakaninihanku, his x mark, seal.
"Wamanonsa, (The Thief,) his x mark, seal.
"Star Frazier, his x mark, seal.
"Pepe, (Sharp,) his x mark, seal.
"Hehaka-maza, (Iron Elk,) his x mark, seal.
"Tunkanwaxtexte, (The Good Stone God,) his x mark, seal.
"Daniel W. Hemans, seal.
"Eli Abraham, seal.
"Geo. Paypay, seal.
"Artemas Ehuamani, seal.
"James Paypay, seal.
"Attest:
"CHAS. H. SEARING.
"JOSEPH W. COOK.
"Charles Mitchell,
"Alfred L. Riggs,
"Interpreters.
"I certify that the foregoing agreement was read and explained by me, and was fully understood by the above named Sioux Indians before signing, and that the same was executed by said Sioux Indians at Santee agency, county of Knox, and state of Nebraska, on the 27th day of October, A.D. 1876.
"SAML. D. HINMAN,
"Official Interpreter.
Approved, February 28, 1877.
Taza, son of Cochise and a leader in his own right, died in Washington D.C. of pneumonia. He was 33 years old. He was laid to rest there.
The German manufacturer Henkel, most famous to history for aircraft, was founded. The multifaceted company still exists.
Last edition:
Thursday, September 21, 1876. The Youngers captured.
Friday, September 25, 2026
CliffsNotes of the Zeitgeist 158th Edition. How the Internet Emphases the Absurd and Marginal and Make it seem Significant. Pastor Brian Sauvé
Holy Women at Christ's Tomb, Annibale Carracci.
One Brian Sauvé, senior pastor at Refuge Church in Ogden, Utah, has been much on the net recently due to some comments he made on vlog or some sort of web based video show providing for all to see how the net has served to emphasize the absurd and marginal, serving to make it seem like a big deal.
Refuge Church is a "Reformed Protestant" Church and Sauvé describes himself as "Reformed and Protestant, Paedobaptist, Postmillennial, and Patriarchal". The church describes itself as basically a solo scriptura group holding to 66 books of the Bible, rather than 73, which means that the don't believe in the 66 books of the Bible as the New Testament itself describes how sola scriptura is invalid and the omitted books that a German monk, who should never have been that, took out were done so based on his prejudice and a misunderstanding on what books of the Old Testament the Apostles were referring to.
Patriarchal Sauvé certainly is. And extremely so.
Sauvé in a September 18 podcast stated the following:
Women either shouldn't be on social media or any social media they have should be kind of a walled garden situation where some competent man is curating and blocking and directing and taking a look at what's going on. I have access to my wife's social media accounts and I have blocked—this is not an exaggeration—thousands of accounts. Thousands of them. She generally has very little idea of what is going on in the real social media because I've created a walled garden of cute goat videos.
We have normalcy bias in a certain direction. We consider normal what is actually insane. We consider normal women having unsupervised access to one another all the time. That's not normal.
We consider normal women having political rule. We consider normal women living unattached from a male—like a father, then a husband—for lengthy periods of time. You could fill in the blank with all of these modern feminist outworkings of the original feminist vision and what they've done is they've made women anxious, psychotic, depressed, miserable, and genocidally evil. And we just go, "Oh, that's normal.'"
People are going to hear me talking about, as my wife's head, monitoring her social media, and they're going to be like, "Brian is such a tyrant." You have normalcy bias for insane world. You're living in an insane asylum and you think it's the normal world and I'm saying, "No, we don't live in the insane asylum. We do what people did for thousands of years before today."
The interview went on and discussed how "crazy" it was to allow women to vote, something Hegseth fan boy has said of Doug Wilson in Idaho.
Unlike Wyoming, the least religious state in the country, Utah is the most religious state in the Union, and its religious landscape is dominated by the Latter Day Saints. It's not as Mormon as it once was, however, with about 55% of the residents of the state being in that faith. Culturally, however, they dominate it. Catholics are about 5%. About 25% claim no particular faith.The rest are mostly some sort of Protestant but there are, of course, Jews, Muslims, etc.
About 63% of the residents of Ogden are LDS. Catholics make up almost 9% of the population there. The rest would mostly be some sort of Protestant.
We'd note that Mormons, which Sauvé is not, are extremely socially conservative generally. That's important to note as while, at least in my experience, Mormons and some conservative Protestant religions do not get along, the overall cultural conservatism of Mormonism heavily impacts the Jello Belt. I'm not saying that to be mean or critical. Utah has some of the most well kept towns, including small towns, in the country and as a rule Mormons don't go in for the weird cultural silliness that is part of the current zeitgeist. Without condoning the tenants of their faith, their faith also causes them to have what some folks refer to as "nice families", as other conservative religious groups sometimes to. You'd probably have to get into Traditional Catholics in order to find a similarly family oriented well kept group of people.
The Culture of a People reflects upon the place they live. The views that Sauvé are not all that radical in the locality in which he is speaking them, as they reflect sort of broadly on the LDS, and specifically on some of the LDS, although most LDS would not hold them to the extreme that he does.
Now, as should be obvious, Pastor Sauvé is extremely socially conservative. Why should we care?
We shouldn't.
The church is indicated as having a "mid sized" congregation. His congregation ought to care what he thinks, and chances are they believe exactly what he does. This sort of extreme patriarchal view is quite limited and goes way beyond what even very conservative members of various other Christian faiths typically believe. It's also ironic in that women more than men were the foundation of the early Faith. Women brought men to it. There's a reason that Mary Magdalene is the "Apostle to the Apostles". And there's a reason that St. Brigid is so closely associated with St. Patrick.
But then, I'm an Apostolic Christian where strong women are the norm. Protestants can keep John Calvin, we'll take Joan d'Arc.
And Protestants can keep telling us that we shouldn't ask Mary for help, we're going to keep doing so.
Virgin Mary at Zetum
Such a diminished view of women is odd, and sad.
It's also cultural and malformed.
But here's the thing. It's the Internet that has given voice to stuff like this. But for that, Sauve would be an unknown Protestant Pastor in the Jello Belt. Probably a lot of people in his own city wouldn't be able to tell you anything about him. I couldn't tell you anything about the two large warehouse type churches' pastors here. I'm sure that there are Protestants around here who hold the same beliefs. I just don't know who they are, and there aren't many of them.
The Internet is really giving voice to a lot of things, ideas and people who shouldn't have one. I don't know if Sauve was known before, but there's a whole host of like minded Protestants who show up on blogs all the time and spark Internet outrage. That outrage then circulates their message.
It's the same with people like Nick Fuentes, whose message is political and not religious, although there is some of that mixed in. But for the Internet, he'd just be a barely employed oddball.
It's one of the real challenges of our time. We need to ignore these people. They don't deserve a national audience.
Last edition:
CliffsNotes of the Zeitgeist 157th Edition. Press Revolt and other matters.
Saturday, September 25, 1926. A five day work week.
Henry Ford introduced the eight-hour day and five-day workweek at the Ford Motor Company.
The eight hour workday was revolutionary in and of itself, but so was a five day workweek. This introduced the American and indeed global standard.
That standard has massively eroded in recent decades as the US has moved towards a seven day a week, twenty four hour a day, standard. Serious efforts need to be taken to restore it, including blue laws.
The League of Nations Slavery Convention was signed by representatives of Australia, Austria, Belgium, British India, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Haiti, Latvia, Nicaragua, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The pact bound signators to abolish slavery within their jurisdictions.
It was a Saturday, which Ford workers now had off.
The Saturday Evening post "September Bride" issue also had an advertisement illustrated by Leyendecker depicting students as they were imagined to look like at the time, and which in fact was relatively accurate.
Last edition:
Saturday, September 18, 1926. 1926 Miami Hurricane.
Labels: 1870s, 1876, 1920s, 1926, 1990s, 1997, Art, Clothing, Florida, Florida (Miami), J. C. Leyendecker, Personalities, Weather
25th Amendment Watch, 24th Edition. He's crying for help, or completely insane.
You know the drill.
Republicans will claim he's "trolling". MAGA will say "watch the libs, har, har, har, pass me my twelfth Bud. . . " Mike Johnson will claim he was too busy to notice. John Barrasso will look like he's badly constipated.
The Trump will do it.
J. D. Vance will claim it's a good idea, while going back to spruce up his resume for his inevitable Starbucks job application.
Seriously, he's either completely insane, or crying out for intervention.
This is not normal. Trump is not normal. He's not alright.
September 8, 2026
And then there's this: https://x.com/Amy_Siskind/status/2097119661884162247/video/1
Yesterday he appeared to be lecturing a Marine Corps helicopter pilot shortly after Marine Corps One landed and omitted saluting the guards, which has become an unfortunate tradition.
Part of Labor Day he devoted to a deranged series of tweets.
He's insane and the Republican Party just won't do anything about it. It's up to the voters, but even at that we'll be facing two more years of untold destruction due to GOP cowardice.
cont:
The government of Iceland has summoned the US ambassador to the country for Donald Trump's having posted an image yesterday showing the island nation as a U.S. possession. Mexico, Canada and Greenland were included in the same crazy image.
cont:
I just thank my people. I was building a big building in New York and I took the whole crew down there right after this happened and they had no hesitation. Everybody went down with me. We went down as a big group of people ... we thought it was coming down on top of us ... two fireman lifted me up and started running with me.
Two fireman, big strong guys, they grabbed me under the arms -- 'got to get our of here!' -- and they literally lifted me up, and they started running with me.
Donald Trump about 9/11. It's a complete lie.
cont:
And later today:
The Failing New York Magazine wrote a story that I wasn’t down at the World Trade Center after the Tragedy of September 11th, because nobody saw me there. Well, I don’t think I would be the first thing on anyone’s mind but, I was there, obviously not on the same day as the collapse, but shortly thereafter…
The Fake News doesn’t want to listen, even when they know their story is false. That’s why their approval ratings are at an All Time LOW, but mine are VERY HIGH!
On another September 11th front, Maggot Hagerman continues to say that I did not go to the New York World Trade Center event, but the Pentagon instead, because they wouldn’t let me speak in New York. Maggot knows that this is a lie!
This is actually a fairly big event as Trump was caught in a lie so large that he was forced to attempt to step away from it. He wasn't there, and was called on it, and admitted he wasn't there.
He's a liar whose occupation of the White House dishonors the country.
September 12, 2026
King Donald and Number 4 at 9/11 memorial. ©Reach Publishing Services Limited. Posted under fair use exception.
It's difficult to see how MAGA continues to call Joe Biden "Sleepy Joe".
Getty Images, same event. Fair use exception.
Trump's hand picked board on the Kennedy Center closed it ostensibly for renovations but Trump made it clear beforehand that it would be closed unless it's named after him.
Trump has been a Tour d' Wacky all week.
The man is insane. Supporting a person who supports Trump is unconscionable.
September 21, 2026.
It's hard to tell if this is rank stupidity, or craziness at the tinfoil hat stage:
September 20, 2026
Yeah, sure the military asked for that. . .
Either way this suggestion is really stupid. There's almost no way the military suggested something this dumb.
Trump is getting piles of pushback on this one, and with each day he appears increasingly wacky. We're riding right up on the November election and we have to once again seriously wonder if there's a conflict between doing what's right and applying the 25th Amendment and trying to ride through the election. As it becomes increasingly clear that Trump is a major Republican liability at this point, the pressure to remove an obviously unwell man has to be increasing.
September 25, 2026
The Looney Tune nature of the current Pretender has been on full display this week as 习近平 has been in Washington. A besotted Trump took him to the White House and showed the Chinese leader his absurd portraiture hall and a painting of Trump giving the Communist Party Salute after he was shot on or near the ear. 习近平 looked on expressionlessly.
Last edition:
Subsidiarity Economics 2026. The Times more or less locally, Part 9, 25th Amendment Watch, 23d Edition. The Canadian Harvard and Oxford doctor in economics vs. the Wharton playboy. The Trade War with Canada edition.
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