Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen Elizabeth II, appeared on the cover of Life magazine. The black and white photograph of the young Elizabeth is a shock to see today.
The Battle of Demyansk began, with the objective of encircling German troops in a salient and relieving the front near Moscow. It'd more or less achieve the latter, but not the former.
Sarah Sundin's blog has a number of interesting items in it:
J. Howard Miller's little seen "We Can Do It" poster. Note the "Post Feb. 15 to Feb 28" notation on the poster.
Today in World War II History—February 15, 1943: J. Howard Miller’s “We Can Do It” poster, now identified with Rosie the Riveter, is first posted at Westinghouse for a two-week in-house campaign.
The poster is one of the most recognizable in history now. Ironically, it was little known to the World War Two generation itself, and only became widely known some forty years later. In this sense, it's much like the "Keep Calm And Carry On" British poster, which was so rare in World War Two that it's debated if it was put up at all.
The poster, which is in fact not particularly skillfully executed, was limited to 1,800 runs and 17" x 22" in side. In its original posting, it was put up only in Westinghouse factories, and in fact the female subject in the image wears a Westinghouse Electric floor employee badge. The workers who would have seen it were engaged in making helmet liners, and the poster was part of a gentle effort, in part, from dissuading strikes. It was part of a 42 poster series by Miller.
Miller himself may be regarded as a somewhat obscure illustrator. He was busy during World War Two and issued other posters that had an industrial theme.
Miller's female worker was based on a photograph of Geraldine Doyle, nee Hoff or Naomi Parker, it isn't really clear which, although some claim that it's definitely Parker. It might have been both women, and more than just the two. The poster was painted from a photograph or photographs, and not a live model.
During the war itself, the Rockwell Saturday Evening Post illustration of a stout, defiant female riveter was the accepted depiction of Rosie the Riveter. Rockwell, with his keen eye for detail, had painted "Rosie" on her lunch box.
The name, Rosie the Riveter, was first used in a song by that name by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb, recorded by The Four Vagabonds, which came out prior to Rockwell's May 1943, illustration. The song, in turn, had been inspired by a newspaper column about 19-year-old Rosalind P. Walter who had gone to work as a riveter in Stratford Connecticut as part of the war effort. The model for the Rockwell painting was not an industrial worker, but a telephone operator, Mary Doyle Keefe, née, perhaps ironically, Doyle, who was Rockwell's neighbor. She actually posed for a photograph for Rockwell's photographer, rather than for Rockwell live.
Keefe, who was not yet married, didn't like the painting as Rockwell had made her image so beefy, for which he apologized. She attended Temple University, became a dental hygienist, married and passed away in 2015 at age 92. Rosalind P. Walter went on in later life to become quite wealthy and was a noted philanthropist, particularly supporting public television. She died in 2020 at age 95.
J. Howard Miller lived until 2004, but remained obscure, unlike his famous poster.
It should be noted that the depiction of the women and their story itself is interesting. Vermonter Keefe was the daughter of a logger, but was obviously from a solid middle class Catholic family, something that would not have been surprising in any fashion at the time. As noted, she was not an industrial worker herself. Geraldine Doyle worked only very briefly as an industrial worker in 1942, quitting as she feared injuring her hands as she was a cellist. She later married a dentist later in 1943. They met in a bookstore. While her association with the painting is disputed, her World War Two factory photograph is remarkably similar to the poster. Parker was employed in a factory prior to the war and continued to be during it.
The Miller image is used for a sign on the outside of the Rosie the Riveter WWII Home Front National Historical Park in California, a Federal park dedicated to the World War Two home front. World War Two, immediately following the Great Depression, had an enormous and permeant (and probably not good, really) impact on California, so the location is well placed.
Democracy returned to Uruguay.
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