Showing posts with label law. Show all posts
Showing posts with label law. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 1, 2025

Wednesday, January 1, 1975. Cutting off Phnom Penh.

The Khemr Rouge cut off supply lines to Phnom Penh.

John N. Mitchell, H. R. Haldeman, and John Ehrlichman were found guilty on charges of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal. 

Robert Mardian was found guilty on one count of conspiracy.

Queen Elizabeth II conferred knighthood on Charlie Chaplin, P. G. Wodehouse, Roger Bannister, and Gary Sobers.

I would have passed on Chaplin.

Last edition:

Tuesday, December 31, 1974. Americans get to own gold again.

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

Tuesday, December 31, 1974. Americans get to own gold again.

Depression era restrictions on the private ownership of gold in the US were removed.

The prohibition, as well as government price setting of Gold, had come into effect in 1933.

South African Kugerrands and Canadian gold coins immediately became very popular as a hedge against inflation.

France ended its state monopoly on television.

Catfish Hunter signed with the Yankees, becoming baseball's highest paid player at that point.


Last edition:

Monday, December 16, 1974. Safe Drinking Water.

Sunday, December 29, 2024

The life of Fran Gerard/Francis Anna Camuglia. Was Francis Anna Camuglia and Cynthia Blanton.

The top half of the March 1967 centerfold depicting the 19 year old "Fran Gerard".  This photo was taken from Cynthia Blanton's webpage, where it appears in this fashion (i.e., you can't see her nude) and is put up here under the fair use exception.  No doubt if the full centerfold was spread out, Camuglia's happy smile would not be what attention was drawn to.
Lex Anteinternet: Francis Anna Camuglia and Cynthia Blanton.: I ran into this item in a really roundabout way, that being a random link to a 1967 newspaper article.  That isn't mentioned in either o...

Sort of going down the rabbit hole, I suppose, on this one, but the story is so illustrative of certain things, most of them pretty sad, so it's worth an additional, illustrative, look.

Cynthia Blanton replied to the post here, which was extremely nice of her to do, on her being a doppelganger for Francis Anna Camuglia, the March 1967 Playboy "Playmate", who appeared in that role as Fran Gerard.  It turns out that my comment that they were close in age was not only correct, but there's an added freakish element of. The two young women were just eight months apart in age and, while Blanton had not met Camuglia, they had even been schoolmates in the same California high school, Granada Hills High School, prior to Blanton's family moving only shortly before March 1967.  

Camuglia's obituary simply notes that she "attended" the school, which causes me to suspect, with nothing to back it up, that she might not have graduated.  Her life would likewise suggest she didn't graduate.

The high school still exists, but is a charter school now.  It was nearly new then, having opened in 1960.  It seems to have consistently been a well regarded high school.

Camuglia was just a teenager when she appeared in Playboy and only barely out of high school.  And not only was she only 19 when the photos ran, give the nature of production, she was 18 when they were taken.  

One year younger would have made this child pornography.

Not that this would prove to be a deterrent for Playboy.  At least two of the Playboy "Playmates" were 17 years old when their photographs were taken, and the magazine knew that at least one of the girls had that young age. They waited to run that girls' 17 year old nude photographs until she turned 18, which would not have made it legal, but rather likely to be undiscovered.  Another seems to have lied about her age, although seemingly this could have been checked up on.  One girl was specifically run as a recent high school grad who was the "youngest" playmate and getting her high school wish to be a centerfold, when in fact she was 17.

Early on, Playboy was under a serious European threat for advancing pedophilia, although oddly enough from its cartoons.  It turns out, however, that it did in fact go as low as it could go, age wise, for nudes, and even lower than legally allowed.

To add to the sadness of this, Camuglia's first husband had divorced her, or vice versa, just a month prior to these running.  When he married her he was 37 years old. She was 18.

I don't know the reasons for the divorce, or the marriage.  What did an 18 year old see in a 37 year old. I don't know what he saw in her, but her physical attributes were no doubt undeniable. The marriage lasted only seven months and he disappears from the record.  A person has to wonder if the Playboy spread brought about the divorce, although that's pure speculation.  The odds wouldn't have been good for its survival at any rate, given the odd age disparity.

Her next marriage was in 1970.  She would have been 22 years old at that time.  Her second husband doesn't seem to be mentioned on her headstone, however, which suggests that she was not married at the time of her death.

Her father died in 2010, and her mother in 2016.  Their devotion to each other, and their children, is noted on their headstones.

Undoubtedly another Playboy photograph, but as she more likely actually appeared.  Fran Camuglia didn't actually wear glasses.  This was taken from an entry on Find A Grave and is likewise put up under the fair use exception.

I don't know where this all goes, but its a sort of morality play on bad decisions, combined with a lack of societal safe guards, and declining public morality.  It's perfectly legal for a 37 year old to marry an 18 year old, but it's almost never a good idea.  I'd guess her parents opposed it, and we don't know the story behind it.   Really short marriages of much older men to teenagers have historically tended to be explained by pregnancy or mistaken belief in pregnancy, and the 18 year old Camuglia could fairly easily pass for an older young woman.  Male interest in her can easily be explained by her obvious, apparently, physical assets, something which has apparently caused her to retain a fan base forty years after her tragic death.

It's hard to believe that this story wouldn't have worked out better if Playboy hadn't been around to exploit young women.  I'll spare repeating all the details that were given in the documentary on the magazine, but they're horrific.  Suicide wasn't limited to Camuglia.  Murder was visited on at least one Playmate and visited upon a person by one.  According to the documentary one young woman associated with the magazine died at a party and her body simply disappeared.  One suicide scrawled her opinion on Hugh Hefner graphically on a wall in the apartment where she killed herself.  A host of "bunnies" was  used by men at an event physically in a way that traumatized them.

What, if anything, Camuglia endured we don't know.  Maybe only having her 18 year old body be the object of, well, for forty decades, which would be odd enough, and which would also contribute to psychic loss.

In 1967 when Camuglia appeared in the magazine, in middle class society the magazine was both accepted and regarded as dirty.  It claimed for itself that it managed to become the Stars and Stripes of the Vietnam War, and as grossly exaggerated in Apocalypse Now, it was so accepted by that time that Playmates appearing in the way that movie stars had in World War Two and Korea in the combat theater occurred.  Pinup girls didn't appear overseas in the earlier wars, even though they existed.

At the same time, however, the magazine remained a "dirty" magazine and there were legal efforts as late as the 1970s to try to address its obscenity, although they failed.  Being n the magazine branded those who did it in ways they could not escape.  Whatever happened to Camuglia, she apparently couldn't escape it.

Well, may God rest her soul and may the perpetual light shine upon her, and all who endured such tragedy..

Related thread:

Francis Anna Camuglia and Cynthia Blanton.

Tuesday, December 24, 2024

Friday, December 24, 1909. US Court determining Armenian ethnicity.

The Federal Court in Boston ruled that Armenians were white, and therefore eligible for citizenship.  Some had been denied naturalization on the basis they were "Asiatic".

Japanese Protestant Christian Toyohiko Kagawa (賀川 豊彦) established a Christian mission and social welfare organization that still exists.

Last edition:

Thursday, December 23, 1909. USS Utah launched

Sunday, December 22, 2024

Friday, December 22, 1944. "Nuts!".

Bastogne was surrounded.

General Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz, commander of German forces outside of Bastogne, sent a major, a lieutenant and two enlisted men to deliver an ultimatum to US forces.  The ultimatum, delivered to 101st artillery commander, Gen. Anthony McAuliffe, who was in command, read:

To the U.S.A. Commander of the encircled town of Bastogne.

The fortune of war is changing. This time the U.S.A. forces in and near Bastogne have been encircled by strong German armored units. More German armored units have crossed the river Ourthe near Ortheuville, have taken Marche and reached St. Hubert by passing through Hompre-Sibret-Tillet. Libramont is in German hands.

There is only one possibility to save the encircled U.S.A. troops from total annihilation: that is the honorable surrender of the encircled town. In order to think it over a term of two hours will be granted beginning with the presentation of this note.

If this proposal should be rejected one German Artillery Corps and six heavy A. A. Battalions are ready to annihilate the U.S.A. troops in and near Bastogne. The order for firing will be given immediately after this two hours term.

All the serious civilian losses caused by this artillery fire would not correspond with the well-known American humanity.

The German Commander.

McAuliffe read the note, crumpled it up, and muttered, "Aw, nuts" after realizing that the Germans were asking for a U.S. surrender, rather than the other way around. Lieutenant Colonel Harry Kinnard suggested that McAuliffe's response summed up the situation well and  reply was typed and delivered by Colonel Joseph Harper, commanding the 327th Glider Infantry, to the German delegation. It stated:

To the German Commander.

NUTS!

The American Commander.

The German commander was confused by the reply, understandably, and asked Harper what it meant. Harper replied; "In plain English? Go to hell."  McAuliffe himself never used profanity.

Slowed progress caused Guderian to recommend the German offensive in the Ardennes be halted.

Guderian and McAuliffe's assessment was realistic.  While from the outside the American situation appeared desperate, in fact it was not.  The German advance had been massively slowed by American resistance, including by relatively inexperienced troops.  At Bastogne the Germans now faced two airborne divisions which were used to being surrounded.


President Roosevelt signed the Flood Control Act of 1944.

A new provisional government was formed in Hungary.

The People's Army of Vietnam was formed.

Last edition:

Thursday, December 21, 1944. St. Vith taken.

Saturday, December 21, 2024

The 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session, Part 2. Early bills

Pre filed bills so far.  Keep in mind that these are the ones that have made it through the last legislature.  The new one hasn't been sworn in yet..

HB0002Hunting license application fees increase.TravelBill Number Assigned
HB0003Animal abuse-predatory animals.TravelBill Number Assigned
HB0004Snowmobile registration and user fees.TravelBill Number Assigned
HB0005Fishing outfitters and guides-registration of fishing boats.TravelBill Number Assigned
HB0006Advance health care directives-dementia.Larsen, LBill Number Assigned
HB0007K-12 post secondary education options.HarshmanBill Number Assigned
HB0008School finance-average daily membership.HarshmanBill Number Assigned
HB0009Young entrepreneurs-limiting license requirements.HarshmanBill Number Assigned
HB0010Limited mining operations-amendments.MineralsBill Number Assigned
HB0011Manufacturing sales and use tax exemption-amendments.MineralsBill Number Assigned
HB0012Industrial production equipment-deferral.MineralsBill Number Assigned
HB0013Integrated test center-governance.MineralsBill Number Assigned
HB0014Solid waste municipal cease and transfer funding.MineralsBill Number Assigned
HB0015Limited mining operations-bonding amendments.MineralsBill Number Assigned
HB0016Used nuclear fuel storage-amendments.MineralsBill Number Assigned
HB0017Career technical education equipment grants amendments.EducationBill Number Assigned
HB0018Career technical education funding.EducationBill Number Assigned
HB0019Social media-parental consent for minors required.HarshmanBill Number Assigned
HB0020K-12 school facility leasing.Sel Sch FacBill Number Assigned
HB0021School finance-routine maintenance worker calculation.Sel Sch FacBill Number Assigned
HB0022Water and wastewater operator-emergency response.Campbell, EBill Number Assigned
HB0023Surrender driver's license-repeal.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0024Alternative fuel tax-electricity amendments.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0025Vehicle accident reporting-amendments.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0026Highway safety-child restraints.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0027Disabled parking windshield placards-revisions.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0028Commercial driver's licenses-revisions.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0029Severance tax distribution-highway fund.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0030Driver's licenses and IDs-revisions.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0031School safety and security.PendergraftBill Number Assigned
HB0032What is a Woman Act.LienBill Number Assigned
HB0033Vehicle sales and use tax distribution-highway fund.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0034Department of transportation-efficiency study.TransportationBill Number Assigned
HB0035Vacancies in elected office.HarshmanBill Number Assigned
HB0036Hathaway scholarship-amendments.HarshmanBill Number Assigned
HB0037Expulsion for possession of a deadly weapon.HarshmanBill Number Assigned
HB0038Ad valorem taxation-payment and credit of penalties.RevenueBill Number Assigned
HB0039Property tax refund program-revisions.RevenueBill Number Assigned
HB0040Sales and use tax revisions.RevenueBill Number Assigned
HB0041Environmental quality-irrevocable letters of credit.LawleyBill Number Assigned
HB0042Regulation of surgical abortions.LawleyBill Number Assigned
HB0043Age verification for websites with harmful material.LawleyBill Number Assigned
HB0044Loren "Teense" Willford Memorial Highway.DavisBill Number Assigned
HB0045Removing otters as protected animals.ByronBill Number Assigned
HB0046Homeschool freedom act.StrockBill Number Assigned
HB0047Secretary of state-expedited filings.BlockChain/TechnologyBill Number Assigned
HB0048Department of family services-confidentiality amendments.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0049Treatment courts-amendments.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0050Disclosure of sensitive information-law enforcement.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0051Municipal courts-maximum penalties.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0052State's right of appeal in criminal cases.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0053Governmental claims-negligent investigations.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0054Chancery court judges-district and circuit court assistance.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0055Court automation fee-amendments.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
HB0056Cities and towns notice for zoning changes-amendments.FilerBill Number Assigned
HJ0001Amending Wyoming's act of admission for earnings.Cap Fin & InvBill Number Assigned
SF0002Hunting licenses-weighted bonus points system.TravelBill Number Assigned
SF0003Mule and whitetail deer-separate hunting seasons.TravelBill Number Assigned
SF0004State park peace officers-definition and scope of authority.TravelBill Number Assigned
SF0005School district vehicles-flashing lights authorized.CooperBill Number Assigned
SF0006Residential property-removal of unlawful occupant.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0007Protection order amendments.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0008Protection orders-effective during appeal or review.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0009Restoration of rights amendments.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0010Settlement agreements for minors-parental authorization.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0011Use of fraudulent documents to wrongfully possess property.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0012Permanent protection orders.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0013Reading assessment and intervention amendments.EducationBill Number Assigned
SF0014Wyoming imagination library program.EducationBill Number Assigned
SF0015Oil and gas conservation commission-regulation of pits.MineralsBill Number Assigned
SF0016Industrial siting-tribal notification.MineralsBill Number Assigned
SF0017Carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery stimulus.MineralsBill Number Assigned
SF0018Enhanced oil recovery-severance tax exemption.MineralsBill Number Assigned
SF0019Impact assistance payments-maximum percentages and review.MineralsBill Number Assigned
SF0020Oil and gas bonding-options and bonding pools.MineralsBill Number Assigned
SF0021Ban on cell phone use in schools.SchulerBill Number Assigned
SF0022Ground for termination of parental rights-guardianship.SchulerBill Number Assigned
SF0023Handicap placards-health care providers' approval.LaborBill Number Assigned
SF0024Special license plates for multipurpose vehicles.BarlowBill Number Assigned
SF0025Electronic lien and title system.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0026Protection of military equipment.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0027Wyoming national guard member referral-amendments.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0028ROTC endowment program.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0029Firearm hold agreement-limited liability.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0030Wyoming's investment in veteran's mental health.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0031Boards and commissions veteran ex officio members.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0032Unpaved roads speed limits-amendments.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0033Noncitizen driver's license and ID card-revisions.TransportationBill Number Assigned
SF0034School finance-routine and major maintenance calculations.Sel Sch FacBill Number Assigned
SF0035Governmental claims-maximum liability amounts.JudiciaryBill Number Assigned
SF0036Music therapy-use of title.LaborBill Number Assigned
SF0037Enhanced concealed carry in school zones.CooperBill Number Assigned
SF0038Performance compensation-investment performance amendment.AppropriationsBill Number Assigned
SF0039Automatic transfer of automobile title upon death.OlsenBill Number Assigned
SF0040Zoning protest petition-amendments.AppropriationsBill Number Assigned
SF0041Federal acts-legal actions authorized.AgricultureBill Number Assigned
SF0042Resort hotel liquor licenses.GierauBill Number Assigned
SF0043Temporary water use agreements amendments.AgricultureBill Number Assigned
SF0044Fairness in sports-intercollegiate athletics.SchulerBill Number Assigned
SF0045Wyoming state guard-amendments.Laursen, DBill Number Assigned
A freshman legislature is introducing a bill that will ban sanctuary towns and counties in Wyoming, of which there are none.

Some interesting bills:

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0019

 

 

Social media-parental consent for minors required.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Harshman, Lawley, Washut and Wharff and Senator(s) Barlow and Olsen

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to trade and commerce; requiring parental consent for minors under age eighteen (18) to use a social media platform; providing definitions; requiring rulemaking; and providing for effective dates.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 4032101 and 4032102 are created to read:

 

CHAPTER 32

SOCIAL MEDIA REGULATION

 

4032101.  Definitions.

 

(a)  As used in this chapter:

 

(i)  "Account holder" means a person who has or who creates or opens an account or profile to use a social media platform;

 

(ii)  "Minor" means a person who is a resident of Wyoming, who is under the age of eighteen (18) and who is not married or has not become emancipated as provided in W.S. 141201 through 141206;

 

(iii)  "Social media company" means a person that is an interactive computer service that provides a social media platform for use;

 

(iv)  "Social media platform" means an online forum that a social media company makes available for an account holder to create a profile, upload posts, view the posts of other account holders or interact with other  account holders or users.

 

4032102.  Social media platforms; parental consent required; remedies.

 

(a)  No social media company shall allow a minor to be an account holder on the social media company's social media platform unless the social media company obtains the express consent of the minor's parent or guardian.

 

(b)  Each social media company shall deny access to its social media platform for each account holder who fails to meet the verification requirements specified in subsection (a) of this section until the social media company receives the express parental or guardian consent required under subsection (a) of this section.

 

(c)  The attorney general shall promulgate all rules for:

 

(i)  The process by which a social media company can obtain parental consent for a minor seeking to open or create an account and be an account holder on a social media platform;

 

(ii)  The method by which a parent or guardian of a minor can provide consent for a minor to open or create an account and be an account holder on a social media platform;

 

(iii)  The methods by which social media companies shall verify the authenticity of the parental or guardian consent provided for a minor to open or create an account and be an account holder on a social media platform;

 

(iv)  The methods by which a social media company shall allow parents or guardians to revoke or withdraw consent previously given for a minor to open or create an account and be an account holder on a social media platform and for parents or guardians to revoke or withdraw nonconsent previously expressed and thereafter consent for a minor to open or create an account and be an account holder on a social media platform.

 

(d)  The attorney general may pursue any remedy authorized under the Wyoming Consumer Protection Act against a social media company that fails to comply with this article.

 

Section 2.  The attorney general shall promulgate all rules necessary to implement this act.

 

Section 3.

 

(a)  Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this act is effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(b)  Section 1 of this act is effective July 1, 2025.


SENATE FILE NO. SF0021

 

 

Ban on cell phone use in schools.

 

Sponsored by: Senator(s) Schuler and Representative(s) Brown, L, Clouston and Larson, JT

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to education; requiring school districts to adopt policies prohibiting students from using cell phones and smart watches in schools as specified; providing exceptions; providing a definition; specifying applicability; and providing for effective dates.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 213110(a) by creating a new paragraph (xliv) is amended to read:

 

213110.  Duties of boards of trustees.

 

(a)  The board of trustees in each school district shall:  

 

(xliv)  Adopt policies to prohibit students from using cellular telephones and smart watches during instructional time. For purposes of this paragraph, "smart watch" means a wearable computing device that closely resembles a wristwatch or other time keeping device with the capacity to act in place of or as an extension of a person's cellular telephone. "Smart watch" does not include a wearable device that can only tell time, monitor a person's health information or track a person's location. Policies adopted under this paragraph shall not prohibit students from using cellular telephones and smart watches under any of the following circumstances:

 

(A)  In the case of an emergency or in response to a perceived threat of danger;

 

(B)  When an employee of the school district authorizes a student to use a cellular telephone or a smart watch;

 

(C)  When using a cellular telephone or a smart watch is included in a student's individualized education plan or plan developed under section 504 of the Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended;

 

(D)  When a health care provider determines that the use of a cellular telephone or a smart watch is necessary to manage a student's health care.

 

Section 2.  Not later than July 1, 2025, each school district board of trustees shall establish policies in accordance with this act.

 

Section 3.

 

(a)  Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this act is effective July 1, 2025.

 

(b)  Sections 2 and 3 of this act are effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)


December 21, 2024

Chuck Gray is backing proof residency and ballot box banning efforts again this session.

It's ironic in the Trumpiest state in the union the paranoia about people illegally casting votes remains.  If they are doing that, they'd be ironically illegally voting, for the most part, for Trump.

Last edition: