1. On this day in 1918 Sgt. Alvin York preformed the deeds that would make him a household name in the United States and the most famous American veteran of WWI other than, perhaps, Gen. Pershing.
York was a from the Tennessee hill country and one of eleven children of a very poor family. With virtually no education at all, he had been supporting his family for some time because of his father's early death. A devout Evangelical Christian, York was a reformed drinker and fighter who had grown up in a family that depended upon hunting to put food on the table. He was an extremely skilled woodsman and marksman at the time he reluctantly entered the Army due to conscription. He was also seeking conscientious objector status at that time, but reconsidered his position due to the urging of his military superiors. He proved to be a good soldier and was assigned to the 82nd Division, seeing combat first in the St. Mihel Offensive.
On October 8 his battalion was assigned to capture Hill 223 north of Chatel-Chéhéry, France. During the battle Corporal York took on machinegun positions while the remainder of his party guarded captured prisoners. York took those positions on first with his rifle, a M1917 Enfield, and then ended up killing six charging Germans with his M1911 pistol after his rifle was empty. Ultimately a large party of Germans surrendered to York and York and seven other enlisted men marched to the rear with 132 German prisoners. During the battle York killed 25 Germans. His Medal of Honor citation reads:
After his platoon suffered heavy
casualties and 3 other noncommissioned officers had become casualties,
Cpl. York assumed command. Fearlessly leading seven men, he charged with
great daring a machine gun nest which was pouring deadly and incessant
fire upon his platoon. In this heroic feat the machine gun nest was
taken, together with 4 officers and 128 men and several guns.
York would go on to be promoted to the rank of Sergeant before the war was over and he became the most decorated American soldier of World War One. He was commissioned in the Signal Corps during World War Two and obtained the rank of Major, but his health had declined severely and he was used in a moral boosting role. In spite of ill health he would remain in the Tennessee National Guard until 1951, retiring at the rank of Colonel. He was famously the subject of a movie in which Gary Cooper portrayed him.
As noted, York was undoubtedly the most famous enlisted man of World War One, and he was truly heroic. It's worth noting however that his accomplishments weren't entirely unique and there were several other instances of single American servicemen taking large numbers of prisoners under heroic circumstances, one of which we read about here just the other day. In some ways the difference with York was that he was of very humble origin and not a career soldier, where as the actions by soldiers like Michael B. Ellis, whom we read about the other day, were accomplishments of men from the Regular Army. These stories have a common aspect to them, however, in that they were undertaken by men who had extraordinary combat skill nearly singlehandedly, which was admirable but which also tends to show that the American Army was so green at the time that it proved to be necessary for extremely heroic men to undertake actions that were nearly suicidal in order to address the combat situation with which they were faced, rather than relying on coordinated unit actions. In York's case, a lifetime in the woods had prepared him for battle in a unique way.
2. On the same day that York's action earned the Medal of Honor, the same could be said of James Dozier.
Dozier started his military career in the South Carolina National Guard and had served on the Mexican boarder with that unit. When it was called into service for World War One he was commissioned an officer and was a 1st Lieutenant on this day when he took over his company when its commander was wounded, even though he also was. He commanded the unit over the next several hours, personally rushing one machinegun pit with the aid of a lieutenant. The men under his command took 470 prisoners.
He stayed in the South Carolina National Guard becoming its AG in the 1920s and retired in 1959 as a Lieutenant General.
3. On this day in 1918 British Empire forces launched a massive assault on the Germans near Cambrai. In two days they captured the towns but the over matched Germans nonetheless slowed the advance to the point where it needed to be halted.
That says something about the tenacity of the Germans even at this late stage of the war. The Germans had 180,000 men committed to the defense in this battle. The British Empire forces numbered 630,000. The British assault was a success, but the Germans none the less managed to require the British advance to halt.
Canadian troops on the Cambrai road, 1918.
4. Pvt. Abraham Krotoshinsky made his way through enemy lines to inform the American Army of the situation concerning the "Lost Battalion". He would lead troops back to the besieged soldiers.
Pvt. Krotoshinsky was a Polish Jew who had emigrated to the United States in 1912 to avoid service in the Imperial Russian Army. Following World War One he emigrated to Palestine but failed as a farmer and returned to the United States. Like Michael Ellis, discussed the other day, he was rescued from unemployment by President Coolige who ordered that he be provided with a job in the United States Postal Service.
5. The Desert Mounted Corps entered Beirut where they took 600 Ottoman troops without resistance.
6. Laramie and Casper closed public meeting places of all types:
