Marines were sent to police the town of Matamoros, Mexico, to protect American citizens and property as security in the town had been degraded. Matamoros is on the Gulf of Mexico, just south of the US/Mexican border.
Mexico was in a period of transition with no clear leader. Porfirio Díaz, had launched the Revolution of Tuxtepec against the newly elected Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada who had just taken over the office. It was Díaz's second rebellion against the government. He'd win this one, which would lead to his dictatorship that didn't end until 1911.
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