Monday, October 29, 1923. Turkey becomes a republic.

Turkey declared itself to be a republic, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti.  The Ottoman Empire, therefore, officially came to an end.

The office of Sultanate was abolished, but the office of Caliph retained for the time being.  The Ottoman flag was retained.

The first commercial radio broadcast in Germany was made.

German president Friedrich Ebert invoked Article 48 of the German constitution authorizing Chancellor Stresemann to remove government officials in Saxony from office, which was accordingly accomplished with armed force.

Saturday, October 27, 1923. Her aus.

The German government demanded that the Saxon government remove its two communist cabinet members.

In a Berlin bank on his day.

Mittwoch, October 24, 1923. Das Ende des Hamburger Aufstandes

Heinrich Vogeler: Hamburger Werftarbeiter

The Hamburg uprising came to an end in arrests of hundreds of Communists. Many more fled the city.  The end was precipitated by news that Hamburg, due to a courier error, was in a working class revolution all by itself.  The Communist Party, realizing what had occured, ordered its red troops to retreat.

Germany was in dire straights at the time, and a nationwide Communist revolution was not an impossibility, although the Moscow ordered uprising would likely have resulted in a civil war which the Red Army could not have joined due to Poland having defeated it earlier in the decade.

The collapse of the Communist uprising may have spared Germany from a thuggish totalitarian regime for almost a decade, as there's no reason to believe that the German Communists would have been any less bloody in victory than the Russian, Chinese, etc., ones were.

Tuesday, October 23, 1923. Turmoil.

The Hamburg Uprising, a Communist uprising in that city, began with seventeen police stations in the city and seven outside of it being attacked before dawn in an effort to arm the participants.

Governor Jack C. Walton of Oklahoma suspended from office after that state's House of Representatives voted to impeach him.

Sunday, October 21, 1923. Trouble in Germany.

The Reichswehr moved heavy weapons into Saxony.

The Rhenish Republic was proclaimed in a part of occupied Rhineland. Aachen was its capital.

German Communist leader Heinrich Brandler called for a general strike as a prelude to revolution, but the call received little support.  A courier for Hamburg sent earlier with a call for the uprising was not in attendance, so he carried the message forward to that city.

Thursday, October 18, 1923. Country music

Wendell Hall, popular early country music artist.  October 18, 1923.

The Saxon government rejected the Müller ultimatum.

Wednesday, October 17, 1923. Germany acts against the Proletarian Hundreds.

The Reichswehr was ordered into Saxony and Thuringia and the Saxon police force federalized.  It's commander,  General Alfred Müller demanded that Saxon Prime Minister Eric Zeigner order his economics minister Paul Böttcher to disavow a statement that called for the arming of the communist paramilitary organization Proletarian Hundreds.

Mrs. Coolidge enjoyed some cookies with the Girl Scouts.

Saturday, October 13, 1923. German October

The Reichstag enacted emergency powers that over road the constitution to deal with the ongoing economic crisis.  

Thuringian Prime Minister August Frölich took three Communists into his cabinet, the second Communist victory in what the Executive Committee of the Communist Party was planning to be its German October, the Communist takeover of Germany.

As an aside, there was no Oktoberfest in 1923.  The economy cancelled it.

Not content with just trying to spark a Communist revolution in Germany, the NKVD detonated the Polish munitions facility at the Warsaw Citadel. Twenty-eight Polish soldiers were killed.

Turkey moved its capital to Istanbul.

Irish Republic Army prisoners at Mountjoy prison announced a hunger strike.

The Yankees took game four of the World Series, beating the Giants 8 to 4.