Monday, July 14, 1924. Siberian revolt.

Forest fires in Washington, California, Idaho and British Columbia killed 35 people.

The Tungus Republic was declared within the Khabarovsk Krai and part of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union in Siberia.  Armed rebels against the Soviet state had been in action since May 10.

Flag of the Tungus Republic.

U.S. Army aviators reached Paris on their transglobal flight.

Alvey A. Adee, Deputy U.S. Secretary of State from 1886 until June 30, 1924, died at age 81.  He was the model for the fictional detective, Nero Wolfe.

On Bastille Day for 1924, a monument to French African soldiers who served in World War One was dedicated in Reims. The Germans destroyed it during World War Two.

Last edition:

Sunday, July 13, 1924. End of the occupation of the Dominican Republic.

Labels: 1920s, 1924, Banana Wars, Dominican Republic

Oh, great.

 As if the state's politics weren't goofy enough right now.

Sheriff Says Honor Wyoming’s Out-Of-State Organizer Has Ties To Bundy Standoff

Just what we need. 

First of all, the Bundy's aren't admirable. They broke the law and still are.  It's reprehensible.  

Secondly, this is one more example of how, over the past decade, Wyoming's politics has been succumbing to out of state entities and efforts.

Friday, May 2, 1924. Craters of the Moon.

President Coolidge placed an arms embargo on Cuba at the request of its government.  

Craters of the Moon National Monument was established.

WHEREAS, there is located in townships one south, one and two National Monument, north, ranges twenty-four and twenty-five east of the Boise Meridian, in Butte and Blaine Counties, Idaho, an area which contains a remarkable fissure eruption together with its associated volcanic cones, craters, rifts, lava flows, caves, natural bridges, and other phenomena characteristic of volcanic action which are of unusual scientific value and general interest; and

WHEREAS, this area contains many curious and unusual phenomena of great educational value and has a weird and scenic landscape peculiar to itself; and

WHEREAS, it appears that the public interest would be promoted by reserving these volcanic features as a National Monument, together with as much land as may be needed for the protection thereof.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America, by authority of the power in me vested by section two of the act of Congress entitled, “An Act for the preservation of American antiquities,” approved June eighth, nineteen hundred and

six (34 Stat., 225) do proclaim that there is hereby reserved from all forms of appropriation under the public land laws, subject to all valid existing claims, and set apart as a National Monument all that piece or parcel of land in the Counties of Butte and Blaine, State of Idaho, shown as the Craters of the Moon National Monument upon the diagram hereto annexed and made a part hereof.

Warning is hereby expressly given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy or remove any feature of this Monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof.

The Director of the National Park Service, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, shall have the supervision, management, and control of this Monument as provided in the act of Congress entitled, “An Act to establish a National Park Service and for other purposes,” approved August twenty-fifth, nineteen hundred and sixteen (39 Stat., 535) and Acts additional thereto or amendatory thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

DONE in the City of Washington this 2d day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and forty – eighth.

Sen. Robert Howell (R-Neb.) proposed that the Senate broadcast its proceedings via radio. 

Doing so would have cost $3,300,000 in 1924 dollars, which would be $100,000,000 now, thanks to inflation. The initiative died.

Last prior edition:

Thursday, May 1, 1924. Salt.

1920s, 1924, Automobiles, German Weimar Republic, Germany, Labor unrest, May Day, Medicine

Going Feral: Another lawsuit over wolves.

Going Feral: Another lawsuit over wolves.: 

Another lawsuit over wolves.

Ten entities intend to sue the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service for not extending protection for wolves under the Endangered Species Act.

When wolves were first introduced, it was my opinion that wolves themselves would not be a problem in the Rocky Mountain West, but the people who surround them.  

That has proven to be correct.

Going Feral: Another lawsuit over wolves.

Going Feral: Another lawsuit over wolves.: 

Another lawsuit over wolves.

Ten entities intend to sue the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service for not extending protection for wolves under the Endangered Species Act.

When wolves were first introduced, it was my opinion that wolves themselves would not be a problem in the Rocky Mountain West, but the people who surround them.  

That has proven to be correct.

July 5, 1943. The Battle of Kursk commences, as does the Battle of Kula Gulf. Betty Grable marries.

 Shrouded and myth and legend, not all of it true, the Battle of Kursk, the largest armored battle in history. . . so far. . .  began when the Germans launched an attack on the city with 20 infantry divisions and 3,000 tanks.   The attack was part of the German summer offensive, Operation Citadel.

The battle would go on for nearly two months.  Seemingly like a lot of big battles in the middle of World War Two which the Axis lost, it is considered by some a turning point in the war.

In real terms, it is not impossible, although it is unlikely, that those alive today shall see a yet greater armored battle.

The battle is important for numerous reasons, not the least of which was that it is stunning to think that at this stage of the war the Germans would be capable of launching such a massive effort on the Eastern Font, and yet they were.  Indeed, that was part of the point, as the Germans hoped that a successful operation would bolster the wavering attitudes of Germany's allies, which were known to be considering pulling out of the war.

Operation Citadel itself, in spite of its massive scale, had surprisingly limited objectives, and perhaps is reflective of a growing sense of realism, somewhat, in some German quarters. The Germans did not hope for a breakthrough, but mostly to disrupt the Red Army's plans for the summer and to take large numbers of Soviet POWs, which in turn it would have employed as slave labor.

While this battle shall of course feature in the next month or so, in reality the turning point of the war had already come.  The Germans had already lost the Battle of Stalingrad, North Africa, and the Battle of the Atlantic, all within the prior several months.  This battle was an enormous effort, but the Germans were not capable of reversing the tide of the war at this point.

The Battle of Kula Gulf off Kolombangara in the Solomon Islands. between the U.S. and Japanese navies, commenced as the US Navy deployed to disrupt the landing of Japanese reinforcements.  The battle was a nighttime battle, and the Japanese succeeded in landing 1600 troops at Vila and 90 tons of supplies, to the loss of four ships. The US lost a light cruiser.

A B-17 dropped four inert bombs on Boise, Idaho, which it mistook for its practice target.  The event is memorialized by a park in Boise today.

Betty Grable married bandleader Harry James.

Friday, June 29, 1923. Poincaré replies, The Tribune notices the Klan, Harding in Montana.

Replying to the Pope's letter of earlier that week, but not naming him by name, French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré stated in a speech in the French Senate "the only screw that we have on Germany is her desire to recover the Ruhr. We have no thought of annexation, and we energetically refute all accusations of imperialism. France does not wish to confiscate the Ruhr. We will keep it, however, until Germany has paid her debt."

The Tribune finally got around to reporting on recent events in Glenrock.

Preisdent Harding visited Butte and Helena Montana, delivering this speech in Helena:

My Countrymen:

One of the greatest lessons which the World War taught to society was a realization of its stupendous producing capacity under modern organization. When the war started many of us, probably most of us, believed it could not last very long because we could not conceive that it could be economically and industrially supported for a long time. We had been taught to believe that as a whole the community annually consumed pretty nearly all that it produced, and that in order to maintain this ratio it was necessary to keep all the producers steadily at work. We were convinced that when the most efficient producers were taken by millions away from the fields, the shops, the mines, and the offices, and set at the business of armed destruction, they would very presently pull down upon themselves the whole fabric of our complex industrial system, and that the war would be smothered in the ruins. This view was the basis of what became almost an obsession with many people, indeed with most of the best informed people, during the early stages of the war. It was commonly and freely said that economic exhaustion would compel an end to the struggle before a year, and a much more popular limitation was six months.

The event showed how very little we understood either the tremendous producing capacity of the community as a whole or the strength and solidity of our industrial structure. When the first year of the war had passed, the world was just beginning to realize that in all probability the struggle was only in its larger beginning. Millions of men had been called from the fields, and yet still other men were being trained for it. At the end of two years the war was greater than ever, and after three years it had still further expanded until it actually involved, whether as combatants or as the sources of supply for the combatants, the whole world. The industrial, the agricultural, the financial, the social, and spiritual forces of the world were mobilized at last for the great final test of strength. In the end that test was both military and economic. Victory rested upon the banners which were borne by the side that represented the greatest number of soldiers, of ships, of guns; which represented the greatest capacity to bring together, control, and fabricate the necessaries of war and to maintain great civil populations behind the lines.

It became very early a war of conscription. Governments conscripted their men for service in the field; patriotism and public opinion conscripted everybody else for work at home. A new system of division and dilution of labor was introduced through which men and women, boys and girls, old men and old women—millions of people who under the old order of peace days had been rejected from the realm of skilled production—were quickly trained to the most intricate and technical tasks. So, in the midst of the most destructive storm that mankind had ever invoked upon itself, there was presented the marvelous phenomenon of a world producing at a greater rate than it had ever done before.

How was this gigantic industrial phenomenon wrought? By putting everybody at work. By inducing everybody to work to the limit of strength and capacity. By paying the workers at rates which enlisted their utmost eagerness to produce to the limit. Yes, if you please, by letting labor and capital and management all engage more or less in profiteering at the expense of society as a whole. Unheard-of wages were paid to people who in other times would have been considered quite incapable of earning them, but who, under the stimulus of the emergency, became effective and absolutely necessary factors in the industrial organization. Particularly was this true of the women, young and old, who took up tasks in the shop, the field, the transportation systems, and behind the lines of combatants, such as had never before been assigned to them. And the women made good so emphatically, so impressively, that as to-day we look over the whole field of the world mobilization and the world conflict we realize that something very much like a revolution was effected in the varied relationships of the industrial community.

Viewed in the retrospect we see more clearly than ever the sordid side, of war. I have said before, and I choose to repeat it very deliberately now, that if war must come again—God grant that it shall not!—then we must draft all of the nation in carrying on. It is not enough to draft the young manhood. It is not enough to accept the voluntary service of both women and men whose patriotic devotion impels their enlistment. It will be righteous and just, it will be more effective in war and marked by less regret in the aftermath, if we draft all of capital, all of industry, all of agriculture, all of commerce, all of talent and capacity and energy of every description to make the supreme and united and unselfish fight for the national triumph. When we do that there will be less of war. When we do that the contest will be aglow with unsullied patriotism, untouched by profiteering in any service.

Of course, we are striving to make conditions of foreign relations and so fashion our policies that we may never be involved in war again. If we are committed to universal service—that is, the universal commitment of every American resource and activity—without compensation except the consciousness of service and the exaltations in victory, we will be slower to make war and more swift in bringing it to a triumphant dose. Let us never again make draft on our manhood without as exacting a draft on all we possess in the making of the industrial, financial, commercial, and spiritual life of the republic.

If we had been in a state of mind to philosophize about it all, I think we might have recognized that women have been for a long time preparing themselves for this tremendous incursion into the field of industrial production. For a long time before the war began there had been evidence of a reaction among the women against the old ideals of the Victorian period. For three or four decades, the more venturesome women had been timidly breaking away from the old-fashioned home and its old-fashioned ideals. Even those who viewed the new-woman movement with greatest misgiving and least approval had already been compelled to recognize that a new and revolutionary idea was taking possession of them. We might iterate and reiterate, and theorize and dogmatize, upon the old thesis that the place for woman was in the home; but we will have to admit that despite all our preachments, all our urgings, all our misgivings, woman wasn't staying there. She was teaching in the schools, she was accounting for perhaps a majority of the graduates from the high schools, and a big and increasing minority of the student community in the colleges and universities. She was practicing law and medicine, preaching sermons, working in the shops, the offices, the factories; she was, in short, becoming a competitor with her brother in almost all the departments of productive effort and activity.

Then came the war, and all at once even the most dubious among us realized that the women, everywhere, constituted the first line of industrial reserves upon which society must fall back in its great crisis. They volunteered for every service in which they could be useful, and at once established their right to a new and more important industrial status. They built ships, they operated munition factories, they learned to perform the heaviest and most difficult tasks; they tilled the fields, filled the offices, largely conducted the hospitals, and even served as most useful auxiliaries to forces on the battlefield. Not as a boon, but as a duty, full partnership in the conduct of political affairs was conferred upon them.

All this has inevitably worked a profound change in the relation of woman to the social and political organization. We may approve it or disapprove it, we may view it with satisfaction or with misgiving, but the fact is before us that woman has taken a new place in the community. And just as her participation in the industrial sphere expands, so her relations to the home and its interest is necessarily contracted. Whether we account it wise or otherwise, we must recognize that the tendency is to take the modern mother more and more away from the control, the training, the intellectual guidance and spiritual direction of her children. The day nursery, and after that the kindergarten begins to care for her children in the earliest years; after that come the public school, the high school, the college and the university, taking over from her more and more of the responsibility and influence over the children. We may entertain the old-fashioned prejudices against this development; but we are compelled to recognize that under modem conditions a large and increasing proportion of women are bound to be at the same time mothers in the home and industrial producers or professional workers outside the home, or else they must be denied the service and responsibility of motherhood.

Frankly, I am one of those old-fashioned people who would be glad if the way could be found to maintain the traditional relations of father, mother, children, and home. But very plainly these relations are in process of a great modification. The most we can do, to the utmost possible extent, is to readapt our conditions of industry and of living so as to enable the mothers to make the utmost of their lessened opportunity for shaping the lives and minds of their children. We must hope, and we must make it possible, that mothers will not assume, when their babes of yesterday become the schoolboys and schoolgirls of to-day, that the responsibility of the mother is ended, and that the teacher, the school authorities, the college, the state, will henceforth assume it. Rather, we must recognize that no other influence can possibly be substituted for that of motherhood; and we must make it possible for the mothers to cooperate with these social institutions of the new order, to give the children so far as possible the privileges of a home atmosphere which will supplement the advantages of mere education and training. It must be made possible for the mothers to familiarize themselves with the problems of the people, the school superintendents, the college authorities, the health and sanitation officials. In short, the mothers must be placed in such position that despite their obligations outside the home they shall not have to surrender their domestic responsibility. Rather, means must be found to enable them, through the varied instrumentalities which, society affords, to equip themselves for the better discharge of their responsibility toward the children of the land.

Through such effort as this there will be opportunity for a great service. Those mothers who have the advantage of the best material and intellectual opportunities will, if they make the most of these advantages, help greatly to improve the conditions of children that come from families and homes less fortunately situated. They will be able to help in lifting up the poorer, the less fortunate children, to a higher level. The mother who tirelessly seeks rightly to train her own children, to instill into them that indefinable essence which we know as good breeding, will be performing this service not alone for her own children, but in only less measure for the children who come from homes less blessed with the finer things of life. Herein is the supreme advantage of the public-school system. I have never been able to find much satisfaction in die good fortune of families who, when they are able to do it, prefer to take their children out of the public schools and give them the doubtful advantage of more exclusive educational methods. I think we should cling to the democracy of the public schools.

The teacher, and the authorities back of her, must be equally ready to cooperate with the home and the mother. In the home must still be performed the duty of instilling into the child those fundamental concepts of religion and of faith which are essential to rightly shaping the character of citizens, and therefore of the nation. It would be an irreparable mistake if in surrendering to society a larger responsibility for the child's intellectual and physical well being, we should forget the necessity for proper religious training. That duty must be performed in the home; it will always be peculiarly the duly of a mother.

Mankind never has stood more in need than it does now of the consolations and reassurances which derive from a firm religious faith. We are living in a time of many uncertainties, of weakened faith in the efficiency of institutions, of industrial systems, of economic hypotheses, of dictum and dogma in whatever sphere. Yet we all know that there are certain fundamental truths of life and duty and destiny which will stand eternal, through the evolution and the revolution of systems and societies founded by mankind. There must be no mistake whereby we shall confuse the things which are of eternity with those which are of time. We must not let our engrossment with the things of matter and of mind distract us from a proper concern for those which are of the spirit and the soul.

It must be kept ever in mind that the higher and finer attributes of humanity will rarely be developed from a human seedling planted in a soil adapted chiefly to the production of that which is selfish and sordid, in which it will be forced by special circumstances to struggle unduly for the bare continuance of existence. We will not grow strong minds in unsound bodies, nor may we hope that illuminated souls will often seek habitation in human frames weakened and tortured by disease and malnutrition. To an astounding and alarming certainty it has been demonstrated that a large proportion of school children, and even of adults, suffer from undernourishment. I may congratulate you that there is little of it in the West. Perhaps it is true that as to most of the adults the fault is of the individual rather than society. Whether that be true or not we can at least agree that the children are not to be blamed for their share in such misfortunes. If society has permitted the development of a system under which the citizens, of to-morrow suffer these deprivations to-day, then the obligation is surely upon society to right the wrong and to insure justice to the children who are not responsible for being here.

But we can not expect to bring full justice, full equality of circumstances and opportunity to the children, unless we shall make it possible for the parents. We are all too much given, I suspect, to a rather unthinking admiration for our highly mechanized social system under which we have so abundantly produced wealth and the possibilities of comfort and culture. We have not thought enough about the evils attendant upon the great inequities which mark the distribution of our stupendous product. But we are coming into a time when more and more we are giving thought to these things. Our satisfaction in the material achievements of our industrial age is being qualified as it never was before by our questionings along these lines. We are thinking of the weaker links in the social chain. We believe the equality of opportunity must be attended by a fitness to embrace it.

Here, again, the war was responsible for a great broadening of our social vision. It made its demand upon the highest and the lowest, the proudest and the humblest. It demanded a sacrifice that was just as great in the case of the poor man as the rich man. What was more, it brought a realization of the fact that men and women were of real service to the community just in proportion as they were capable of producing the things that were needed. So the workers, the builders, the producers attained a new sense of their dignity and importance. Contemplating its supreme crisis, the community was willing to render to those who were capable of serving it effectively in this juncture a greater share of their product than they had formerly been accustomed to receive. Wages, the world over, went to new high levels, salaries and fixed incomes shrank to lower levels of actual exchange value. There was a leveling up from the lower strata and downward from the higher. On the whole, despite many instances of injustice and of maladjustment in this process, its results marked a long advance on the road to equity and justice as among all elements of the community. A few years of civilization's desperate grapple with destiny brought to the working masses of the world an aggregate betterment of conditions, a general improvement of circumstances and opportunity, which otherwise would, have been possible only through the slow processes of generations.

We know now that the advances which were thus effected in the direction of social justice and economic equality will not be relinquished without determined opposition. There were those who, regarding the injustices of the old order as inevitable, mistakenly assumed that by a simple process which they called the "deflation of labor" the old relationships would presently be restored. They insisted that "wages must come down"; some of them went so far as to sound the slogan that "organized labor must be crushed." These have forgotten the lesson in organization, in cooperation, in community of sacrifice, by which civilization had been able to rescue itself. They had forgotten that the right of organization, and of cooperative dealings, is not any longer the special prerogative of management and of capital. The right of men, and brains, and skill, and brawn, to organize, to bargain through organizations, to select their own leaders and spokesmen, is no wit less absolute than is the right of management and of capital to form and work through those great concentrations of interests which we call corporations.

Labor, indeed, is fast becoming one of the great builders of capital. Whether it concentrates its savings by depositing them in its own banks, of which the number is rapidly increasing, or pools them with the general savings of society by making its deposits in other banks, the result is the same. Labor is more and more coming to be the financier and backer of its own employment. We shall not go back to the time when considerable elements in the community were wont to assume that a sharp line of demarcation should be drawn between labor and capital. Labor is becoming more and more a capitalist on its own account, and capital is more and more discovering that it must work, must contribute, must give us, through some superiority of method and management, a justification for its existence as a sort of separate estate. Those to whom the management and investment of capital is intrusted must recognize, as I know most of them already do, that the right of organization, and the title to those special efficiencies which come to organization, is not the exclusive prerogative of capital. It is equally the prerogative of labor.

I am quite aware that there were some who imagined, before the present administration was voted into responsibility, that it was going at least to acquiesce if not definitely sympathize with projects for the deflation of labor and the overthrow of labor organizations. Before this time these have come to realize their error. Nothing has been farther from the purpose of the present administration than any thought of destroying the right of either labor or capital to organize, and each to deal in its organized capacity.

We have recognized that there are evils and abuses on both sides of the almost imaginary line which now is presumed to separate labor and capital. We have wished and sought to minimize these abuses, through better organizations and better understanding, without destroying organizations or the right to form them. We have not wished to compel men to work when they did not want to work; we have not wished to compel employers to keep men at work under conditions which were impossible; but we have earnestly sought to lessen the occasions for conflict between the two parties. We have tried to bring to both of them a realization that both owed in this connection an obligation to the great public interest which is always the great sufferer by reason of their conflict.

In this connection let me say quite frankly that I know there were some elements which hoped for a great and decisive conflict between organized employment and organized labor, and that those elements were not all on either side of the imaginary dividing line. On the capital side of the line were those who hoped that the administration would lend itself to their program of breaking down organized labor and sending it back to the era of individual bargaining for the individual job. On the labor side of the line were those who hoped, by exorbitant demands and an attitude of uncompromising insistence, to force the nationalization of some of our most important industries and services. Between these two extreme groups, confident we had behind us the overwhelming public opinion of the nation, we have tried to hold the scales even; to prevent on the one side the destruction of organized labor, and on the other side to frustrate those programs which looked to the ultimate destruction of private capital and the nationalization of all the instrumentalities of production.

How well have we succeeded? At least, we have saved the nation from the extremists of both sides. Those who were sure that our salvation lay in the destruction of organized labor and the precipitated reduction of wages have found -that the national administration was not disposed to Acquiesce in their program. For many months past they have noted that the demand for labor was greater than the supply; that instead of millions of men out of jobs, there were tens of thousands of jobs without workers; that instead of a sharp and progressive reduction of labor's wage, there has been now for a long time a steady; continuing, persistent increase in that wage. On the other side, those who would have been glad to drive the country into an industrial crisis through the stoppage of production, arid to force the nationalization or communization of industry, have been equally disappointed in the outcome.

I believe our policy, and its results, have reflected the sound judgment of the overwhelming majority of the American people. I believe this people is firmly and finally committed to the ideal of preserving the fullest rights of private initiative and private enterprise, together with the right of organization on both sides of the line between capital and labor, and always consistent with the right of the public to be served efficiently and at a reasonable cost.

We have come thus far, and thus fortunately, through the most difficult period of reconstruction that we have ever known. We have been sheltered against the world storm of tendency to social revolution. The best test of policy is by results. By that test, we ask no more than a fair and reasoned verdict on our program; We ask that its results be compared with the showing, in these after-war years, that can be presented by any other country on the face of the earth. We ask that you examine the contrast, thoughtfully and seriously, between the general state of the public weal in this country and in others. For our vindication, we point to a great nation, its credit preserved, its industries crowded to the point of capacity production, its people employed, its wage scales high beyond all comparison with any other in the world, its banking system standing as the final bulwark of sound money and the gold standard, and its average level of comfort and prosperity unexampled among the races of men.

If I could make the fortunate picture stand out by offering contrast, I would speak of Russia and the colossal failure of its mad experiment. The dissatisfied working forces of America, where there are such, and the parlor theorists who have yet to create a single, thing useful to aspiring human kind, will find there less of freedom, much less of reward, and little of hope in much proclaimed emancipation. Royal absolutism has been destroyed, only to be superseded by what appears to be despotism in the name of democracy. To a limited few of democracy's advocates has come vast power. Perhaps wealth attends. Undoubtedly a new Russia is in the making, and there is no doubt the present sponsorship will survive.

Apart from the tragedy of it all, I am glad Russia is making the experiment. If twenty centuries of the Christian era and its great story of human progress and the countless centuries before the light of Christianity flamed have been lived and recorded upon mistaken theories of a righteous social order, then everything is wrong, Christianity a failure, and all of civilization a failure. I think Russia is going to rivet anew our belief in established social order. Meanwhile we know ours is the best the world has revealed, and I preach the gospel of holding fast to that which has proven good, ever trying in good conscience to make it better, and consider and treat as an enemy every man who chooses our land as a haven in which to assail the very institutions which shelter him.

There are two phases of the commitment of the great human family.

It is of little use to advance unless we hold to the advanced position. It is useless to construct unless we preserve. In the recognized test which our civilization is now undergoing America's supreme task is one of preservation. I call upon America to protect and preserve.

His rail route took him through Idaho from Utah the prior day, so this was an example, really of extensive backtracking.

The 2023 Wyoming Legislative Session. The Waking Up Edition (Vol 1).

June 18, 2022

Oh no . . . isn't this a bit early?

Why yes, but we already have bills circulating, including Wyoming Stablecoin, again.

Wyoming Stablecoin would be a Wyoming issued, bond backed, bit currency.  It passed last year, under the wire, and then the Governor vetoed it.  Apparently the State Treasurer was a bit relieved at that.

Legislators are trying again.

August 23, 2022

The Corporations Committee is again considering a ranked choice voting bill.

August 26, 2022

The Corporations Committee approved a motion to draft a bill to strip the Secretary of State of his sole authority over elections, undoubtedly a vote of no confidence on the incoming occupant of that office, Chuck Gray.

From a Newsweek reporter:

Nick Reynolds

@IAmNickReynolds

·

13h

After a candidate who has denied the results of the 2020 election won his Secretary of State primary in Wyoming, it looks like the Joint Corporations Committee has just approved a motion to draft legislation stripping the office's sole authority to oversee the state's elections.

The bill, when drafted, will have to get past the committee, and into the full legislature, where I'd guess that it's unlikely to be passed.

Legislator Charlie Scott, a long time presence in the legislature, voted against the measure and reminded fellow committee members of the prior effort to restrain the powers of Cindy Hill, the controversial Superintendent of Public Instruction.  That ultimately ended up in a court battle which the State lost, which in some ways might be regarded as a bit of a prequel to where the state's politics are now at.

August 27, 2022

Two ranked choice bills are being considered in the Corporation's Committee.  One would make primaries ranked choice with no party affiliation.  The other would allow for municipalities to adopt the system.

The elimination of parties from primaries would be a big step forward in my opinion. As Cale Case noted, this should end the complaints about Democrats switching to the Republicans in order to have a chance to vote in the election that's come to be the final determinant more often than not in who will hold office. And it would restore a measure of democracy to the state's elections that has been declining by advancing the top primary picks to the general irrespective of party.

August 31, 2022

The complaint filed against Anthony Bouchard by a lobbyist will be determined before the commencement of the next legislative session.

September 13, 2022

The legislature will not consider a bill to make illegal drug use while pregnant a felony.

It should be noted, of course, that for the most part illegal drug use is already a felony.

This gets to a bill mentioned within the last couple of days that would make vehicular homicide resulting in the death of a pedestrian a felony, according to how it was reported. But vehicular homicide is also already a felony.

Both bills go towards the modern trend of making something already illegal, illegal again in a special way, often with a different penalty. 

October 18, 2022

A legislative committee tabled an open primary and ranked choice voting system bill, all but killing it in light of the fact that the incoming legislature will be more right wing and populist than the current one.

In enacted, Wyoming would have effectively no longer bothered with internal party races, but simply have had primaries that eliminated the least popular candidates so that the two most popular ones could have gone on to the general election.  If that had been the case this year, for example, chances are high that we'd still have two candidates competing for Secretary of State.

A bill for ranked choice voting for local races proceeded.

Score one for the forces opposed to wider democracy and liberation from the two party system.

October 19, 2022

A bill in the legislature would remove political parties from the process if an elected incumbent in state office leaves office.  This is targeted at avoiding future embarrassing appointments to said offices, such as the state received in the case of the recent Interim Secretary of State and Superintendent of Public Instruction.

If over half the term remains, a special election would be held.  In the cases in which less than half remains, depending upon the office, the Governor or the County Commissioners will pick the successor.  The successor would still have to be a member of the political party that the vacating individual ones.

This is definitely an improvement, but more and more the role of political parties in general in this process is questionable.  Americans are so used to them that they think of the "two party system" as thought it's written into our organic documents, which it is not.\

Idaho Outtake: A bill to ban drag performances in public venues will be introduced in Idaho's legislature next session. 

November 15, 2022

The Republican Party Central Committee has issued a series of resolutions directing the legislature to take action as follows:

a.  Take the Federal lands away from the Federal government, which is effectively a declaration of war against Wyoming's citizens, which hate this concept.

b.  Preclude party switching 30 days before the election.

c. "Take actions" against the Federal recommendation that the COVID 19 vaccine be given to children.

d.  Investigate the roles of George Soros and Bill Gates in Wyoming's energy industry.

e.  Something about trans in schools, but I didn't follow it.  Part of that may have been to require participants in high school sports to participate in the category of their gender at birth.

Some of these resolutions are socially conservative, some are just extreme, others are flat out nuts.

November 20, 2022

Wyoming Republicans beat back a challenge from the populist far right on Speaker of the House, choosing Albert Sommers as the next Speaker over Mark Jennings.   Clark Stith was chosen Speaker Pro Tempore over a populist challenger.

Cyrus Western was chosen as Majority Whip.  Ogden Driskill was chosen as President of the Senate.  All in all, therefore, Wyoming Republicans won over Populists.

December 3, 2022

A bill has advanced to allow legislators and their families to enroll in the state's health insurance system.

A bill that provides that a Game Warden can always cite somebody for trespassing has advanced.

December 7, 2022

A bill to bad gender reassignment medical procedures is being drafted.

All the data on this shows at a bare minimum that a high percentage of those undergoing such medical treatment regret it with often disastrous results.  Little noticed, to add to it, the process of medically delaying puberty in order to aid in this process likewise is disastrous.  The extent to which "transgenderism" isn't really even scientifically supported is little noted.  Nonetheless, the societal trend right now is such that the headline in this referred to this area as "gender care", when in the future such treatment is likely to be regarded the way lobotomies on minors are regarded now.  The article I read used the phrase "gender affirming" care repeatedly, which in reality in completely contrary to what such procedures are aimed at.

December 8, 2022

Some bills that have made it to the assembly line.  I'm not going to post all of them, as they aren't all that interesting. But here's a couple that are a bit interesting.

In the first one, the legislature takes on young love, or something.

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0297

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0007

 

 

Underage marriage-amendments.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Zwonitzer, Dn and Oakley and Senator(s) Case and Furphy

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to domestic relations; amending the minimum marriageable age; specifying that marriages involving persons under age sixteen (16) are void; making conforming amendments; specifying applicability; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 20‑1‑102, 20‑1‑103(c)(iii), 20‑1‑105(b) and 20‑2‑101(a) by creating a new paragraph (iv) and (b) are amended to read:

 

20‑1‑102.  Minimum marriageable age; exception; parental consent.

 

(a)  At the time of marriage the parties shall be at least sixteen (16) eighteen (18) years of age except as otherwise provided. No person shall marry who is under the age of sixteen (16) years.

 

(b)  All marriages involving a person under sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years of age are prohibited and voidable, unless before contracting the marriage a judge of a court of record in Wyoming approves the marriage and authorizes the county clerk to issue a license therefor. All marriages involving a person under sixteen (16) years of age are void.

 

(c)  When either party is a minor sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years of age, no license shall be granted without the verbal consent, if present, and written consent, if absent, of the father, mother, guardian or person having the care and control of the minor person sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years of age. Written consent shall be proved by the testimony of at least one (1) competent witness.

 

20‑1‑103.  License; required.

 

(c)  Unless there is an order to waive the requirements of this section by a judge of a court of record in the county pursuant to W.S. 20‑1‑105, the clerk shall refuse to issue a license if:

 

(iii)  Either party is a minor sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years of age and the consent of a parent or guardian has not been given.

 

20‑1‑105.  Judge may order license issued.

 

(b)  If either party is under sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years of age, the parents or guardians may apply to any judge of a court of record in the county of residence of the minor person sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years of age for an order authorizing the marriage and directing the issuance of a marriage license. If the judge believes it advisable, he shall enter an order authorizing the marriage and directing the county clerk to issue a license. Upon filing of a certified copy of the order with the county clerk, the county clerk shall issue a license and endorse thereon the fact of the issuance of the order. No person authorized to perform marriage ceremonies in Wyoming shall perform any marriage ceremony if either party is under the age specified by this subsection unless the license contains the endorsement of sixteen (16) years.

 

20‑2‑101.  Void and voidable marriages defined; annulments.

 

(a)  Marriages contracted in Wyoming are void without any decree of divorce:

 

(iv)  When either party is under sixteen (16) years of age at the time of contracting the marriage.

 

(b)  A marriage is voidable if solemnized when either party was under the age of legal consent sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years of age unless a judge gave consent, if they separated during nonage and did not cohabit together afterwards, or if the consent of one (1) of the parties was obtained by force or fraud and there was no subsequent voluntary cohabitation of the parties.

 

Section 2.  This act shall apply to all marriages entered into on and after July 1, 2023.

 

Section 3.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

What this bill does is wipe out the chance that really young marriages occur, which is likely a good thing.  As a practical matter, it would have been pretty much impossible to secure permission from the courts for a really young marriage, but changing the law is worthwhile.

The second takes on drones over property.

SENATE FILE NO. SF0034

 

 

Trespass by small unmanned aircraft.

 

Sponsored by: Joint Judiciary Interim Committee

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to crimes and offenses; creating the crime of trespass by small unmanned aircraft; providing a penalty; providing definitions; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 6‑3‑308 is created to read:

 

6‑3‑308.  Trespass by small unmanned aircraft.

 

(a)  A person is guilty of trespass by small unmanned aircraft if the person causes a small unmanned aircraft to enter into the immediate reaches of the airspace over the private property of a landowner and the entry substantially interferes with the landowner's or his authorized occupant's use and enjoyment of the land. For purposes of this section "aircraft", "unmanned aircraft" and "small unmanned aircraft" means as defined in 14 C.F.R. 1.1 as of September 13, 2022.

 

(b)  Any person convicted of violating subsection (a) of this section shall be punished by a fine not to exceed seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), by imprisonment not to exceed six (6) months, or both.

 

Section 2.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

No flying those drones to the annoyance of others, in other words.

December 10, 2022

This thread on our companion blog deals with legislation in the 2023 Wyoming Legislative Session.  I noted one that pertains to a type of aircraft, drones, here:

I didn't cover them all, however, there are a couple of others.  Here's one:

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0110

 

 

 

SENATE FILE NO. SF0032

 

 

Prohibiting drones over penal institutions.

 

Sponsored by: Joint Judiciary Interim Committee

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to crimes and offenses; prohibiting the use of unmanned aircraft systems as specified; authorizing the department of corrections to take reasonable actions against unmanned aircraft systems trespassing over or in penal institutions; providing definitions; providing penalties; providing exceptions; requiring rulemaking; and providing for effective dates.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 6‑5‑214 is created to read:  

 

6‑5‑214.  Unmanned aircraft systems and correctional institutions; definitions; penalties.

 

(a)  As used in this section:

 

(i)  "Contraband" means as defined in W.S. 6‑5‑213(c)(i);

 

(ii)  "Penal institution or correctional facility" means as defined in W.S. 6‑5‑213(c)(ii);

 

(iii)  "Unmanned aircraft system":

 

(A)  Means an unmanned, powered aircraft that:

 

(I)  Does not carry a human operator;

 

(II)  Can be autonomous or remotely piloted or operated; and

 

(III)  Can be expendable or recoverable.

 

(B)  Does not include:

 

(I)  A satellite orbiting the earth;

 

(II)  An unmanned aircraft system used by the United States Government or a person who is acting pursuant to a contract with the United States Government;

 

(III)  An unmanned aircraft system used by the state for purposes of state business;

 

(IV)  An unmanned aircraft system used by a law enforcement agency, emergency medical service agency, hazardous materials response team, disaster management agency, or other emergency management agency for the purpose of incident command, area reconnaissance, personnel and equipment deployment monitoring, training, or a related purpose.

 

(b)  Except as authorized by a person in charge of the penal institution or correctional facility, no person shall intentionally:

 

(i)  Photograph, surveil, broadcast or otherwise record a penal institution or correctional facility through the use of an unmanned aircraft system;

 

(ii)  Convey or attempt to convey contraband to a person confined in a penal institution or correctional facility through the use of an unmanned aircraft system; or

 

(iii)  Deliver or attempt to deliver a deadly weapon into a penal institution or correctional facility through the use of an unmanned aircraft system.

 

(c)  Any person who violates paragraphs (b)(i) or (ii) of this section is guilty of misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, a fine of not more than two thousand dollars ($2,000.00), or both. Any person who violates paragraph (b)(iii) of this section is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than ten (10) years, a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00), or both.

 

(d)  A person who uses an unmanned aircraft system under one (1) or more of the exclusions specified in subdivisions (a)(iii)(B)(II) through (IV) of this section shall provide reasonable notice of the intended use of the unmanned aircraft system at the penal institution or correctional facility to the person in charge of the institution or facility.

 

(e)  The person in charge of a penal institution or correctional facility may take or authorize the use of reasonable actions to prevent or stop the use of unmanned aircraft systems operating in violation of this section consistent with rules and regulations promulgated by the department of corrections pursuant to W.S. 25‑1‑105(h).

 

Section 2.  W.S. 25‑1‑105 by creating a new subsection (h) is amended to read:

 

25‑1‑105.  Powers of department; care of persons committed outside of state.

 

(h)  The department of corrections shall promulgate rules specifying reasonable actions a person in charge of a penal institution or correctional facility may take to stop or prevent a violation of W.S. 6‑5‑214(b).

 

Section 3.  The department of corrections shall promulgate any rules necessary to implement this act.

 

Section 4.  

 

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(b)  Sections 3 and 4 of this act are effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)

And here's one that pertains to manned aircraft.

SENATE FILE NO. SF0033

 

 

Defining aircraft for purposes of hunting prohibitions.

 

Sponsored by: Joint Judiciary Interim Committee

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to game and fish; providing a definition of "aircraft" for purposes of the prohibition on the use of aircraft for hunting and other purposes as specified; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 23‑3‑306(a) is amended to read:

 

23‑3‑306.  Use of aircraft, automobiles, motorized and snow vehicles and artificial light for hunting or fishing prohibited; exceptions; penalties.

 

(a)  No person shall harass, pursue, hunt, shoot, or kill any Wyoming wildlife except predatory animals with, from, or by use of any aircraft, automotive vehicle, trailer, motor‑propelled wheeled vehicle, or vehicle designed for travel over snow. No person shall use any aircraft, to aid in the taking of any Wyoming wildlife, except predatory animals, whether by spotting or locating the wildlife, communicating with any person attempting to take the wildlife, or by providing other aid to any person taking the wildlife. Nothing in this subsection shall apply to the use of any aircraft by governmental agencies, their employees, contractors or designees performing any lawful duties. The commission may exempt handicapped hunters from any provision of this subsection. For purposes of this section "aircraft" means any machine or device capable of atmospheric flight including but not limited to an airplane, helicopter, glider, dirigible or unmanned aerial vehicle.

 

Section 2.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

Dirigible?

December 19, 2022:

Stogie economics:

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0062

 

 

 

SENATE FILE NO. SF0042

 

 

Taxation of cigars.

 

Sponsored by: Joint Revenue Interim Committee

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to tobacco taxes; specifying a maximum tax on cigars; providing that the tax on a premium cigar is due following the sale of the cigar; providing a definition; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 39‑18‑101(a) by creating a new paragraph (xii), 39‑18‑104(c) and (d) and 39‑18‑107(a)(i), (ii), (b)(i), (ii) and (c)(i)(intro) are amended to read:

 

39‑18‑101.  Definitions.

 

(a)  As used in this article:

 

(xii)  "Premium cigar" means a cigar that:

 

(A)  Is wrapped in whole tobacco leaf;

 

(B)  Is handmade or hand rolled; and

 

(C)  Has no filter, non‑tobacco tip or non‑tobacco mouthpiece.

 

39‑18‑104.  Taxation rate.

 

(c)  In addition to the other taxes imposed by this section, there is levied and assessed upon cigars, snuff and other tobacco products purchased or imported into this state by wholesalers for resale, except cigarettes and moist snuff taxed under this section, an excise tax at the rate of twenty percent (20%) of the wholesale purchase price at which the tobacco products are purchased by wholesalers from manufacturers. The tax rate under this subsection shall not exceed thirty cents ($0.30) per premium cigar.

 

(d)  The tax imposed by subsection (c) of this section shall also be imposed upon the use or storage by consumers of cigars, snuff and other tobacco products other than cigarettes and moist snuff in this state, and upon those consumers, at the rate of ten percent (10%) of the retail price of the cigar, snuff or other tobacco product other than cigarettes and moist snuff.  This tax shall not apply if the tax imposed by subsection (c) of this section has been paid. The tax rate under this subsection shall not exceed thirty cents ($0.30) per premium cigar.

 

39‑18‑107.  Compliance; collection procedures.

 

(a)  Returns and reports.  The following shall apply:

 

(i)  Each wholesaler shall keep complete and accurate records of all nicotine products purchased and sold for three (3) years. The records shall be in the form prescribed by the department and will be available for inspection by the department at any reasonable time. The department may investigate and examine the stock of cigarettes and premium cigars upon any premises where they are stored or sold;

 

(ii)  On or before the tenth day of each calendar quarter, every consumer who, during the preceding calendar quarter, has acquired title to or possession of nicotine products for use or storage in this state, upon which products the tax imposed by W.S. 39‑18‑103(a)(iii) and (v) has not been paid, shall file a return with the department showing the quantity of such products so acquired. The return shall be made upon a form furnished and prescribed by the department and shall contain such other information as the department may require. The return shall be accompanied by a remittance for the full unpaid tax liability shown by it, provided that the tax on premium cigars shall be due upon the sale of the premium cigars as provided in subsection (b) of this section.

 

(b)  Payment.  The following shall apply:

 

(i)  There is levied and shall be collected and paid to the department an excise tax at the rate imposed by W.S. 39‑18‑104(a) and (c) upon the sale of each cigarette and premium cigar sold by wholesalers;

 

(ii)  There is levied and shall be paid to the department an excise tax at the rate imposed by W.S. 39‑18‑104(b) and (d) upon the use or storage by consumers of cigarettes and premium cigars in Wyoming but only if the tax imposed by paragraph (i) of this subsection has not been paid;

 

(c)  Timelines.  The following shall apply:

 

(i)  No later than the twentieth day of the month following the sale of cigarettes and premium cigars, or the month following the end of the calendar quarter for nicotine products other than cigarettes and premium cigars, each wholesaler shall return to the department the following information on forms furnished by the department:

 

Section 2.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

Postponing the bench:

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0384

 

 

 

SENATE FILE NO. SF0055

 

 

Chancery court vacancies-extension amendment.

 

Sponsored by: Senator(s) Nethercott, Landen and Schuler and Representative(s) Oakley, Olsen, Stith and Washut

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to courts; amending requirements for filling chancery court vacancies; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 5‑13‑109(b) is amended to read:

 

5‑13‑109.  Temporary assignment to fill vacancies; appointments to fill vacancies in office.

 

(b)  Beginning January 1, 2024 2025, the office of judge of the chancery court and any vacancies therein shall be filled as provided by W.S. 5‑13‑107.

 

Section 2.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

Staying airborne?

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0108

 

 

 

SENATE FILE NO. SF0056

 

 

Prohibiting travel across private land for hunting purposes.

 

Sponsored by: Joint Judiciary Interim Committee

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to game and fish; expanding the prohibition for entering private property without permission for hunting purposes to also prohibit traveling through the private property; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 23‑3‑305(b) is amended to read:

 

23‑3‑305.  Hunting from highway; entering or traveling through private property without permission; penalty; hunting at night without permission prohibited.

 

(b)  No person shall enter upon, travel through or return across the private property of any person to take wildlife, hunt, fish, collect antlers or horns, or trap without the permission of the owner or person in charge of the property. Violation of this subsection constitutes a low misdemeanor punishable as provided in W.S. 23‑6‑202(a)(v). For purposes of this subsection "travel through or return across" requires physically touching or driving on the surface of the private property.

 

Section 2.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

December 30, 2022

An important bill has been introduced in the House which would mix the order in which names appear on ballots.

023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0148

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0055

 

 

Election ballot order and party affiliation.

 

Sponsored by: Joint Corporations, Elections & Political Subdivisions Interim Committee

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to elections; amending the process to determine the position of candidates on the general election ballot; allowing independent candidates to list a party affiliation; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 22‑6‑120(a)(vii) and 22‑6‑121(a)(intro) are amended to read:

 

22‑6‑120.  Format of general election ballot.

 

(a)  The general election ballot shall be printed in substantial compliance with this format:

 

(vii)  The names of partisan party candidates, if candidates have filed, and independent candidates, if candidates have filed, shall be printed in a separate column or columns, row or rows, and the name of the party represented or the word "Independent" shall be printed directly above the candidate's name or at the end of the row. If there are a number of candidates representing a party, or independents, the county clerk at his discretion may designate a separate vertical column or columns, or row or rows to said candidates and print the name of said party or An independent candidate may choose to list their party affiliation on the ballot after the word "Independent"; at the top of the column or beginning of the row;

 

22‑6‑121.  Order of candidates' names.

 

(a)  Political party position shall be determined on the general election ballot according to the number of votes received by each party within the county for the office of representative in congress at the last preceding general election.  The party receiving the highest number of votes shall appear first following the names of the offices to be voted for and other parties shall follow in the order of their respective numbers of such votes.  The order of any provisional parties will be drawn by the secretary of state.  Any independent For the general election ballot, the names of candidates shall appear following the last party and shall be listed in alphabetical order, subject to rotation.  When more than one (1) candidate is to be elected to a particular office, the names of candidates shall be printed in alphabetical order, subject to rotation, on all ballots for electronic and machine voting systems as defined by W.S. 22‑1‑102 rotated as set forth in W.S. 22‑6‑122.

 

Section 2.  This act is effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)

January 4, 2023

In a blistering act of hypocrisy, Jeanette Ward, who left "fascist" Illinois as school districts were telling students to wear masks, as they should have, would now have the State of Wyoming tell private businesses that they couldn't require them.

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0417

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0066

 

 

Prohibiting mask, vaccine and testing discrimination.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Ward, Allemand, Angelos, Banks, Haroldson, Hornok, Knapp, Locke, Ottman, Penn, Rodriguez-Williams, Slagle, Smith, Strock, Styvar and Winter and Senator(s) Hutchings and Salazar

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to public health and safety; prohibiting discrimination and publishing or advertising based on a person's vaccination, face covering or medical testing status as specified; providing a criminal penalty; providing definitions; making conforming amendments; repealing immunization requirements; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 35‑4‑140 is created to read:

 

35‑4‑140.  Discrimination based on facial coverings, vaccination status and medical testing; penalties.

 

(a)  As used in this section:

 

(i)  "COVID‑19" means as defined by W.S. 1‑1‑141(a)(ii);

 

(ii)  "Facial covering" means a mask or protective covering for the mouth and nose, typically worn to reduce the spread of an infectious virus or disease;

 

(iii)  "Medical testing" means testing performed to detect, diagnose or monitor an infectious virus or disease including, but not limited to, molecular testing, temperature checks, nasal swabbing, nasopharyngeal swabbing, oropharyngeal swabbing, saliva testing, antigen testing, antibody testing, urinalysis and blood testing;

 

(iv)  "Vaccination" means the act of administering a vaccine;

 

(v)  "Vaccine" means any substance including live, weakened or dead viruses designed to be administered to a person to produce immunity and prevent infectious viruses and diseases.

 

(b)  No person shall:

 

(i)  Refuse, withhold from or deny to a person any services, goods, facilities, advantages or privileges that are public in nature or that invite the patronage of the public based on a person's COVID‑19 or any other infectious virus or disease vaccination status, whether a person is not wearing a face covering or whether a person refuses to submit to medical testing;

 

(ii)  Publish, display or mail, either directly or indirectly, any communication, notice or advertisement that states that a person is required to wear a face covering, is required to have a COVID‑19 or any other infectious virus or disease vaccination or is required to submit to medical testing as a condition for receiving or accessing services, goods, facilities, advantages and privileges that are public in nature or that invite the patronage of the public.

 

(c)  Any person that violates subsection (b) of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000.00) or by imprisonment for not to exceed one (1) year, or both.

 

Section 2.  W.S. 14‑4‑116, 21‑4‑309 and 21‑24‑104(c) are repealed.

 

Section 3.  This act is effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)

So much for "less government, more freedom", and so much for private property rights.  This bill tells private property owners open to the public exactly what they can do, and even what they can say.

And so much for the legislative oath to uphold the Constitution.  This bill is also rampagingly unconstitutional.

The late Gene Shepherd once observed that, in the end, all fanatics meet in their fanaticism, and it's very true.  Here the private property, individual worshiping right, circles around to become the very thing they claim they despise.  Big government telling individuals and private property owners what to do, say, and more or less, think.

January 5, 2023

The Wyoming Freedom Caucus, a caucus of far right legislators, formally announced their existence yesterday.  The group may be regarded as the Trumpite populist wing of the party, which in the legislature is nearly a party unto itself.

January 5, 2023, cont:

More prefiled bills are rolling in, as the convening of the legislative session grows closer.  

A few more of interest:

A landowner's bill seeking to make it easier to charge somebody with criminal trespass:

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0382

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0075

 

 

Painted fence posts-no trespassing.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Banks, Allemand, Crago and Slagle and Senator(s) Driskill and Schuler

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to crimes and offenses; specifying how property may be designated to prevent trespass by use of fluorescent orange or fluorescent pink paint; requiring the game and fish commission and the department of state parks and cultural resources to inform permittees concerning trespassing and rights-of-way through private land; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 6‑3‑303(a)(intro), (i) and by creating a new paragraph (iii), 23‑1‑302(a) by creating a new paragraph (xxxiii) and 36‑4‑121 by creating a new subsection (u) are amended to read:

 

6‑3‑303.  Criminal trespass; penalties.

 

(a)  A person is guilty of criminal trespass if he enters or remains on or in the land or premises of another person, knowing he is not authorized to do so, or after being notified to depart or to not trespass. For purposes of this section, notice is given by any one (1) of the following:

 

(i)  Personal communication to the person by the owner or occupant, or his agent, or by a peace officer; or

 

(iii)  Marking of a post or structure with not less than fifty (50) square inches of fluorescent orange or fluorescent pink paint at each outer gate and normal point of access to the property, including both sides of a body of water crossing the property wherever the body of water intersects an outer boundary line and at regular intervals of not less than one‑fourth (1/4) mile along property bordering a public road, except that:

 

(A)  When metal fenceposts are used, the entire post above ground shall be marked with fluorescent orange or fluorescent pink paint;

 

(B)  No fluorescent orange or fluorescent pink markings shall be used on posts or structures where a public roadway enters the property.

 

23‑1‑302.  Powers and duties.

 

(a)  The commission is directed and empowered:

 

(xxxiii)  To educate and inform all persons holding hunting, fishing or trapping licenses or permits by including on any publication concerning the licenses or permits, in condensed form, the provisions under W.S. 6‑3‑303 and 23‑3‑305(b) concerning trespassing. The commission shall use public media, as well as its own publications, in educating and informing other recreational users of the provisions of W.S. 6‑3‑303 and 23‑3‑305(b) concerning trespassing. In the interests of providing the public with clear information regarding the public nature of unfenced rights‑of‑way through private land, the commission may develop and distribute to landowners, together with the department of state parks and cultural resources, signs for posting where a public roadway enters private land that give notice not to trespass off the public roadway.

 

36‑4‑121.  Permits to use state parks, recreation areas and historic sites.

 

(u)  The department shall educate and inform all persons holding permits to use state parks, recreation areas and historic sites by including on any publication concerning the permits, in condensed form, the provisions under W.S. 6‑3‑303 concerning trespassing. The department shall use public media, as well as its own publications, in educating and informing recreational users of the provisions of W.S. 6‑3‑303 concerning trespassing. In the interests of providing the public with clear information regarding the public nature of unfenced rights‑of‑way through private land, the department may develop and distribute to landowners, together with the game and fish commission, signs for posting where a public roadway enters private land that give notice not to trespass off the public roadway.

 

Section 2.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

This sort of thing is part of the same "less government, more freedom" charade that the far right has posted.  This makes for more government and less freedom, and ought to fail.

Another bill proposes to make concealed carry permits legal ID for voting purposes, which I guess is fine.

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0340

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0079

 

 

Voter I.D.-concealed carry permit.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Crago, Olsen and Washut and Senator(s) Barlow and Kinskey

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to elections; providing that a concealed carry permit is acceptable identification for purposes of in-person voter identification requirements; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 22‑1‑102(a)(xxxix)(B) by creating a new subdivision (X) is amended to read:

 

22‑1‑102.  Definitions.

 

(a)  The definitions contained in this chapter apply to words and phrases used in this Election Code and govern the construction of those words and phrases unless they are specifically modified by the context in which they appear. As used in this Election Code:

 

(xxxix)  "Acceptable identification" means:

 

(B)  For purposes of in person voter identification immediately before voting at a polling place or absentee polling place, any of the following:

 

(X)  A valid permit to carry a concealed firearm issued pursuant to W.S. 6‑8‑104.

 

Section 2.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

A bill to address the dog's breakfast caused by the Herrera case, which still is otherwise working its way through the courts, has been introduced. This would allow the state to negotiate with the tribes so that both parties can avoid whatever scary results may be coming.

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0343

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0083

 

 

Tribal agreements to hunt and fish.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Larsen, L, Crago, Neiman, Newsome, Oakley and Sommers and Senator(s) Barlow, Case, Dockstader, Driskill and Ellis

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to  game and fish; authorizing the governor to negotiate and enter into agreements with tribes concerning hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering rights claims as specified; providing for a report; providing rulemaking authority; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 23‑1‑1101 is created to read:

 

ARTICLE 11

AGREEMENTS WITH TRIBES

 

23‑1‑1101.  Authorization to negotiate and enter into agreements with tribes concerning hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering.

 

(a)  The governor, on behalf of the state, is authorized to negotiate and enter into an agreement between the state and a tribe concerning a hunting, fishing, trapping or gathering right claim that is based on a treaty or other recognized federal right on lands located within the state.

 

(b)  Any agreement executed under this section shall be in writing and signed by the governor and the governing body of the tribe.

 

(c)  The governor shall not enter into any agreement with a tribe under this section, unless:

 

(i)  The agreement provides that the governor shall renegotiate the agreement if the agreement is or becomes inconsistent with any state statutes;

 

(ii)  The tribe has adopted a game code or other similar enforceable regulatory mechanism that provides for the issuance of tribal hunting, fishing and trapping licenses and adopts or incorporates the substantive requirements and prohibitions contained in W.S. 23‑3‑101 through 23‑3‑407;

 

(iii)  The governor finds that the tribe has the ability to effectively enforce the provisions of its game code against violators;

 

(iv)  The tribe agrees that tribal members who do not possess a valid license shall be subject to regulation under applicable state laws for acts committed outside the boundaries of the Wind River Indian Reservation;

 

(v)  The tribe agrees that tribal members who possess a valid tribal license but otherwise violate the tribal game code outside the boundaries of the Wind River Indian Reservation are subject to appropriate enforcement by tribal or state authorities;

 

(vi)  The tribe agrees to:

 

(A)  Align its hunting, fishing and trapping seasons with the hunting, fishing and trapping seasons set by the Wyoming game and fish commission, except for limited exceptions for ceremonial, traditional or religious purposes;

 

(B)  Abide by any hunting, fishing or trapping area closures set by the commission;

 

(C)  Collect and share harvest data with the commission;

 

(D)  Set appropriate quotas, daily limits and possession limits that do not conflict with quotas, daily limits and possession limits set by the commission and that further both parties' interests in conservation.

 

(vii)  The agreement provides that tribal hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering shall be subject to the state's right to regulate when necessary for conservation.

 

(d)  Nothing in this section or any agreement entered into under this section shall grant any person the right to hunt, fish, trap or gather on private property without the permission of the owner or person in charge of the property.

 

(e)  As used in this section:

 

(i)  "Gathering" means the sustainable, non‑commercial collection by hand of naturally occurring vegetation or non‑mineral surface materials for personal, ceremonial, traditional or religious use. Gathering shall not mean the harvest of fish or wildlife;

 

(ii)  "Tribe" means as provided in W.S. 20‑5‑202(a)(xvi).

 

Section 2.  The governor's office shall report to the joint travel, recreation and wildlife interim committee within ten (10) days of completion of an agreement with a tribal authority pursuant to this act. 

 

Section 3.  To the greatest extent authorized under state and federal law, the Wyoming game and fish commission and the Wyoming board of land commissioners may promulgate all rules and regulations necessary to implement an agreement entered into pursuant to this act.

 

Section 4.  This act is effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)

Liberty Caucus, Illinoisan Jeanette Ward has introduced a bill regarding the school library situation.  I generally hate to agree with Ward on anything, but I'd vote for this one.

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0444

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0087

 

 

Crimes of obscenity-revisions.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Ward, Allemand, Angelos, Haroldson, Hornok, Locke, Ottman, Pendergraft, Penn, Slagle and Strock and Senator(s) Hutchings, Ide and Steinmetz

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to crimes and offenses; amending the definition of child pornography for the offense of sexual exploitation of children to include cartoons and other depictions; repealing an exemption from promoting obscenity for activities conducted in the course of employment at a school, college, university, museum or public library; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 6‑4‑303(a)(ii)(intro) is amended to read:

 

6‑4‑303.  Sexual exploitation of children; penalties; definitions.

 

(a)  As used in this section:

 

(ii)  "Child pornography" means any visual depiction, including any photograph, film, video, picture, cartoon, drawing, computer or computer‑generated image or picture, whether or not made or produced by electronic, mechanical or other means, or any other form of depiction of explicit sexual conduct, where:

 

Section 2.  W.S. 6‑4‑302(c)(ii) is repealed.

 

Section 3.  This act is effective July 1, 2023.

 

(END)

A bill regarding foreign ownership of agricultural land has been introduced.

2023

STATE OF WYOMING

23LSO-0521

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0088

 

 

Foreign ownership of agricultural land-prohibited.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Banks, Allemand, Haroldson and Pendergraft and Senator(s) French, Laursen, D and Salazar

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to property; restricting foreign ownership of agricultural land in Wyoming as specified; defining terms; requiring registration as specified; authorizing enforcement of ownership restrictions as specified; providing a civil penalty; requiring the inclusion of notices of foreign ownership in assessment schedules and tax statements; specifying applicability; requiring rulemaking; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 34‑15‑104 is created to read:

 

34‑15‑104.  Restriction on foreign ownership of agricultural land; registration; penalty; enforcement.

 

(a)  As used in this section:

 

(i)  "Agricultural land" means any land that is located outside the exterior boundaries of any incorporated city or town that is used principally for farming or ranching or for:

 

(A)  The cultivation of the soil for production of crops;

 

(B)  The production of timber products or grasses for forage;

 

(C)  The rearing, feeding, grazing or management of livestock;

 

(D)  A farmstead structure; or

 

(E)  Any other agricultural purpose.

 

(ii)  "Foreign business" means a corporation incorporated under the laws of a foreign government or a business entity, whether or not incorporated, in which a majority interest is owned or controlled directly or indirectly by foreign persons or by a foreign government. Legal entities including trusts, holding companies, multiple corporations or other entities with other business arrangements shall not affect the determination of ownership or control of a foreign business;

 

(iii)  "Foreign government" means a government other than:

 

(A)  The government of the United States or its states, localities, territories or possessions;

 

(B)  The government of any federally or state recognized Indian tribe or band.

 

(iv)  "Foreign person" means a person who is not either:

 

(A)  A citizen of the United States; or

 

(B)  A person lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence by the United States immigration and naturalization service, including a person whose lawful permanent resident status is conditional. 

 

(b)  No foreign government, foreign business or foreign person, or any agent, trustee or fiduciary thereof, shall purchase or otherwise acquire agricultural land in Wyoming. A foreign government, foreign business or foreign person, or any agent, trustee or fiduciary thereof, that owns or holds agricultural land in Wyoming on July 1, 2023 may continue to own or hold the agricultural land but shall not sell or otherwise dispose of the agricultural land to another foreign government, foreign business or foreign person.

 

(c)  A foreign business, foreign government or foreign person, or any agent, trustee or fiduciary thereof, that owns an interest in agricultural land in Wyoming in accordance with subsection (b) of this section on or after July 1, 2023 shall register the ownership of the agricultural land with the secretary of state. The registration shall be in a form and manner prescribed by the secretary of state and shall contain the name of the owner, the location of the agricultural land, the number of acres of the agricultural land by county and, if the owner is an agent, trustee or fiduciary of a foreign business, foreign government or foreign person, the name of any principal for whom that agricultural land was purchased or acquired. The registration shall be made not later than sixty (60) days after July 1, 2023 and shall be updated annually on or before March 31 of each year.

 

(d)  A foreign business, foreign government or a foreign person, or any agent, trustee or fiduciary thereof, who fails to register or timely register agricultural land as required by subsection (c) of this section shall be liable for a civil penalty of five thousand dollars ($5,000.00) for each day that the foreign business, foreign government or a foreign person, or any agent, trustee or fiduciary thereof, is not in compliance with subsection (c) of this section.

 

(e)  Each county clerk shall report to the secretary of state if a foreign entity, foreign government or foreign person, or any agent, trustee or fiduciary thereof, purchases or acquires agricultural land in the county in violation of this section or if the clerk suspects that agricultural land was purchased or acquired in the county by a foreign entity, foreign government or foreign person.

 

(f)  The secretary of state shall report any violation of this section to the attorney general if the secretary of state finds that a foreign business, foreign government or a foreign person, or any agent, trustee or fiduciary thereof, has acquired or holds title to or an interest in agricultural land in Wyoming in violation of this section or has failed to register as required by this section. The attorney general may take any action necessary to enforce the provisions of this section, including initiating an action in the district court of any county in which the agricultural land is located.

 

Section 2.  W.S. 39‑13‑103(b)(viii) and 39‑13‑107(b)(i)(C) are amended to read:

 

39‑13‑103.  Imposition.

 

(b)  Basis of tax.  The following shall apply:

 

(viii)  Every assessment schedule sent to a taxpayer shall contain the property's estimated fair market value for the current and previous year, or, productive value in the case of agricultural property. The schedule shall also contain the assessment ratio as provided by paragraph (b)(iii) of this section for the taxable property, the amount of taxes assessed on the taxable property from the previous year, and an estimate of the taxes which will be due and payable for the current year based on the previous year's mill levies. The schedule shall also contain information stating that foreign ownership of agricultural land in Wyoming is prohibited and describing the requirement to register foreign ownership of agricultural land with the secretary of state as provided by W.S. 34‑15‑104.  The schedule shall contain a statement of the process to contest assessments as prescribed by W.S. 39‑13‑109(b)(i);

 

39‑13‑107.  Compliance; collection procedures.

 

(b)  The following provisions shall apply to the payment of taxes, distraint of property and deferral:

 

(i)  The following shall apply to the payment of taxes due:

 

(C)  Annually, on or before October 10 the county treasurer shall send a written statement to each taxpayer by mail at his last known address or, if offered by the county and upon request of the taxpayer, by electronic transmission of the total tax due, itemized as to property description, assessed value and mill levies. The notice shall contain information, including contact information, of any property tax relief program authorized by state law. The notice shall contain information stating that foreign ownership of agricultural land in Wyoming is prohibited and describing the requirement to register foreign ownership of agricultural land with the secretary of state as provided by W.S. 34‑15‑104. Failure to send notice, or to demand payment of taxes, does not invalidate any taxes due;

 

Section 3.  Except as provided in W.S. 34‑15‑104(b), as created by section 1 of this act, nothing in this act shall be construed to divest, extinguish or sever any interest in or claim to agricultural land in Wyoming.

 

Section 4.  The secretary of state shall promulgate all rules necessary to implement the provisions of this act.

 

Section 5.  This act is effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)

January 9, 2023

Montana's far right legislators have also formed their own Freedom Caucus.