Saturday, June 24, 1911. Zapata in Mexico City.

 

From left to right: Tirso Espinosa, Gildardo Magana, M. Mejia, Abram Martinez, Jesus Jauregui and Rodolfo Magana; seated: Eufemio Zapata,Emiliano Zapata and Proculo Capistran at  the Hotel Coliseo, Mexico City on June 24, 1911.

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Thursday, June 22, 1911. Magonistas defeated.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, Magonistas, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Mexico (Chihuahua), Mexico (Tijuana), Monarchy, Pascual Orozco, Second Battle of Tijuana, United Kingdom

Thursday, June 22, 1911. Magonistas defeated.

Magonistas were decisively defeated in the Second Battle of Tijuana. 

Pascual Orozco established his headquarters in Cuidad Chihuahua.

King George the V and Queen Mary were crowned at Westminster Abbey.

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Monday, June 19, 1911. Never going back to Mexico and La Agrupación Protectora Mexicana.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, Crime, Ethnicities, France, La Matanza, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Mutual Aid Societies, Porfirio Díaz, Texas

Monday, June 19, 1911. Never going back to Mexico and La Agrupación Protectora Mexicana.

Porfirio Díaz, now in exile in France, stated he would not return to Mexico even if asked to do so.

And in fact, he was never asked to do so, and he remains, now passed on, in Paris.

Antonio Gómez, age 14, was lynched in Thorndale, Milam County, Texas.  The victim had killed a white Texan in an altercation.  This particular murder was instrumental in the creation of the Mexican American mutual aid society, La Agrupación Protectora Mexicana.

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Sunday, June 18, 1911. Human remains on the USS Maine, Detroit Tigers make comeback.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, baseball, boats and ships, Cuba (Havana), It was because of the Spanish American War, U.S. Navy

Monday, June 14, 1926. The Calles Law.

Mexico_Flag_(Cristeros).png: User:Immaculatederivative work: Jorge Compassio, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Mexico enacted the Calles Law attacking the Catholic Church.  Clergymen were to be punished for various crimes including wearing clerics and criticizing the government.  In a little over a month the Cristero War would break out as a result.

Catholicism was, and is, strong in Mexico, although the Mexican Revolution, which saw the rise of various anti Catholic figures within it, while others remained very loyal to the Church, weakened it. Most historians do not regard the Cristero War as part of the Mexican Revolution, but I'm not most historians and I do.  By the same token, the extent to which the Mexican Revolution was part of a worldwide rise of left wing insurrections is not often appreciated.

Anti Catholic elements in Mexico had existed since at least the mid 19th Century, and interestingly reflected similar movements in Europe, which itself shows the extent to which those revolutions in the country in the mid 19th Century reflected how close Mexico was to Europe in comparison to the United States.  For all his faults, Porfirio Díaz, who came from a devout Catholic family and who had originally intended to be a Priest, seemingly put those stresses behind the country, but they revived during the Mexican Revolution.  Madero was not a practicing Catholic, which in some ways made him an odd leader for the Revolution.  Zapata, while he certainly strayed in regard to sexual morality (he had a least fifteen children, but only two by his wife Josefa "La Generala" Espejo Merino, was Catholic.  Other figures were most definitely not practicing Catholics and some were anti Catholic within Madero's ranks.  In Baja California, American and foreign Wobblies tried to estaliblish an Anarch Socialist state.

Had Madero, who was not a practicing Catholic, but who was egalitarian in nature, survived, Mexico would not have taken the giant left word lurch it did.

Brazil announced its withdrawal from the League of Nations.

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Friday, June 11, 1926. First flight of the Ford Tri Motor.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, African National Parks, Aircraft, Blog Mirror, Ford Motor Company, South Africa

Monday, June 12, 1911. Madero meets Zapata.

Madero met Zapata in visits Morelos, where Zapata was still under arms. Madero offered Zapata money to buy land, demanded disarmament, and promised Zapata the post as commander of the police in Morelos.

Grand Lake, Colorado, June 12, 1911.

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Sunday, June 11, 1911. El Chamizal.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, 1960s, 1967, Baja California, baseball, Canada, Diplomacy, Magonistas, Marriage, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Rio Grande River, suffrage, United States, William Howard Taft, Women

Sunday, June 11, 1911. El Chamizal.

Coming bizarrely right in the middle of a major change of governments for Mexico, the International Boundary Commission, consisting of representatives of Mexico, Canada and the United States, ruled that the 600 acre El Chamizal should see 437 acres transferred to Mexico.

The US, in US style, refused to concede, but would finally yield in 1967 at which time a canal was constructed to keep the Rio Grande from shifting, which is what had caused the dispute in the first place.

Mexican Federal irregulars murdered the Dr. Allen L. Foster; John D. Carroll, an American living under an assumed name who ran a supply store; Patrick Glennon, an Irish-American shopkeeper; and Constantin Dubois, a French Canadian vagabond in Baja California. Their offense was being foreigners in Mexico in a region in which foreigners had been a significant revolutionary force.

The Senate approved the 17th Amendment which provided for direct election of Senators.

The Sixth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance opened in Stockholm, Sweden.

It was the Taft's 25th wedding anniversary.

The Cubs defeated Boston 20-2.

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Thursday, June 8, 1911. US grants permission for Mexican troops to transit U.S.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, Aircraft, Arizona, Baja California, California, Magonistas, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Personalities, Science, Texas

Thursday, June 8, 1911. US grants permission for Mexican troops to transit U.S.

The U.S. gave permission to the Mexican government, now an interim government awaiting elecdtions, to transit 1,500 Mexican troops across the United States into Baja California.  The troops were disarmed in Arizona where they were embarked and then given their arms and ammunition at their border crossing from California into Baja.

Glen Curtiss

Glen Curtiss received U.S. Pilot's License #1 from the Aero Club of America.  The first first batch of licenses were issued in alphabetical order with Wilbur Wright receiving license #5. 

Charles Post of cereal fame conducted an experiment in which kites were set aloft with dynamite charges to see if that would induce rain.

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Wednesday, June 7, 1911. Madero enters Mexico City.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, children, Disaster, Francisco I. Madero, Geology, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Mexico (Mexico City), New York

Wednesday, June 7, 1911. Madero enters Mexico City.

A crowd of 100,000 people turned out to watch Francisco Madero enter Mexico City.

An earthquake occurred  at 04:26 local time (11:02 UTC) bear the coast of Michoacán, Mexico, killing at least 45 people.  Due to the other events in Mexico on the day, it's sometimes called the "temblor maderista".

Orphans were taken for a visit to Coney Island.

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Tuesday, June 6, 1911. Advancing on Baja.

Labels: 1900s, 1908, 1910s, 1911, Baja California, children, Magonistas, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Mexico (Chihuahua), Teenagers, tobacco, Weapons, Work

Eating with Moctezuma II.

 

Saturday, February 13, 1926. Calles attempts to end Catholic education.

The Calles government in Mexico ordered all Catholic schools to close.

This is no longer the case and Catholic schools are once again common in Mexico.

The U.S. issued its first Air Mail stamp.

It was a Saturday.

Last edition:

Thursday, February 11, 1926. Calles attacks the Church.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, actors and actresses, Álvaro Obregón, Catholic, Cristero War, Emiliano Zapata, Francisco I. Madero, It was because of the Mexican Revolution, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Plutarco Elías Calles, religion

Thursday, February 11, 1926. Calles attacks the Church.

Plutarco Elías Calles nationalized all property of the Catholic church in Mexico.

The degree to which the leaders of the Mexican Revolution were anti Catholic in a very Catholic nation is hard to overestimate, although at the same time, particularly in some regions, Catholic viewpoints were very represented amongst the revolutionaries.  Emiliano Zapata in particularly was notably Catholic.

Be that as it may, Madero was not a practicing Catholic and had peculiar spiritual views.  He was in fact a spiritualist and a Mason.  Still, his victory in the revolution, temporary though it was, was seen by Catholics as an opportunity to form a Mexican Catholic political party, which they did.  The Church condemned Madero's assassination.

It was that killing that sparked the second stage of the revolution.   Álvaro Obregón and Calles both featured prominently in that, and both were anti Catholic.  Calles was also a Mason.  In that phase of the revolution, moreover, democratic forces, which had brought about Madero's rise, started to wane and with the murder of Zapata and the victory of Carranza Mexico headed off in a much more radically leftist direction. In some ways the Mexican Revolution, in spite of its romantic portrayal in American cinema, was much more of a 20th Century European Revolution, many of which featured radically anti Catholic leaders against Catholic populations in favor of utopian leftism.

Calles fit that mold and was the sort example in the office of president of Mexico.  His anti clerical laws would lead to the Cristero War the following year.

Mexico remains a very Catholic country to this day and the Mexican people are very Catholic. But like other religious communities, the period of anti religious domination hurt the religious nature of the people nonetheless and the culture of the country.  Mexico has never really recovered from the anti religious views of the revolution.  Ironically, one of the beneficiaries of that has been Protestant Millennialism which has been successful in drawing in religious Mexicans who are unchurched, a byproduct of the revolution.

Actor Leslie Nielsen was born in Regina, Saskatchewan.  He served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War Two as an aerial gunner, although he was not deployed overseas.

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Wednesday, February 10, 1926. Going to the League.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, German Weimar Republic, Italy, League of Nations, South Tyrol, Tyrol

Sunday, February 5, 1911. First Battle of Bauche.

Mexican Federal troops, stopped the day prior at Bauche by rebels under Pascual Orozco, abandoned the railroad and commenced marching overland towards Juarez in an effort to relieve forces besieged there.

A revolution in Haiti was put down with the capture of rebel General Montreuil Guillaume.

Last edition:

Saturday, February 4, 1911. Deadlocks.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, Boer Armies, Boer War, Cartoons, Clifford K. Berryman, Francisco I. Madero, Government, Iran, Mexican Revolution, Persia, Personalities, Russia, Texas

Saturday, January 9, 1926. A different train attack.

Oddly enough, given the events that had happened ten years prior, Mexican rebels, under Colonel Manuel Núñez, opened fire on board a train  traveling from Guadalajara to Mexico City, ultimately destroying it and making away with 300,000 pesos. Eleven people were killed.

The Navy League of the United States released a report finding the United States Navy to be unprepared for war and short of the tonnage limitation set by the Washington Naval Treaty.

It was a Saturday.

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Friday, January 8, 1926. Crownings.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud, Bảo Đại, French Indochina, Kingdom of Hejaz, Mecca, Monarchy, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, Vietnam (Huế)

Wednesday, January 2, 1946. Nuptials with the enemy.

Mexican troops fired on demonstrators in León, Mexico, killing at least 40.

The U.S. Army lifted a ban on U.S. servicemen marrying enemy nationals, save for Germans.  The lift, therefore, applied to Austrians and Italians, as well as perhaps Hungarians and Romanians.

On Corregidor twenty Japanese soldiers, who had just learned of Japan's surrender from a newspaper, surrendered themselves to a solitary Army soldier.

Last edition:

Tuesday, January 1, 1946. The first baby boomers.

Labels: 1940s, 1946, Baby Boom Generation, It was because of World War Two

Sunday, December 27, 1925. Between time.

Basil III (الأنبا باسيليوس, Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲟⲥ) bebame the 17th Metropolitan of the Holy and Great City of Our Lord, Jerusalem (Holy Zion), and Archbishop of the Holy and Ancient Archdiocese of Jerusalem, all Palestine and the Near East.

A mine explosion killed 52 coal miners in Palaú, in the Mexican state of Coahuila.

The Courier-Journal, Louisville, Kentucky, December 27, 1925

Last edition:

Saturday, December 26, 1925.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, Art, Boxing Day, Communism, Crime, football, Imperialism, India, Italy, J. C. Leyendecker, Somalia, Somaliland

Thursday, December 23, 1915. Villa defeated again.

 

The news reported a Villa defeat.

Henry Ford Abandons His Peace Ship

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Wednesday, December 22, 1915. Hartmannswillerkopf ends.

Labels: 1910s, 1915, Alsace-Lorraine, Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf, Mexican Border War, Mexican Revolution, World War One

Saturday, November 20, 1875. Winking at collision in the Black Hills and the Las Cuevas War.

Commanding General of the U.S. Army William Tecumseh Sherman wrote to Lt. Gen. Philip Sheridan :

I know that the matter of the Black Hills was settled in all events for this year. In the spring it may result in collision and trouble.. . . I understand that the president and the Interior Department will wink at it.

Cpt. McNelly.

Texas Ranger Captain Leander McNelly and his men crossed into Mexico to retrieve more than 200 stolen cattle.  He was backed by troops of the U.S. Army, but they did not cross.  The Rangers advanced on the stronghold of Juan Flores Salinas, local leader of the rural guard at the Rincon de Cucharras outpost of the Las Cuevas ranch and a  battle ensued in which about 80 Mexican militiamen were killed, and McNelly ordered a retreat back across the river.  The Army covered his retreat across the river with a Gatling Gun.

At that point, Major A. J. Alexander from Fort Ringgold arrived with a message from Colonel Potter at Fort Brown, which read:

Advise Captain McNelly to return at once to this side of the river. Inform him that you are directed not to support him in any way while he remains on Mexican territory. If McNelly is attacked by Mexican forces on Mexican soil, do not render him any assistance. Let me know if McNelly acts on this advice.

McNelly advised the Army that he would not comply.

At sundown, another message arrived:

Major Alexander, commanding: Secretary of War Belknap orders you to demand McNelly return at once to Texas. Do not support him in any manner. Inform the Secretary if McNelly acts on these orders and returns to Texas. Signed, Colonel Potter.

McNelly issued the reply, which was:

In less than a minute, Captain McNelly penned his now famous reply:

Near Las Cuevas, Mexico, Nov. 20 1875. I shall remain in Mexico with my rangers and cross back at my discretion. Give my compliments to the Secretary of War and tell him and his United States soldiers to go to hell. Signed, Lee H. McNelly, commanding.

Over the Rio Grande his force encountered resistance.  Up to 80 Mexicans were killed in the battle before he retreated.  A smaller force of Rangers would cross the border the following day and recover over 400 stolen cattle.

McNelly's troops crossed again on the 21st and proceeded to a customs house where the cattle had been moved to, and which were now promised to be returned.  The Mexican officer in charge refused to treat with him on a Sunday, which it now was and was taken prisoner. The prisoner was threatened with death and around 400 cattle were crossed into Texas.

McNelly died of tuberculosis in 1877 at age 33.  A liberty ship was named after him during World War Two.

Last edition:

Friday, November 12, 1875. Tacoma, Washington, incorporated.

Labels: 1870s, 1875, Washington, Washington (Tacoma)