Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata commenced their march on Mexico City following Carranza's public refusal to step down from the disputed Mexican presidency.
Imperial Russian and German forces clashed in bitter winter conditions at Łódź, Poland. The Russians held. Both sides were still clad in their summer uniforms.
Deeply Catholic Karolina Kózka, a 16-year-old Polish girl died while resisting an attempted rape by a Russian soldier near her village of Wał-Ruda, Poland. The soldiers stabbed her to death. Pope John Paul II beatified her as a "martyr of Christ" in 1987.
Austro-Hungarian forces began an assault on Lazarevac, Serbia.
Russian, Turkish Fleets Clash Off Cape Sarych
Admiral von Tirpitz advocated massed Zeppelin attacks on London.
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