US Marines and Sailors landed at Bluefields, Nicaragua. An ultimate was given to the country to guarantee protection of US citizens and to explain the recent execution of two American mercenaries, which seemingly wouldn't really require explanation.
The US, UK, Germany, Republic of China, Netherlands, and others, ratified the Hauge Convention of 1907 "to adapt to maritime warfare the principles of the Geneva Convention of the 6th July, 1906"
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Himmler ordered the crematorium at Auschwitz destroyed to cover up the concentration camp's crime against humanity.
The U.S. Seventh Army captured Steige and Villé. T he 1st Army captured Weisweiler to the west of Cologne.
The Red Army captured capture Michaloyce, Slovakia.
General Alexander was promoted to Field Marshal and appointed the Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean.
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Friedrich Johannes Miller was born in Riedlingen, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Confederation.
An immigrant to the U.S., he founded Miller Brewing.
At Ypres, General Albrecht ordered all attacks to cease to allow reserve units to move to the Eastern Front. The Allies did not detect this change for three days.
And. . .
Falkenhayn Calls Off Western Offensives, Suggests Peace
The United Kingdom doubled income tax to cover war expenses.
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The Spanish Army launched an offensive against Republican forces in the Pyrenees.
The 7th Infantry Division took Buri Airfield on Leyte. Tacloban airstrip became operational.
The Navy conducted airstrikes on Luzon.
The Red Army's Gumbinnen Operation in East Prussia ended in failure.
Sarah Sundin reports that Allied Offensive actions in Italy were halted for the season:
Today in World War II History—October 27, 1939 & 1944: 80 Years Ago—Oct. 27, 1944: In Italy, Gen. Sir Henry Maitland Wilson orders halt to Allied offensive for the winter due to fatigue, heavy rains, and flooding.
She also reports that that this was Navy Day for 1944, which it would have been, as Navy Day is always October 27. I missed that, however.
The Germans put down the Slovak National Uprising.
Éamon de Valera was arrested in Newry as he arrived at a meeting of the Sinn Féin. He was charged with entering a prohibited area under the Civil Powers Act.
Romanian fascist Iron Guard leader Corneliu Codreanu assassinated Constantin Manciu, the police chief of the city of Iași, and shot several other policemen.
He would be acquitted on the grounds that he had acted in self-defense, despite entering the meeting and shooting Manciu from behind.
The British Foreign Office released the Zinoviev letter. The letter purported to be a directive from the Soviets addressed to the Communist Party of Great Britain to increase labor unrest in the UK. A protest was lodged with the Soviet Embassy.
Belgium signed the Geneva Protocol.
Crown Princes Wilhelm of Germany and Rupprecht of Bavaria reconciled.
The Prince of Wales ended his visit to the United States and Canada.
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The first Canadian elections under the Indian Act were held for the Six Nations Band of Indians Council.
And also elections were held for the Norwegian parliament, resulted in a continuation of the coalition government between the Conservatives and the liberal Venstre.
The German National People's Party issued a proclamation announcing itself in favor of restoring the monarchy and terminating the Treaty of Versailles and the Dawes Plan.
Postscript:
From Reddit's 100 Years Ago Sub:
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Incarcerated menace Adolf Hitler published a statement admitting that he was born in Austria, not Germany, but arguing that he had lost his Austrian citizenship after volunteering to serve in the German Army during World War I . He claimed that mentally, he'd always been a German.
He nonetheless did not renounce his Austrian citizenship until 1925, and didn't acquire German citizenship until 1932.
Ma Rainey recorded See See Rider, the first known recording of the blues standard which has an unknown origin and date of origin. It's at least a couple of decades older than the recording.
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The Battle of Crucifix Hill was fought at Haaren, Germany, with the hill taken by elements of the 1st Infantry Division.
A large statuary Crucifix was on top of the hill. In Sam Fuller's Big Red One his platoon takes a field with a large wooden Crucifix which is central to the story line, and which perhaps was inspired by the actual battle, if extremely loosely.
German resistance to Allied advances in the West was stiffening.
The nighttime Battle of Tehumardi was fought on the Estonian island of Saaremaa.
The Germans retreated at Tornio.
The German counteroffensive at Nijemegen failed.
The British occupied Corinth and Samos and landed commandos on Nauplion.
Savy to the Greek political situation, in some ways the British were fighting a prelude to the Cold War in Greece in their actions.
The Finns occupied Kemi on the Gulf of Bothnia.
Fr. Nicolò Cortese, age 37, was killed in Trieste by the Gestapo for his role in aiding Jews and Italian partisans.
Wendell Willkie, age 52, died of a heart attack.
Willkie had run for President in 1940 and had attempted to secure the GOP nomination in 1944. He had originally been a Democrat. Roosevelt thought highly of him and had considered his a potential Vice Presidential candidate. A heavy smoker and drinker, his health declined enormously in the summer and fall of 1944, and the heart attack that killed him was his third in three months, following a bout of pneumonia.
Willkie was a political liberal, authoring in 1943 the best seller One World, which espoused world federalism. There would be no place for him in the modern Republican Party.
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With Soviet troops across the Vistula not crossing the river, something often regarded as intentional, the Germans prevailed in defeating the Warsaw Uprising. 200,000 Poles were killed in the battle, most of them civilians, and central Warsaw destroyed. Between 2,000 and 17,000 German troops were killed in the battle. Around 15,000 Polish underground and Polish Home Army troops were killed. 15,000 went into captivity.
There's good reason to believe that Stalin saw the Poles and the Germans fighting in the city to his overall benefit. It killed a lot of Germans, and it killed non communist Poles.
The Battle of Aachen commenced with an American offensive.
The Battle of the Scheldt commenced.
Japanese resistance on Peleliu's Mount Amiangal was defeated.
Lucian Truscott appeared on the cover of Life Magazine.
The British took Deume, Netherlands. 30th Corps reached the south bank of the Rhine near Arnhem. Other elements entered Germany southwest of Nijmegen.
The Italian government reopened the case of the murder of Giacomo Matteotti which had occurred in 1924.
The U-596 was damaged by US aircraft in Salamis Bay and scuttled.
Task Force 38 hit Japanese targets on the Visayan Islands.
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Governor General of Canada Julian Byng ordered the termination of the Six Nations Confederacy Council and ordered that it be replaced by an elected body.
This followed the Council's attempt to bring its existence to the attention of the League of Nations.
The Six Nations are the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora. They have a large reserve in Ontario.
The Polish Border Protection Corps was established by Poland to protect against Soviet invasion and address bandits crossing the border.
Calvin Coolidge gave an electronic signal from the Oval Office to commences electrical generation from the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project.
Prince Wolfgang of Hesse married Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden over the objections of Wolfgang's uncle, the former German Kaiser Wilhelm II. The couple would have no children.
She died in an American air raid on Frankfurt am Main on January 29-30, 1944. She had been working as an aid worker there. He joined the Nazi Party and was appointed a Landrat (district administrator) of Obertaunuskreis, a landkreis in the state of Hesse. He remarried after the war and died in 1989 at age 92.
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US forces invaded Peleliu. Initial troops were from the 1st Marine Division, which would later be joined by the Army's 81st Infantry Division for the hard fought battle. The landing on the island was in order to seize its airfields for the invasion of the Philippines.
The landings were bizarrely named Operation Stalemate II.
American and Australian forces landed at Morotai near New Guinea. The Battle of Morotai would go on until the end of the war.
The Battle of Gemmano in Italy ended in an Allied victory.
The Lapland War between Germany and Finland commenced when the Kriegsmarine attempted to take the island of Suursaari in order to secure the shipping routes in the Gulf of Finland. Up until that time the German withdrawal from Finland had been going peacefully, although it was deteriorating as the Germans destroyed things on their way out. The attempted German landing was resisted and the Finns withdrew their shipping from German evacuation efforts, although evacuation from Lapland to Norway, guaranteed by a secret agreement between the countries, continued peacefully at first.
The failed landings at Suursaari were an attempt to secure the island out of a fear the Soviets would.
The French Provisional Government issued arrest warrants for Philippe Pétain and his cabinet.
The Great Atlantic Hurricane made landfall on Long Island and Rhode Island.
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