The Germans used poison gas in warfare for the first time, firing shells loaded with xylyl bromide, tear gas, against the Russians at the Battle of Bolimów.
Cold weather prevented it from being effective.
The day saw huge casualties as the German attacks failed, and the Russians countered, which also failed.
The British, alerted to the presence of the Ottomans, prepared defenses for the canal.
Thomas Merton OCSO, whom I frankly have mixed feelings about, was born in France on this day.
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