Oyster Loaf Sandwich, 1909.

 

Preserving eggs 1909

 

Preserving eggs 1909

It's always interesting to see what people did for food preservation before refrigeration was common.

There's no way you'd use some of these methods now.

Monday, July 23, 1973. Old Faithful Inn added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Old Faithful Inn in 1909.

Today In Wyoming's History: July 23: 1923  1973   Old Faithful Inn was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Attribution:  On This Day.

  President Nixon refused to turn over tape recordings to the Senate or special prosecutor.

Sunday Morning Scene: Churches of the West: Christ Reformed Presbyterian Church, Torrington Wyoming

Churches of the West: Christ Reformed Presbyterian Church, Torrington Wyoming:

Christ Reformed Presbyterian Church, Torrington Wyoming

This is the Christ Reformed Presbyterian Church in Torrington Wyoming.  The church was built in 1909.

Today In Wyoming's History: The Spring Creek Raid.

Today In Wyoming's History: The Spring Creek Raid.:

The Spring Creek Raid.

Students of Wyoming's history are well familiar with the story of the Spring Creek Raid, which occurred on April 2, 1909, on the Nowood River outside of Ten Sleep, Wyoming.  The tragedy has been the subject of at least three well known books, including the excellent A Vast Amount of Trouble, Goodbye Judge Lynch, and Ten Sleep and No Rest, the first two by lawyer and historian John W. Davis and the third, and earlier work, by Jack Gage, a former Governor of Wyoming.

The raid is justifiably famous for a number of reasons, not the least of which is that it may be the sheepman murder that most closely fits the way that we imagine the cattlemen v. sheepmen war of the late 19th and early 20th Century being.  Of course, the fact that it was an outright cold blooded killing no doubt causes it to be well remembered as well.  And then that the killings actually resulted in a trial which convicted the assassins is also worth remembering, as it demonstrated the turn of the tide of the public view on such matters.

The Wyoming historical marker sign that describes the killings does a good job of it, with perhaps the only thing omitted is that one of the ambushing party was armed with a semi automatic Remington Model 8 in .35 Remington, a very distinct arm for the time.  In basic terms, the raid occurred as several men connected with cattle raising in the area decided to enforce the "Deadline", a topographic feature of the Big Horn Mountains which meant it was a literal dead line.

The .35 Remington turned out to be critical in the story of the raid as it was an unusual cartridge for what was, at the time, an unusual arm.  The Remington 08 had only been introduced in 1905 and was a semi automatic rifle in an era in which the lever action predominated.  A lot of .35 Remington cartridges were left at the scene of the murders and investigation very rapidly revealed that a Farney Cole had left his Remington 08 at the home of Bill Keyes, which was quite near the location of the assault.  One of the assailants, George Saban, was known to not carry a gun and was also known to have been at the Saban residence the day of the assault.  Subsequent investigation matched other cartridges found on the location to rifles and pistols known to have been carried by the attackers.

Arrests soon followed and five of the assailants were ultimately charged with murder.  Two turned states' evidence.  The trials were not consolidated and only Herbert Brink's case went to trial.  To the surprise of some, he was convicted by the jury.  Due to prior trials for the killing of sheepmen being both unsuccessful and unpopular, Wyoming took the step of deploying National Guardsmen to Basin to provide security for the trial, which proved unnecessary.  The conviction was the first one in the area for a cattleman v. sheepman murder( Tom Horn had earlier been convicted for the 1903 killing of Willie Nickell, but that killing took place in southern Wyoming.

The killings were, quite rankly, uniquely cold blooded and gruesome, involving shooting into the wagons and setting them on fire.  Because of that, and the Brink conviction, the remaining four charged men plead guilty, rather than face trial.  Two plead guilty to arson, and two to second degree murder.

All were sentenced together, and Brink was sentenced to death.  His sentence was commuted, however, and he was released from prison, together with another one of the party, in 1914.  Another, George Saban, who was deeply affected by his conviction, escaped while out of the penitentiary and under guard, after being allowed to stay over in Basin in order to allegedly conduct some of his affairs.  His escape was successful and he disappeared from the face of the earth.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

Monday, March 23, 1914. Doubts about Roosevelt's fate on the River of Doubt.

We just posted an item for 1909 on Theodore Roosevelt leaving the US for his legendary 1909, 1910 safari.  Famously, after losing his effort to regain the Presidency in the three-way race in 1912, he embarked on the exploration of what was then known as the River of Doubt, or more officially the Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition

That trip was plagued by horrific events, one of which was detailed in this edition of the Cheyenne based Wyoming Tribune.

It's often noted that Roosevelt never recovered from this trip, but that can be somewhat debated.  It's true he was never himself thereafter, but Roosevelt had been a vigorous proponent of "the Strenuous Life" and had lived it.  While this is fully admirable, and today would be cited to some degree as a life extending practice, Roosevelt had experienced ill health with asthma in his youth (as have I), and had been shot during the 1912 campaign.  Four years of semi enforced idleness as Vice President and President had taken their toll as well, and by the time he left office in 1909 he was, in my view, beginning to significantly age even though he was not yet 60.

Having said that, he made a really dedicated effort to join the Army as head of an expeditionary unit during World War One, so he had plenty of vigor left, even after these ordeals.

It's also noteworthy how, just before World War One, there was plenty of exploration of the remote regions of the globe still going on.  The era immediately before the war seems to have been the last great push in the age of exploration.

Last prior edition:

March 21, 1914. Yo acuso

Related threads:

Tuesday, March 23, 1909. Bound for Africa.

1900s, 1909, hunting, Movies, New York, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft

Tuesday, July 18, 1911. Premier game of the Wyoming State Penitentiary All Stars

 

New warden Felix Alston organized the team following his appointment to the position in 1911. He chose  George Saban, convicted murderer from the Spring Creek raid, to be head coach and team captain due to their friendship.  The only team they played against was the Rawlins Juniors, which they played four times in 1911. They won all four games.

The team was comprised for the following members:

Coach: Saban, George.  Convicted of murder, he escaped and disappeared from history in December, 1913.

Cameron, Thomas Convicted of Sexual assault, his sentence expired in June 1912.

Pendergraft, Harry A.  Convicted of Larceny , he was granted parole in Jan 1912

C, RF:  Powell, James.  He had been convicted of rape.  Powell was black.  This was an integrated team.

1B: Rowan, Eugene.  He had been convicted of rape, and breaking and entering.  He was granted parole in Nov 1913.  Rowan was also an African American.

2B: Fitzgerald, Frank.  Breaking and entering.  His sentence expired in Dec 1911

SS: Guzzardo, Joe.  Manslaughter.  He was pardoned in July 1912.  Guzzardo had killed a woman in 1908 while shooting at a man who was threatening his life.

3B: Crottie, John.  Grand larceny. He was released in Nov 1911

LF: Carman, Ora.  Grand larceny.  He completed his sentence in Sept 1911.

LF: Stone, Earl.  Breaking and entering.  He completed his sentence in Sept 1911.

CF: Potter, Sidney.  Forgery.  He completed his sentence in June 1912.

RF, C, SS:  Seng, Joseph.  First-degree murder. He was hanged in May 1912

Their August 29, 1911 game was their last.

Contrary to a myth about the team, they were not all on "death row", and indeed only one of the men, Joseph Seng, was. Seng had killed his supervisor after he was fired from his job as a watchman in Evanston.  He was the first man to be executed at the Wyoming State Penitentiary.

Russian backed and equipped deposed Shah of Persia Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar landed at the Caspian Sea port of Astarabad with an army in an attempt to regain the throne that he had lost in 1909.

Last edition:

Saturday, July 15, 1911. Unreasonable demands.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, Africa, Agadir Crisis, Albania, French Empire, German Empire, Morocco, Ottoman Empire, Republic of Congo

Thursday, May 5, 1910. T.R. takes the prize.

U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt accepted the Nobel Peace Prize, for 1909.  He pledged to donate the money "as a nucleus for a foundation to forward the cause of industrial peace".

Cartago, Costa Rica, was destroyed by an earthquake which killed more than 1,500 people.

Seventy coal miners were killed in an explosion at the Palos Coal and Coke Company at Walker County, Alabama.

The town of Hillsborough, California, was incorporated.

The U.S. Weather Bureau, predecessor to the National Weather Service, set a standing record for the highest altitude achieved by a kite 23,826 feet.

Last edition:

Wednesday, May 4, 1910. The Royal Canadian Navy came into being.

Labels: 1900s, 1910, Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy

Thursday, December 30, 1909. Regulating religious processions.

The Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs decreed that baptism ceremonies could not be performed outdoors without a permit, because they qualified as a "religious procession".

While this seems odd, a person must keep in mind the Russian crown's close association with the Russian Orthodox Church.  While the overwhelming majority of Russians were baptized, in church, in that faith, there was a relatively significant Russian Anabaptist community made up of individuals who had immigrated into Russia or whose ancestors had.

This is no longer true, as the overwhelming majority have emigrated to elsewhere.

Last edition:

Sunday, December 26, 1909. The passing of Frederic Remington.

Labels: 1900s, 1909, Art, Frederic Remington, Medicine, Personalities, The West

Sunday, December 26, 1909. The passing of Frederic Remington.

Great American illustrator, author and sculptor, Frederic Remington, died at age 48 of a burst appendix.  He was operated upon, but it was too late.

Remington's role as a chronicler of the American West has been enduring.

Last edition:

Friday, December 24, 1909. US Court determining Armenian ethnicity.

Labels: 1900s, 1909, Armenia, Christianity, Immigration, Japan, law, Protestant, Racism, religion

Friday, December 24, 1909. US Court determining Armenian ethnicity.

The Federal Court in Boston ruled that Armenians were white, and therefore eligible for citizenship.  Some had been denied naturalization on the basis they were "Asiatic".

Japanese Protestant Christian Toyohiko Kagawa (賀川 豊彦) established a Christian mission and social welfare organization that still exists.

Last edition:

Thursday, December 23, 1909. USS Utah launched

Labels: 1900s, 1909, 1940s, 1941, Art, boats and ships, Christmas, James Montgomery Flagg, Pearl Harbor Hawaii, U.S. Navy

Thursday, December 23, 1909. USS Utah launched

The USS Utah was launched.

She'd be lost at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.  Fifty eight of her crew died as a result.  She was not recovered and remains in the harbor near Ford Island.

Last edition:

Monday, December 20, 1909. Open orders.

Labels: 1900s, 1909, Marines, Nicaragua, U.S. Navy

Monday, December 20, 1909. Open orders.

A contingent of US Marines arrived at Corinto, Nicaragua, on the USS Buffalo with orders to invade it it proved necessary to protect US interests.

Last edition

Sunday, December 19, 1909. Borussia Dortmund

Labels: 1900s, 1909, Germany, Soccer, Sports

Sunday, December 19, 1909. Borussia Dortmund

 

Borussia Dortmund, Germany's most popular soccer football club, was founded.

Lsat edition:

Thursday, December 16, 1909. Gunboat Diplomacy.

Labels: 1900s, 1909, 1910s, 1919, Nicaragua, United States

Thursday, December 16, 1909. Gunboat Diplomacy.

With American warships approaching the Nicaraguan coast, José Santos Zelaya resigned as President of the unfairly threatened country.  Zelaya was succeeded by José Madriz, who later resigned under American pressure.

He would spend his later years, as with so many South American exiles, in the US, dying in 1919, in New York City at age 65.

Last edition:

Wednesday, December 15, 1909. Cherry blossoms and The Wyoming.

Labels: 1900s, 1909, boats and ships, Exploration, geography, Japan, Peary's Eighth Arctic Expedition

Wednesday, December 15, 1909. Cherry blossoms and The Wyoming.

1909  The six masted schooner Wyoming, the largest wooden schooner ever built, launched in Bath, Maine.  The huge schooner was the last one launched on the East Coast of the United States.

The Kaga Maru departed Yokohama with 2,000 cherry blossom trees for the U.S.

The National Geographic Society acknowledged Robert E. Peary as the first to reach the North Pole.

Last edition:

Sunday, December 13, 1909. Royal going ons.

Labels: 1900s, 1909, Belgium, Marriage, Monarchy, The relationship between men and women

Sunday, December 13, 1909. Royal going ons.

The widowed King Leopold II of Belgium married his mistress Caroline Lacroix, and the mother of his two sons, Lucien and Philippe, in a religious ceremony.

Caroline Lacroix and her children, Lucien, Duke of Tervuren and Philippe, Count of Ravenstein.  She'd go on to rapidly marry an old flame after the king's death, but the marriage didn't last.  His gifts to her during his lifetime left her very wealthy.  Philippe died in 1914, but Lucien lived a fairly long life.

The marriage was not recognized under Belgian law, and Lucien was ineligible to succeed to the throne.  His nephew Albert became king.

Last edition:

Friday, December 10, 1909. Passing of Red Cloud.

Labels: 1860s, 1900s, 1909, Blog Mirror, Indian Wars, Native Americans, Nebraska, Old Age, Personalities, Pine Ridge Reservation, Red Cloud's War, Sioux, South Dakota, Wyoming

Friday, December 10, 1909. Passing of Red Cloud.

 Sioux leader, Maȟpíya Lúta, Red Cloud, died at age 88 at the Pine Ridge, Reservation.

Regarded as the only Plains Indian leader to defeat the U.S. Army at war, he realized shortly thereafter the futility of further struggle and ceased fighting thereafter.  He was baptized as a Catholic in 1884.

Today In Wyoming's History: December 10: 1909     Red Cloud, (Maȟpíya Lúta) Oglala Sioux warrior and chief, and the only Indian leader to have won a war with the United States in the post 1860 time frame which resulted in a favorable treaty from the Indian prospective, died at the Pine Ridge Reservation.  He was 87 years old, and his fairly long life was not uncommon for Indians of this time frame who were not killed by injuries or disease, showing that the often cited assumption that people who lived in a state of nature lived short lives is in error.  After winning Red Cloud's War, a war waged over the Powder River Basin and the Big Horns, he declined to participate in further wars against the United States, which seems to have been motivated by a visit to Washington D.C in which he became aware of the odds against the Plains Indians.  He did not become passive, and warned the United States that its treatment of Indians on the Reservation would lead to further armed conflict, which of course was correct.

While his most famous actions are associated with Wyoming, Red Cloud was born in Nebraska which inducted him in recent years into the Nebraska Hall of Fame.

Last edition:

Tuesday, December 7, 1909. State of the Union and Bakelite.

Labels: 1900s, 1909, Government, technology, the spoken word, The written word, United States, Weather, William Howard Taft