US Marines and Sailors landed at Bluefields, Nicaragua. An ultimate was given to the country to guarantee protection of US citizens and to explain the recent execution of two American mercenaries, which seemingly wouldn't really require explanation.
The US, UK, Germany, Republic of China, Netherlands, and others, ratified the Hauge Convention of 1907 "to adapt to maritime warfare the principles of the Geneva Convention of the 6th July, 1906"
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Approximately 20,000 Yiddish-speaking young women launched a strike in the New York garment industry.
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Mount Aspiring (referred Tititea), the highest peak in New Zealand at 9,957 feet (3,033 m), was climbed for the first time.
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The US issued a statement demanding reparations from Nicaragua for the execution of two American mercenaries, Leonard Groce and Lee Roy Cannon, that had occurred several days earlier. The transport ship USS Buffalo was ordered to proceed towards Nicaragua.
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Nicaragua was fighting a rebellion at the time.
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Today In Wyoming's History: November 19: 1909 George Sabin sentenced for Second Degree Murder for his part in the Spring Creek Raid. He escaped on December 25,1913, while on a work gang in Basin, and was never recaptured.
The sentencing is remarkable and significance as it effectively meant an end to private warfare over sheep in Wyoming, and it also meant that conventional justice had come to the Big Horn Basin, where previously juries would not convict in these circumstances. This reflected in part the horror of the Spring Creek assault, but also the fact that the Basin was now closer to the rest of the state, having been connected some time prior by rail.
Members of the leadership of the Church of England, including the Archbishop of Canterbury, and fifty members of parliament assembled at Albert Hall to protest Belgium abuses in the Congo.
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Today In Wyoming's History: July 23: 1923 1973 Old Faithful Inn was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Attribution: On This Day.President Nixon refused to turn over tape recordings to the Senate or special prosecutor.
We just posted an item for 1909 on Theodore Roosevelt leaving the US for his legendary 1909, 1910 safari. Famously, after losing his effort to regain the Presidency in the three-way race in 1912, he embarked on the exploration of what was then known as the River of Doubt, or more officially the Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition
It's often noted that Roosevelt never recovered from this trip, but that can be somewhat debated. It's true he was never himself thereafter, but Roosevelt had been a vigorous proponent of "the Strenuous Life" and had lived it. While this is fully admirable, and today would be cited to some degree as a life extending practice, Roosevelt had experienced ill health with asthma in his youth (as have I), and had been shot during the 1912 campaign. Four years of semi enforced idleness as Vice President and President had taken their toll as well, and by the time he left office in 1909 he was, in my view, beginning to significantly age even though he was not yet 60.
Having said that, he made a really dedicated effort to join the Army as head of an expeditionary unit during World War One, so he had plenty of vigor left, even after these ordeals.
It's also noteworthy how, just before World War One, there was plenty of exploration of the remote regions of the globe still going on. The era immediately before the war seems to have been the last great push in the age of exploration.
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The Cherry Mine Disaster saw 247 coal miners and 12 rescuers killed in the accident at Cherry Illinois. It's the third deadliest mine disaster in U.S. history.
University of Virginia freshman halfback Archer Christian was fatally injured during a game against Georgetown.
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The unspeakably brutal lynching of African American Will "Froggy" James took place in Cairo, Illinois before a crowd of 10,000 people.
Three hours later Caucasian Henry Salzner, accused of murdering his wife, was likewise lynched.
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Dr. Isidor Sadger first described narcissism as a personality disorder as part of his presentation "A Case of Multiform Perversion".
On Wisconsin was preformed by the first time by the University of Wisconsin Glee Club.
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Franklin and Elanor Roosevelt's third child, named Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., died at the age of seven months. They'd use the name again for their fifth child.
Victor Hémery became the first person to drive an automobile faster than 125 miles per hour, driving a 200 PS Benz at 126 mph at the Brooklands track in England.
President Taft proclaimed the Gran Quivira National Monument, New Mexico, containing ruins Pueblo settlements dating back to the 9th Century and Spanish missions dating back to the 17th.
Exact dates for the Puebloan settlements would be impossible to determine, but construction of the missions started in 1622 and were completed in 1635. An additional church was built in 1651. The entire population migrated north in 1677, and everything was abandoned.
The expanded site today is the Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument.
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The first Boy Scout Troop in the United States was organized. It was in Barre, Vermont.
Or maybe. There are other 1909 contenders.
Sir Oliver Lodge published an article in the Journal of the British Astronomical Association theorizing that if there had been intelligent life on Mars, it had been destroyed by a catastrophe two months earlier when, he theorized, the Martian polar ice caps had fractured.
Born on this day. He passed away in 2006.
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