US Marines and Sailors landed at Bluefields, Nicaragua. An ultimate was given to the country to guarantee protection of US citizens and to explain the recent execution of two American mercenaries, which seemingly wouldn't really require explanation.
The US, UK, Germany, Republic of China, Netherlands, and others, ratified the Hauge Convention of 1907 "to adapt to maritime warfare the principles of the Geneva Convention of the 6th July, 1906"
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The Japanese aircraft carrier Shin'yō was sunk in the Yellow Sea by the USS Spadefish. The Japanese landing craft depot ship Mayasan Maru was sunk in the East China Sea by the USS Picuda with the 3,856 lives.
Over the last few days, American submarines had effectively destroyed the numerical equivalent of an entire Japanese Army division.
The British 2nd Army took Wessem, Netherlands.
The Allies agree with the Belgian government to have Belgian resistance forces lay down their arms.
Disarming resistance groups, which posed a danger to the governments of the liberated territories, was becoming a problem.
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The USS Mount Hood, an ammunition ship, exploded at Seeadler Harbor at Manus Island in Papua New Guinea, killing all on board and damaging 22 other ships.
Imperial Japanese forces took U.S. airfields in China as part of Operation Ichi-Go. The Japanese were gaining ground in China.
The Germans rounded up over 50,000 Dutch me in Rotterdam as slave labor, and effectively as hostages.
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Walter Edward Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne, DSO & Bar, TD, PCk, British minister of state in the Middle East was assassinated by the Jewish terrorist group Lehi in Cairo.
The struggle over post war Palestine had begun.
Well, maybe begun again. British rule in Palestine had never been particularly easy.
The German garrison at Middleburg in the Netherlands surrendered to the Canadian Army.
The French government repealed Vichy anti Semitic laws, but implementation would prove to be difficult to implement in terms of restoring their possessions and occupations.
Penicillin began production in large scale in Liverpool.
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Із Послання Митрополита Андрея Шептицького “Не убий” [21 листопада 1942 року]Андрей ШептицькийБожою Милістю і Святого Апостольського Римського Престолу Благословенням Митрополит, Архієпископ Галицький і Львівський Єпископ, Кам’янецький Духовенству й вірним Мир о Господі і благословенствоНЕ УБИЙ![...] Дивним способом обманюють себе і людей ті, що політичне вбивство не уважають гріхом, наче би політика звільняла чоловіка від обов’язку Божого закону та оправдувала злочин, противний людській природі. Так не є. Християнин є обов’язковий заховувати Божий закон не тільки в приватному житті, але й в політичному та суспільному житті. Людина, що проливає неповинну кров свого ворога, політичного противника, є таким самим чоловіковбивником, як людина, що це робить для рабунку, і так само заслуговує на кару Божу і на клятву Церкви.Християнин, і не тільки християнин, а кожна людина обов’язана з людської природи до любови ближнього. І не тільки християн, але й усіх людей буде Всев[вишній] Бог І[сус] Христос, справедливий Суддя, судити по всім ділам життя, а передусім по ділам милосердя і любови ближнього, як це описане в притчі про страшний суд (Мат. XXV). Чоловіковбивник не тільки, що не мав милосердя до вбитого, терплячого, ув’язненого, але ближньому зробив найтяжчу кривду, яку тільки міг зробити, відбираючи йому життя, і то може в хвилі, коли той ближній, на смерть не приготований, стратив через неї всяку надію на вічне життя! Тим вчинком скривдив він усі діти вбитого, жінку, старих батьків, які без помочі вбитого, засуджені, може, на голод і нужду. Та не тільки вбив ближнього, але й свою душу позбавив надприродного життя, Божої благодаті, та ввів її у пропасть, з якої, може, вже й не буде спасіння! Бо прокляттям неповинної крові викликав, може, в своїй душі демонів пожадливости, які кажуть йому в терпіннях і болях ближнього шукати власної радости.[...] Світ гине з браку любови, гине з людської ненависти! Не переставаймо ж благати Всевишнього про обильні, теплі дощі його святої благодати з неба.Вкінці звертаюся ще до вас усіх, Дорогих Братів, вірних та усильно взиваю до заховування якнайбільшого супокою. Воєнні часи приносять нам неодно терпіння і неодну спокусу. Йде лиш про це, щоб з Божою благодаттю тривати при Божому законі і сильно надіятися на Всевишнього, що його пресвята ласка оберне на наше добро всі терпіння, які нам зіслав. Досвіди принимаємо з Божих рук; нічого не діється без волі Небесного Отця, Бог, добрий Батько, змилосердиться над нами, простить наші гріхи і дасть діждатися благословенного часу миру.
A British-Greek force landed at Piraeus, Greece.
The British took Carpineta, Italy.
The Germans retreated from Rovaniemi.
The Red Army broke through German lines at Riga.
The Germans hit Antwerp with V1s and V2s for the first time.
The Black Watch of Canada attacks at Hoogerheide, Netherlands, with disastrous results.
Navy Task Force 38 hits Formosa again, with the Japanese attempting to counter attack by air.
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The Fourth Moscow Conference began, with Churchill, Stalin (of course), and W. Averell Harriman in attendance. The Allies, knowing that victory was coming, discussed post war Europe.
Polish delegates attended some of the meetings.
As odd as it may seem, to many in Germany, the coming defeat was not yet a mental reality. There's a lesson in there about believing what you want to believe, in spite of the evidence.
The St. Louis Cardinals took the 1944 World Series in the sixth game.
The Canadian 3d Division landed at Breskens on the south bank of the Scheldt.
A U.S. task force bombarded Marcus Island.
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Finnish forces captured Taivalkoski.
The Red Army took Hiuma Island, Estonia.
The 1st Army broke through the Siegfried Line north of Aachen.
The RAF broke the dikes around Walcheren Island, flooding it.
Partisans attempted to kidnap fascist Italian Social Republic Minister of the Interior.Guido Buffarini Guidi with tragic unsuccessful results.
The ME 262 became operational.
The I-177 was sunk by the USS Samuel S. Miles
The USS Seawolf was sunk by the USS Richard M. Rowell in a friendly fire accident.
Pack mule train of 26th Indian Mule Co. with British 13th Corps, moving through town of Marradi.
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With Soviet troops across the Vistula not crossing the river, something often regarded as intentional, the Germans prevailed in defeating the Warsaw Uprising. 200,000 Poles were killed in the battle, most of them civilians, and central Warsaw destroyed. Between 2,000 and 17,000 German troops were killed in the battle. Around 15,000 Polish underground and Polish Home Army troops were killed. 15,000 went into captivity.
There's good reason to believe that Stalin saw the Poles and the Germans fighting in the city to his overall benefit. It killed a lot of Germans, and it killed non communist Poles.
The Battle of Aachen commenced with an American offensive.
The Battle of the Scheldt commenced.
Japanese resistance on Peleliu's Mount Amiangal was defeated.
Lucian Truscott appeared on the cover of Life Magazine.
The British 8th Army crossed the Uso (Rubicon).
The British 2nd Army took Turnhout between Antwerp and Eindhoven. They also took Oss.
The Germans shelled the British coastal city of Dover with long-range artillery implaced near Calais. The British returned fire with long range coast artillery at Dover. This would end the long range artillery duels across the channel.
The RAF bombed Calais and Cap Griz Nez.
The Red Army prevailed in its Tallinn Offensive.
Greek resistance groups recognized the authority of the Greek government in exile and to place themselves under the Allied Supreme Commander in the Mediterranean.
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Operation Market Garden failed to achieve its final objective at Arnhem and the British 1st Airborne was ordered to evacuate at night across the Rhine. Only 2,400 men of the 10,000 that dropped into fight at the city were recovered. 1,100 were killed in the battle. 6.400 were captured. A few remained hidden in Arnhem with Dutch families.
The battle achieved legendary status with the British nearly immediately, and was memorialized in a 1946 movie featuring many original British combatants entitled Theirs Is The Glory. In spite of the significant American role, the battle tended to be ignored by American historians until 1974's book A Bridge Too Far by popular historian Cornelius Ryan, which was turned into a major movie in 1977.
Operation Market Garden has been a matter of enduring controversy in military history circles. It was an unusually bold plan for Montgomery, but it also emphasized his own forces, with the addition of available American airborne, for what was essentially a very long strike for a roundabout path into Germany based on a narrow advance over a single road, and depending upon all of the bridges that were targeted being taken. If things had worked perfectly, it's doubtful that it would have brought the war to a conclusion in 1944, as was hoped, as the Germans, after the fall of France, were effectively regrouping for the defense of Germany.
It tends to be portrayed as an overall failure, which in many ways it was. It did, however, liberate much of the Netherlands, although it helped to create the tactical scenario which gave rise to the German offensive in Belgium in December. At the same time, however, Wacht am Rhein, which had already been approved, arguably only achieve a wasting of German resources in the final month of the war. Moreover, if the offensive was a defeat, as some claim, it bears comparison to the treatment of the Battle of Anzio, which was arguably on part with it as a failure but which is not regarded as a defeat, or the delayed taking of Caen.
The British 2nd Army took Helmond and Deurne east of Eindhoven. The Canadian 3d Division attacked trapped German troops in Calais.
The British urged foreign workers and slave laborers in Germany to rebel.
The Red Army took Haapsalu, Estonia on the Baltic.
Hitler ordered the formation of the Volkssturm, the militia formed of civilian men.
Partisans occupied Banja Luka, Yugoslavia.
Harvard announced that for the first time it would admit women to medical school starting in the fall of 1945.
Claire Poe of Miami Beach appeared on the cover of a Life magazine special issue entitled "A Letter to GI's" because she was attractive in the girl next store sort of way. She was only 18, which is interesting to Generation Jones members like myself, as she clearly looked much more mature than 18 year old girls did when I was 18.
Life revealed that she'd just entered college with hopes of becoming a math teacher, and was corresponding to a Sergeant in Puerto Rico and an Ensign at Fort Lauderdale.
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