Showing posts with label Operation Bagration. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Operation Bagration. Show all posts

Monday, August 19, 2024

Saturday, August 19, 1944. Uprising in Paris.

French resistance members began attacks on German troops in Paris.

FFL on August 19, 1944.

The uprising forced an Allied reassessment of the line of advance.  While French forces very much wanted to take Paris, and probably would have advanced on it no matter what they were told, Eisenhower did not want to as he did not regard the city as strategic and its large civilian population would instantly become a burden Allied supplies.

Unlike the Soviets, however, the Western Allies were not willing to simply let the Germans do what they will with an uprising in a city.

On the road to Paris, Ecouche, a French military policeman directs a British armored convoy at an intersection of the town.  August 19, 1944.

The Battle for Mont Ormel ridge as a final part of the Falaise operation, featuring Polish troops taking on the Germans at Hill 262.

3d Infantry Division soldier in southern France walks over a poster of Hitler.

American anti tank gun crew in southern France.

3d Infantry Division medic aiding wounded German.  The medic's 1943 boots are clearly in evidence and the 3d Infantry Division insignia is prominent on the shirts and helmets of these men.  The medic is carrying a short pickaxe on his belt.

French policeman and resistance fighter bringing in German captive in southern France.

Two French women on opposites sides of the war in sympathies square off in a fight in southern France.  A couple of items.  One of the French women is wearing shorts, which were very common hot weather apparel for French women in this period.  They were worn elsewhere as well, but they were common for the French.  Secondly, I don't know who is who, but as the women in the center seems to be getting the brunt of it, my guess she is the German sympathizer.  This would become a common scene.

Operation Bagration concluded in a Soviet victory.

American submarines sank troopship Teia Maru (formerly the French ocean liner Aramis), the landing craft depot ship Tamatsu Maru and fleet oiler Hayasui.

German submarines U-123 and U-466 were scuttled.

A referendum to grant the Australian government additional powers over a five year period failed.

Field Marshal Günther von Kluge, age 61, who had fallen under suspicion due to the July 20 plot ,and who had been relieved the day prior, killed himself.

Last edition:

Friday, August 18, 1944. German retreats.

Wednesday, August 14, 2024

Monday, August 14, 1944. Closing Gaps

Partisan in Florence, August 14, 1944

On this day in 1944, Operation Tractable was commenced by Canadian and Polish troops in Normandy with the goal of closing the Falaise Gap, which it did.  Casualties were outsized, as they often are during offensives, with the Canadian forces, the largest Allied contingent by far, taking over twice the number of casualties as the Germans.

Canadian artillery advancing.

On the same day, the Red Army completed operations in Operation Osovets, having taken all of their objectives in a week's operation in the final stage of Operation Bagration.

Also on this day, the Ft. Lawton riot occurred at Ft. Lawton, Washington. The riot was a conflict between Italian Prisoners of War and African American soldiers who had been celebrating their imminent departure overseas.  The riot started as an exchange of words between some drunk soldiers with liberty and Italian prisoners, which escalated into a fight.  Military Policemen restored order with no arrests, but the following day an Italian POW was found lynched.  No American participants in the riot could really be identified, but nonetheless 43 of them were charged in connection with the incident and 28 convicted in the largest US trial of servicemen during World War Two.

Last edition:

Sunday, July 28, 2024

Friday, July 28, 1944. The U.S. Army advances in Normandy.

Replacements lining up for Red Cross donuts at a U.S. Repo Depo, Normandy.

The 4th Armored Division took Coutances in an action that featured accelerated ground advancement.

Troops of the 2nd Armored Division, July 28, 1944.  Note the frog pattern uniforms.

The Red Army began the Kaunas Offensive.


The ME 163 saw combat for the first time.

Marines probing a cave on Tinian, July 28, 1944.  The Marine in the rear is an NCO (note helmet stripe) carrying a M1 Garand. The Marine in front of him wearing teh camouflaged jackeet is carrying a M1911 pistol.

Pope Puix XII addressed the Polish people (in French).

DISCOURS DU PAPE PIE XII

AUX REPRÉSENTANTS DU PEUPLE POLONAIS

Salle Clémentine - Vendredi 28 juillet 1944

Il Nous serait bien difficile de trouver les paroles aptes à vous exprimer comme Nous la sentons, la vive et profonde émotion qui Nous étreint en ce moment, Fils très chers de la Pologne bien-aimée. Depuis les toutes premières alertes de l'horrible tourmente et à mesure que celle-ci, une fois déchaînée, sévissait de plus en plus furieuse, le regard du cœur tendu vers votre héroïque Nation. Nous suivions jour par jour, heure par heure, pourrions-Nous dire, dans la douleur et l'anxiété, le cours des événements qui l'accablaient, à peine ressuscitée et consolidée, de nouvelles et toujours plus dures épreuves. Mais pas plus que vous, Nous n'avons un seul instant désespéré d'une nouvelle résurrection de votre patrie, répétant avec vous le cri inspiré du juste souffrant : « Etiam si occiderit me, in ipso sperabo » (Iob 13, 15).

Qui eût pu prévoir que ces vicissitudes mêmes dussent vous amener aujourd'hui, avec vos illustres Chefs, du champ de bataille à la demeure du Père commun, après avoir donné des exemples magnifiques de religion et de piété, portant, sous l'habit de vaillants guerriers, le cœur des plus dévots pèlerins, pour offrir au successeur de Pierre le filial hommage de votre peuple.

À vous voir maintenant, pressés autour de Nous, Notre souvenir se reporte, cinq ans en arrière, à ce 30 septembre 1939, où la colonie polonaise de Rome venait, au milieu de ses angoisses, Nous apporter le témoignage de son imperturbable confiance et recevoir en retour Nos paroles de consolation et d'encouragement. Ce n'était alors pourtant que le prélude des douleurs, « initia dolorum » (cf. Mt 24, 8) et le flot de ces douleurs, montant, montant toujours, a submergé votre patrie : « intraverunt aquae usque ad animam meam » (Ps 68, 1). Malgré tout, après ces cinq longues années d'agonie, Nous pouvons, aujourd'hui comme alors, lire dans vos yeux la même confiance, la même fidélité, mais Nous y voyons briller, cette fois, la belle flamme de la noble fierté et de l'espérance.

En réalité, quoique votre sol national soit tout rouge du sang qui l'inonde, votre droit est si certain, que Nous avons le ferme espoir que toutes les nations prendront conscience de leur dette envers la Pologne, théâtre et trop souvent enjeu de leurs conflits, et que quiconque garde au cœur une étincelle de sentiment vraiment humain et chrétien tiendra à revendiquer pour elle toute la place qui lui est due, selon les principes de la justice et d'une véritable paix.

La vie des peuples est une succession continuelle d'ombre et de lumière ; nul plus que le vôtre ne présente ce clair-obscur dans son tragique passé. Parmi tant de vicissitudes, vos excellentes qualités : votre bravoure, votre esprit de sacrifice, votre patriotisme, vous ont sauvés dans les dangers extrêmes et jusque sur le bord de l'abîme. Relisez vos annales et retenez l'enseignement que vous verrez jaillir de l'histoire des temps meilleurs, comme celui du grand roi Casimir. Vous y trouverez qu'en ceci réside le précieux secret de la force nationale: un pouvoir qui n'a en vue que le vrai bien du peuple et, réciproquement, un peuple unanimement soumis avec confiance à ses chefs en vue du bien commun.

Mais Nous voyons surtout deux sources qui, aux heures les plus périlleuses, maintiennent chez vous la vie saine et forte. C'est d'abord l'énergie et la prudence de vos admirables femmes qui se sont montrées si souvent, dans le temps de la détresse, les fermes soutiens de votre espérance. Vos mères, vos sœurs, vos épouses, vos fiancées, au cours de ces années sombres, comme elles ont travaillé, comme elles ont souffert, comme elles ont prié pour vous et en union avec vous !

Et puis, c'est la vitalité de votre foi catholique bientôt millénaire. Elle date de cette année 966 où votre prince Mieszko I la reçut de l'Église Romaine et du souverain Pontife. Depuis, votre fidélité au Christ, à son Église, à son Vicaire est demeurée indéfectible. Elle a franchi la période troublée du XVIe siècle sans de graves dommages. Elle vous a coûté bien des combats soutenus avec intrépidité, bien des souffrances portées avec courage.

En dépit des problèmes, des préoccupations qui peuvent obscurcir encore l'horizon, Nous avons confiance que la Providence divine, en récompense de ces mille ans, vous fera goûter enfin la douceur d'une paix durable dans une heureuse prospérité. Elle vous en donne comme un avant-goût en cet instant même qui vous réunit auprès de Nous.

Halte bien brève au milieu de vos pénibles tribulations et de vos dures fatigues ; bien brève, oui, mais qui, Nous n'en doutons pas, vous laissera au cœur un parfum, un baume dont le bienfait ne passera pas aussi vite. Car ici, à Rome, en cette « Cité de Dieu » sur la terre, choisie par lui pour centre de son Église, tous les lieux, toutes les pierres parlent un langage auquel nul esprit chrétien ne saurait demeurer insensible. « Cité de Dieu » dont tous les citoyens, en dépit des divisions, des conflits d'intérêts, par-dessus les heurts inévitables en ce bas monde, sont tous frères, de la grande et véritable fraternité dans la charité du Christ, parce que tous sont également fils du Père qui est aux cieux, tous également frères et cohéritiers du Fils qui en est le fondateur, le sauveur et le roi.

C'est que, connaissant comme Nous le connaissons le noble cœur de votre peuple, Nous avons la conviction que l'amour du Christ saura vous inspirer ce que déjà la sagesse politique vous suggère. Il vous fera planer bien haut au dessus des calculs purement humains et dédaigner les âpres satisfactions des représailles et de la vengeance pour leur préférer la sublime tâche de faire valoir vos légitimes revendications, de relever et reconstituer votre patrie, de travailler en commun avec toutes les âmes droites, qui sont nombreuses en toutes les nations, à rétablir les relations fraternelles entre les membres de la grande famille de Dieu.

C'est en plaçant sous la protection de la Vierge Marie, Reine et Patronne de la Pologne, cette espérance d'un heureux avenir et en lui confiant Notre prière, que, du fond du cœur, Nous vous donnons à vous, à vos familles, à vos camarades, à tous ceux qui vous sont chers, à ceux qui, dans la patrie on dans l'exil, attendent votre retour, à tout le peuple Polonais enfin, en témoignage de Notre affection et en gage des faveurs divines, Notre Bénédiction apostoliqu

Last edition:

Thursday, July 27, 1944. Eastern advances.

Friday, July 19, 2024

Wednesday, July 19, 1944. The start of the Democratic Convention.

 

Opening of the Democratic Convention.

A couple of big items are reported by Sarah Sundin:

Today in World War II History—July 19, 1944

These include the beginning of the 1944 Democratic Convention and the 5th Army taking Livorno, Italy.

President Roosevelt had no real opposition to his nomination. The big question was who would be his vice president.

The Battle of Verrières Ridge in Normandy south of Caen, with two Canadian divisions pitted against three SS divisions.

Troops of the 29th Infantry Division in Saint-Lô.

Saint-Lô was taken by U.S. troops.

The Red Army entered Latvia.

The Ōi was sunk by the USS Flasher.

Last edition:

Tuesday, July 18, 1944. Tojo out.

Thursday, July 18, 2024

Tuesday, July 18, 1944. Tojo out.

British armor, July 18, 1944.

Hideki Tojo was removed premier of Japan and resigned as Chief of Staff of the Army.

Gen. Kuniaki Koiso and Adm. Yonai were chosen to form a new cabinet.  Gen. Umezu became the Army Chief of Staff.

The Red Army launched the Lublin-Brest Offensive.


The British launched Operation Goodwood to expand out from Caen, making costly advances.  The action has, as one of its goals, keeping German forces committed against the British so they do not redeploy against US forces.

The US 19th Corps occupied Saint-Lô.  

The Polish 2nd Corps took Ancona, Italy.

Abandoned German tanks, Italy.

The U-672 was sunk by the HMS Balfour.

Last edition:

Monday, July 17, 1944. The Port Chicago Disaster


Saturday, July 13, 2024

Thursday, July 13, 1944. Stuck in the Bocage.

Pvt. Roland Bonnell (left) of Cleveland, Ohio, and Sgt. James Devine (right) of Commack, New York, comfort a French girl with a puppy in Colleville, France.  July 13, 1944.  Bonnell, who had a brother serving in the Navy, is wearing the new M1943 combat boots.

The Red Army's Vilnius Offensive ended in a Red Army victory.  Polish Home Army troops that had staged a rebellion in Vilnius itself against the Germans were arrested by the Soviets.

The Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive began.

The Germans burned down the Kovno Ghetto's hospital.


U.S. forces become stalled in the bocage country.   The Western Allies in general were making dangerously slow progress in Normandy.

U.S. troops observe a destroyed Panzerkampfwagen V Panther, July 13, 1944.  Categorized as a medium tank, it was built to directly counter the Soviet T-34.  It was an excellent tank, but like all later German armor, it suffered from mechanical complication.

Sarah Sundin reports on a number of interesting items:

Today in World War II History—July 13, 1944

These include the recovering of US position on Aitape and the accidental landing of a Ju88 in the UK which featured equipment that homed in on US radar.

Last edition:

Wednesday, July 12, 1944. The death of Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.

    Monday, July 8, 2024

    Saturday, July 8, 1944.

    The Saturday Evening Post featured a clown on the cover, a really unfortunate piece of artwork given the horrific circus fire earlier in the week.

    Thursday, July 6, 1944. Advances on Eastern Front, Halted on Western Front, Tragedy in Connecticut, Racism at Camp Hood.

    The disputed photograph which is likely of Ellis Underwood may have been taken on this date:

    Tuesday, June 27, 1944. Angelo Klonis or Thomas E. Underwood?

    British and Canadian forces launched Operation Charnwood which sought to at least partially capture Caen. Heavy RAF raids on the city are launched as part of the offensive.

    German machine gun crew killed in action by U.S. troops in Normandy on this day.

    The SS began to remove the Jewish population of Kovno to Stufthof and Dauchau in order to clear out the ghetto before it was liberated by the Red Army.

    Admiral Takeo Takagi (高木 武雄) was killed on Saipan.

    The U-243 was sunk by the RAAF in the Bay of Biscay.

    Mass in the Ready Room of the USS Saginaw Bay (CVE 82), July 8, 1944.

    Last edit:

    Saturday, July 6, 2024

    Thursday, July 6, 1944. Advances on Eastern Front, Halted on Western Front, Tragedy in Connecticut, Racism at Camp Hood.

    Admiral Horthy ordered a halt to the deportation of Hungarian Jews, clearly seeing which way the war was going.  Hungary had not supported this policy initially, but upon being invaded by the Germans early in 1944 Jewish deportation commenced.

    The Red Army took Kovel and Svir.

    The Polish 3d Division took Osemo, Italy.

    The U.S. Army took Namber airfield on Numfoor.

    Allied progress was generally halted in Normandy.

    De Gaulle arrived in Washington for talks on his administration and forces. Bretton Woods, of course, the boozy conference on post-war economics, was rolling on at the same time.

    The tragic Hartford Circus Fire resulted in 167 deaths and 700 injuries in Hartford, Connecticut.  Up to 7,000 people when the tent caught fire, with the cause never being determined.


    U. S. Army Lieutenant Jackie Robinson, stationed at Camp Hood, Texas, was instructed to move to a seat farther back in the back of an Army bus and refused, resulting in his court-martialed.  Army buses were not segregated.

    Robinson had originally been an enlisted cavalryman who had been sent to OCS, and was now a cavalry officer serving in an armor unit.  His commander, Paul L. Bates, refused to authorize the prosecution whereupon he was transferred to another unit and then charged with multiple offenses, including public drunkenness even though Robinson did not drink.  He was tried in August 1944, and acquitted.

    The delay caused by the trial prevented him from going overseas with his unit.  He was transferred to Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky, and served as an army athletics coach before being discharged in November 1944.

    Council of war, Saipan, July 6, 1944.

    Last edition:

    Wednesday July 5, 1944. Third Army in Normandy.

    Thursday, July 4, 2024

    Tuesday, July 4, 1944. Independence Day.

    "Marine Private First Class Raymond Hubert, shakes a three-day accumulation of sand from his boondocker."  Saipan, July 4, 1944.

    The U.S. Army in Normandy celebrated Independence Day with a massive, timed artillery barrage.  Progress in the hedgerow country, however, is slow, and US casualties were becoming severe.

    The Canadian Army commenced Operation Windsor, designed to take Carpiquet, which by the end of the day, they did, save for the airfield.

    The Red Army took Polotsk.

    The Soviets commenced the Battle of Vuosalmi against Finnish positions, which they were having difficulty with.

    A second parachute drop was made at Numfoor and took Kornasoren airfield with heavy casualties.

    US Task Force 58 attacked Guam, Chichi Jima and Iwo Jima from the air.

    The I-10 was sunk east of Saipan by the USS David W. Taylor and USS Riddle.

    Last edition:

    Monday, July 3, 1944. Airborne at Numfoor, Red Army in Minsk.

    Wednesday, July 3, 2024

    Monday, July 3, 1944. Airborne at Numfoor, Red Army in Minsk.

    The Red Army retook Minsk, leaving the path through Belarus and into Poland open of urban obstacles.  It had been occupied by the Germans since June 28, 1941, which means that the Wehrmacht in Barbarossa had taken it in an amazingly short amount of time.

    German forces that had been defending Minsk were now trapped east of the city, a bad place to be.

    Gen. Georg Lindemann was relieved as commander of Army Group North and replaced with Johannes Frießner.

    Lindemann would not be returned to service until February 1945, when he was placed in command of German troops in Denmark.  Frießner would go into retirement, after being relieved from a subsequent assignment, in December 1945.  After the war, he was an apologist for the German war effort and the Waffen SS, but did advise West Germany in regard to the creation of the Bundesheer.

    The US 1st Army launched an offensive with the goal of establishing a new line from Coutances to St. Lo.

    Sixty-six American servicemen of the 130th Chemical Processing Company were killed by a V-1 drone at Chelsea, the largest loss of US life from a V-1.  Nine civilians were also killed.

    Moroccan troops in Siena.

    The French took Siena, Italy.  Well. . . French and Moroccans.  The British took Cortona.

    The Germans launched the Emergency Fighter Program (Jägernotprogramm),

    U.S. Paratroopers took Kamiriz Airfield on Numfoor, but with heavy casualties.

    Airborne drops in the Pacific and Asia are nearly forgotten.

    The Allies prevailed in the Battle of Imphal.  

    The U-154 was sunk in the Atlantic by the U.S. Navy.

    Filipino women working for the Office of War Information. Left to right, Adelaida Torres, Robert Kleiman, Salud Darrago, and Julie Bayona.

    Last edition:

    Sunday, July 2, 1944. Plots in motion and the SS Jean Nicolet