Wednesday, December 19, 1945. Unifying the services.

President Truman starts down a road that would turn out like poking a bear:

This is a bit confusing, historically, as what it resulted in is the current Department of Defense, replacing the Department of War (which is further confused by the illegitimate Trump interregnum pretending the Department of Defense is the Department of War), but it had real consequences.  The War Department had effectively been the Department of the Army, as a second Department of the Navy had been created shortly after the War Department and it largely did not oversee the Navy.  The problems associated with that became clear during World War Two, and therefore the desire to bring them under one roof made sense, although the Armed Forces did not like it.

The result was the current Department of Defense and its current, albeit evolved, structure.

U.S. Navy Captain Charles B. McVay III, the commander of the USS Indianapolis, was found guilty in his court-martial for failing to zigzag but  not for failure to order abandon ship in a timely manner. He was sentenced The court sentenced McVay to lose 100 numbers in his temporary rank of Captain and 100 numbers in his permanent rank of Commander. In 1946, at the behest of Admiral Nimitz, Chief of Naval Operations, Secretary of the Navy Forrestal remitted McVay's sentence and restored him to duty.  He committed suicide in 1968.

Regarding the Second World War, John Ford's They Were Expendable was released.  I always think of this as a film that was released during World War Two, but it wasn't.  It's director, John Ford,  has been in the Navy, and Robert Montgomery, one of the actors in the film, also had been after having also been an ambulance driver in France up until Dunkirk.  Montgomery would direct part of the film due to Ford breaking his leg, and prove so good at it that his career thereafter evolved in that direction.

The Swiss Parliament passed a law permitting the immediate expulsion of all foreigners with pro-Nazi or fascist views.

British fascist and founder of the British Free Corps John Amery was executed for treason at age 33.  Amery's tragicatory in life is interesting in that it somewhat reminds people of some of the far right incels around now.

Last edition:

Sunday, December 16, 1945. Sinclair boosts wages.

Labels: 1940s, 1945, football, Japan, Petroleum, Strike Wave of 1945-1946, World War Two, Wyoming (Sinclair)

Monday, December 3, 1945. A Walk In The Sun.

A Walk In The Sun was released.  I'm personally not a great fan of the movie, but many regard it as one of the greatest World War Two, and indeed war, films ever.

3 December 1945

3 December 1945: The first landing and takeoff aboard an aircraft carrier by a jet-powered aircraft were made by Lieutenant-Commander Eric Melrose Brown, M.B.E., D.S.C., R.N.V.R., Chief Naval Test Pilot at RAE Farnborough, while flying a de Havilland DH.100 Sea Vampire Mk.10, LZ551/G. The ship was the Royal Navy Colossus-class light aircraft carrier, HMS Ocean (R68), under the command of Captain Casper John, R.N.

The Arab League voted to boycott all goods from Jewish Palestine.

The U.S. Supreme Court decided International Shoe Co. v. Washington holding that held that a party may be subject to the jurisdiction of a state court if it has "minimum contacts" with that state.

This ad appeared in Sheridan's newspaper:

Last edition:

Friday, November 30, 1945. Executing Germans for ordering the killing of civilian sailors and for directly killing downed airmen.

Labels: 1940s, 1945, Cartoons, German Kriegsmarine, History repeating itself or at least rhyming, Home Front, It was because of World War Two, Nuclear power, Nuremberg Trials, War Crimes, Weapons, World War Two

Friday, October 5, 1945. Hollywood Black Friday.

The 1945 strike wave expanded to Hollywood on a day known as Hollywood Black Friday.  The strike by the Conference of Studio Unions would last for six months.

The American Mercury, which became Meet The Press, premiered on the radio.

Last edition:

Tuesday, October 2, 1945. Patton relieved.

Labels: 1940s, 1945, Aircraft, Dwight Eisenhower, George S. Patton, Occupation of Japan, Occupation of Korea, Operation Blacklist Forty, South Korea, U.S. Navy

Thursday, September 27, 1945. Emperors meet.

Emperor Hirohito and Gen. Douglas MacArthur met in Tokyo.

Rome, Open City, premiered.

Last edition:

Monday, September 24, 1945. Hirohito threw Tojo under the bus for Pearl Harbor. Elevator operators on strike.

Labels: 1940s, 1945, Hideki Tojo, Hirohito, Japan, Labor unrest, Lost occupations, Mid-Week at Work, Pearl Harbor Hawaii, Strike Wave of 1945-1945, The roles of men and women, Work, World War Two

Tuesday, September 18, 1945. The first desegregation student protest.

White students in Gary, Indiana, walked out of their schools to protest racial integration.  It was the first such example of this in the United States, and an early effort to desegrated segregated schools.

The Red Chinese won the Battle of Xiangshuikou 

Secretary of War Henry Stimson resigned.  He'd also held the post from 1911-13 under Taft.

Stimson regarded Taft as the most efficient President he served under, and he served under more administrations than any other person in U.S. history.  He said that the best President was "Roosevelt", not making a distinction between the two Roosevelts.

Look was out, with Ingrid Bergman on the covery in her role in The Bells of St. Mary.

Last edition:

Friday, September 14, 1945. Strike!

Labels: 1940s, 1945, Belgium, Corporatism, It was because of World War Two, Labor unrest, Post WWII Occupation of Germany, Strike Wave of 1945-1945, The Post War Economy Myth, Unions

Wednesday, August 29, 1945. The USS Missouri arrives at Tokyo Bay.

Mao Tse-tung and Chiang Kai-shek met for talks to avert civil war, which was already going on, between the Communists and the Nationalists in China.  The Xinghua Campaign began on the same day.

Japanese troops in Southeast Asia, numbering around 740,000 surrendered to the British.

The Royal Navy arrived to reestablish British control of Hong Kong.

The USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay.

US military investigations on the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor were released.  They contained criticism of former Secretary of State Hull, General Marshall and Admiral Stark  Truman objected to the findings on Marshall and Hull.

The musical State Fair was released.

Last edition:

Tuesday, April 28, 1945. U.S. Troops in Japan.

Labels: 1940s, 1945, baseball, Chinese Civil War, Communists, Ethnicities, Hermann Göring, Ho Chi Minh, Japan, Nuremberg Trials, Occupation of Japan, Red Army, Sakhalin Island, Vietnam, War Crimes, World War Two

Friday, June 15, 1945. Infantry Day.

The longest British Parliament since the Cavalier Parliament of 1661–1679 was dissolved ahead of the July 5 elections.  Parliament had been in session since 1935, as elections during the war had been suspended.

The Battle of Bessang Pass in the Philippines came to an end in an Allied victory.

It was the first flight of the XP-82, the Twin Mustang.

Coming too late for its intended role as an escort for B-29s in World War Two, it would see action during the Korean War before it was retired in 1953.

Today In Wyoming's History: June 15: 1945  Governor Leslie Hunt proclaimed to day Infantry Day.

Conflict, starring Humphrey Bogart, Alexis Smith and Sydney Greenstreet was released.

Last edition:

Thursday, June 14, 1945. Slogging.

Labels: 1940s, 1945, Charles de Gaulle, Chester Nimitz, Chinese Army, Chinese National Army, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower, Japan, Northern Ireland, Okinawa, Ulster, World War Two

Friday, May 25, 1945. The Clock.

"A Battery, 465 FA Bn) located near Ballette Pass, Luzon, P.I.) in the 25th Div, one of action. Pfc R. Duffy; Pfc T. McDonald; Pfc A. Mullins; Pfc T. Kaskie; Pvt A. Rossetti; Capt H. W. Berberian; T/4 F. Grogorowich; Cpl D. Marcus; Cpl K. Cameron; Pfc J. Sullivan; Pfc E. Colby all of Boston, Mass, load the prepare to fire an 8 in gun. The Japs are located on a ridge about, 500 yds forward this position. 25 May, 1945.  465th Field Artillery Battalion."   This gun appears to be a 155mm "Long Tom", a long range artillery piece.  If this caption is correct, it's a freakish situation in that the gun is so close to the front lines.

The Battle of Odžak between Yugoslav (communist) partisans and the fascist Croatian Armed Forces ended in a Yugoslav partisan victory.  Fighting ended in Europe.

The American armed forces Chiefs of Staff set November 1, 1945 as the start date for the invasion of Japan.

USS Bates (APD-47) burning off Ie Shima, Ryukyu Islands, after being hit by three kamikazee.  May 25, 1945.

MGM released the wartime romance, The Clock.

The plot centers around a whirlwind romance of a soldier on leave and a woman he meets, taking place in 48 hours.  They meet and marry in that time frame.

Suffice it to say, a marriage contracted that rapidly would be risky.

The Post World War Two increase in divorces. . . maybe.*

On this general topic, I rewated The Best Years of Our Lives Friday night.  What struck me in rewatching it was the casual acceptance of divorce in the film.  Perhaps that's stretching it, but two of the central characters are involved, in a way, in a sort of semi illicit love affair, and are portrayed sympathetically.

The other thing that struck me, which has before, is that Cpt. Derry is shown to have nothing beyond a (presumed) high school education. That would be correct for his wartime role, but it would not have occurred very often any time post war, after which college educations became the norm for officers.

Last edition:

Thursday, May 24, 1945. Japanese paratroopers on Okinawa.

Labels: 1940s, 1945, Army, Atlanta Georgia, Australian Army, Bernard Law Montgomery, Charles de Gaulle, German Luftwaffe, Imperial Japanese Army, New Guinea, Okinawa, Tokyo Japan, U.S. Air Force, World War Two

Wednesday, March 11, 1942. They Were Expendable

 

Lieutenant, later Admiral, John Bulkeley, who commanded the PT boat unit that evacuated the MacArthurs.  He'd receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for service during the war and served in the Atlantic and Pacific.

Today in World War II History—March 11, 1942: 80 Years Ago—Mar. 11, 1942: In the Philippines, Gen. Douglas MacArthur evacuates Corregidor by PT boat with his family and staff for Mindanao. Col. Karl Bendetsen is appointed director of US Wartime Civil Control Administration to supervise removal of Japanese-Americans from the West Coast. Britain bans sale of white bread, replaced by National Wheatmeal Loaf made of whole wheat and potato flour.

From Sarah Sundin's blog.

This is indeed a day in which a famous event in World War Two occurred, that being the evacuation of Douglas MacArthur and his family from Corregidor.  It was done under orders from President Franklin Roosevelt.  While MacArthur was obeying a direct order, the event remained famously controversial among some.

Admiral Francis Rockwell and his family was also included, which for some reason is hardly ever noted.

The event was recorded in the well known book They Were Expendable, which was turned into a movie, both of which were produced during the war, the book in 1942 and the movie in 1945. The movie was released, however, just after the war, in December 1945.  It was directed by John Ford and featured John Wayne.

Brazilian President Getulio Vargas issued a decree that stated his powers to declare war or a state of emergency, which lead to the confiscation of the property of Axis countries in Brazil.