The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez was signed ending the first stage of the Mexican Revolution.
The treaty provided that Porfirio Díaz and vice president Ramón Corral were to resign by the end of May, and that he was to be replaced by Francisco León de la Barra as interim president who would hold hold presidential elections.
Díaz's advisors had convinced him to end the resistance to the revolution which they saw as futile, and also because they feared it would become increasingly radical and damage their economic position. Large landowners particularly feared that widespread land redistribution would become inevitable if the war was not ended.
The overall terms of the treaty were remarkably mild, and provided for a general amnesty to all former revolutionaries and demobilization of revolutionary forces. The Mexican Army was to remain intact, which would prove to be a mistake. Madero and his supporters were granted the right to appoint fourteen provisional state governors and to approve the Interim President's cabinet selections. The Mexican civil service, including judges, state legislators, and local officials remained in place. Pensions for the families of Federal soldiers killed in the revolution were to be created.
This reflected Madero's nature, and was admirable, but would prove to be a mistake. Leaving the enemies of democracy, from defeated Confederates of the American Civil War, to Donald Trump the insurrectionist, unpunished, only leads to their desire to regain the ground they lost.
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