Showing posts with label Royal Navy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Royal Navy. Show all posts

Tuesday, February 25, 2025

Thursday, February 25, 1915. The Cottonwood Bluff War.

Lorenzo Creel, Colonel Michie, General Scott, Marshal Nebeker, Old Polk, Jeff Posey, Chief Posey, Tse-ne-gat, A.B. Apperson.

Paiutes and Utes exchanged gunfire with a  posse at Cottonwood Bluff, Utah.  The battle arose when a posse came to arrest Ute Tse-ne-gat who had been accused of murdering a Hispanic shepherd.  Paiutes made the accusation.

The arrest went immediately wrong and both Piautes and Utes resisted.  The war would be negotiated to a peaceful end by Gen. Hugh L. Scott.  Tse-ne-gat was tried in Denver, and found innocent of the charges. Tse-ne-gat died, age 39, of tuberculosis eleven years after the trial. Ute and Paiute chiefs, Polk and Posey, who participated in the war, went to the Ute Reservation in Colorado but found themselves unwelcome there, which is not surprising to those familiar with Ute history.  The returned to a subsistence lifestyle and combined it with cattle rustling.  A second armed outbreak would result in 1923.

The Royal Navy continued bombarding Ottoman seaforts in the Dardanelles.

The Ottomas removed ethnic Armenians from their armed forces.

Last edition:

Wednesday, February 24, 1915. Stuck.

Friday, February 14, 2025

Wednesday, February 14, 1945. A great President and a great king, meet.

President Roosevelt met with King Ibn Saud on the USS Quincy.

Memorandum of Conversation Between the King of Saudi Arabia (Abdul Aziz Al Saud) and President Roosevelt, February 14, 1945, Aboard the U.S.S. “Quincy” 

February 14, 1945

I

The President asked His Majesty for his advice regarding the problem of Jewish refugees driven from their homes in Europe.6 His Majesty replied that in his opinion the Jews should return to live in the lands from which they were driven. The Jews whose homes were completely destroyed and who have no chance of livelihood in their homelands should be given living space in the Axis countries which oppressed them. The President remarked that Poland might be considered a case in point. The Germans appear to have killed three million Polish Jews, by which count there should be space in Poland for the resettlement of many homeless Jews.

His “Majesty then expounded the case of the Arabs and their legitimate rights in their lands and stated that the Arabs and the Jews could never cooperate, neither in Palestine,7 nor in any other country. His Majesty called attention to the increasing threat to the existence of the Arabs and the crisis which has resulted from continued Jewish immigration and the purchase of land by the Jews. His Majesty further stated that the Arabs would choose to die rather than yield their lands to the Jews.

His Majesty stated that the hope of the Arabs is based upon the word of honor of the Allies and upon the well-known love of justice of the United States, and upon the expectation that the United States will support them.

The President replied that he wished to assure His Majesty that he would do nothing to assist the Jews against the Arabs and would make no move hostile to the Arab people. He reminded His Majesty [Page 3]that it is impossible to prevent speeches and resolutions in Congress or in the press which may be made on any subject. His reassurance concerned his own future policy as Chief Executive of the United States Government.

His Majesty thanked the President for his statement and mentioned the proposal to send an Arab mission to America and England to expound the case of the Arabs and Palestine. The President stated that he thought this was a very good idea because he thought many people in America and England are misinformed. His Majesty said that such a mission to inform the people was useful, but more important to him was what the President had just told him concerning his own policy toward the Arab people.

II

His Majesty stated that the problem of Syria and the Lebanon8 was of deep concern to him and he asked the President what would be the attitude of the United States Government in the event that France should continue to press intolerable demands upon Syria and the Lebanon. The President replied that the French Government had given him in writing their guarantee of the independence of Syria and the Lebanon and that he could at any time write to the French Government to insist that they honor their word. In the event that the French should thwart the independence of Syria and the Lebanon, the United States Government would give to Syria and the Lebanon all possible support short of the use of force.

III

The President spoke of his great interest in farming, stating that he himself was a farmer. He emphasized the need for developing water resources, to increase the land under cultivation as well as to turn the wheels which do the country’s work. He expressed special interest in irrigation, tree planting and water power which he hoped would be developed after the war in many countries, including the Arab lands. Stating that he liked Arabs, he reminded His Majesty that to increase land under cultivation would decrease the desert and provide living for a larger population of Arabs. His Majesty thanked the President for promoting agriculture so vigorously, but said that he himself could not engage with any enthusiasm in the development of his country’s agriculture and public works if this prosperity would be inherited by the Jews.

The raid on Dresden concluded with a nighttime raid by the RAF.

The USAAF bombed Prague.  The raid killed 701 people, destroyed houses and historical sites, in a country that was a victim of Nazi oppression. This was attributed to a navigational error.

The Red Army liberated the Gross-Rosen concentration camp.

The U-989 was sunk by the Royal Navy.

Last edition:

Tuesday, February 13, 1945. Dresden.

    Tuesday, January 21, 2025

    Sunday, January 21, 1945. Removing Hindenburg.

    The Red Army captured Gumbinnen, crossed the Warthen and approached Poznań.  They also took Tannenberg, the site of a major German victory in World War One, where the Germans had begun demolishing key structures of the Tannenberg Memorial and where they also disinterred the remains of Paul von Hindenburg and his wife ahead of the Red Army's advance.

    The U.S. Army took Titiz in the Ardennes.

    "Reinforcements for front line duty move through Apach, France. 21 January, 1945. 94th Infantry Division."

    The U-1199 was sunk by the Royal Navy off of Sicily.

    The British landed on the northern tip of Ramree, Burma.

    The US took Tarlac on Luzon.

    The USS Ticonderoga was hit by two kamikazes.

    Last edition:

    Saturday, January 20, 1945. FDR Reinaugurated.

    Wednesday, January 15, 2025

    Monday, January 15, 1945. Hitler visits the Western Front for the last time and goes home to the bunker, Himmler orders the SS to cover its tracks.

    Adolph Hitler met with Rundstedt and Walter Model at the Adlerhorst and ordered them to hold the Western Allies back as long as possible.

    "Sgt. Clarence Pfeifer, Jordan, Montana, (with machine gun) and Pfc. Sherman Maness, Searcy, Ark., (driver) bring in two German prisoners captured near Longchamps, Belgium. 15 January, 1945. HQ Company, 63rd Armored Infantry Battalion, 11th Armored Division. Photographer: T/5 S. Slevin, 167th Signal Photo Co."

    It was his last visit to the Western Front.  Most of the rest of the war he would spend in his bunker in Berlin.

    "2nd Lt. Charles Pettit, of Bardstown, Kentucky, left, and Lt. Col. Benjamin J. Butler of Milton, Kentucky, read a copy of the Trimble County Democrat. 15 January, 1945. 168th Infantry Regiment, 34th Infantry Division."  The Colonel is is wearing a M1943 Field Jacket with a combat infantryman's bad and his overseas stripes (18 months) affixed, which is unusual.  Note also the sheepskin hat.

    Heinrich Himmler, who by this point had a more realistic view of how the war was going to turn out, ordered the evacuation of Auschwitz and its sub-camps to the West.  All evidence of the existence of the camps was ordered to be destroyed, which would prove to be impossible.

    Arthur Otto Beyer performed the actions that lead to his being awarded the Medal of Honor.

    He displayed conspicuous gallantry in action. His platoon, in which he was a tank-destroyer gunner, was held up by antitank, machinegun, and rifle fire from enemy troops dug in along a ridge about 200 yards to the front. Noting a machinegun position in this defense line, he fired upon it with his 76-mm. gun killing 1 man and silencing the weapon. He dismounted from his vehicle and, under direct enemy observation, crossed open ground to capture the 2 remaining members of the crew. Another machinegun, about 250 yards to the left, continued to fire on him. Through withering fire, he advanced on the position. Throwing a grenade into the emplacement, he killed 1 crewmember and again captured the 2 survivors. He was subjected to concentrated small-arms fire but, with great bravery, he worked his way a quarter mile along the ridge, attacking hostile soldiers in their foxholes with his carbine and grenades. When he had completed his self-imposed mission against powerful German forces, he had destroyed 2 machinegun positions, killed 8 of the enemy and captured 18 prisoners, including 2 bazooka teams. Cpl. Beyer's intrepid action and unflinching determination to close with and destroy the enemy eliminated the German defense line and enabled his task force to gain its objective.

    Beyer's parents were immigrants from Luxembourg.  After the war, he moved to rural Buffalo, North Dakota, and worked as a farm hand, eventually acquiring a farm.  He married Marian Hicks in 1962, and passed away in 1965 at age 55.

    The 1st Ukrainian Front took Kielce, Poland.  the 2nd Belorussian Front crossed the Pilica and attacked toward Radom, Łódź and Posen.  The Germans commit their reserves.

    The HMS Thane, an escort carrier was sunk by the U-484 off of the Firth of Clyde.

    And, what the heck?


    Advertisement from this day in 1945.

    Last edition:

    Sunday, January 14, 1945. Retreat in the Ardennes.

      Saturday, January 11, 2025

      Thursday, January 11, 1945. Reinforcements at Lingayen

      "Graves registration officer identifies dead Yanks among Germans killed in Ardennes salient during 1st and 3rd Army squeeze against Von Rundstedt's lines. 11 January, 1945. Photographer: Pvt. Arthur H. Hertz, 166th Signal Photo Co."

      The 3d Army and 30 Corps joined near St. Hubert.

      "Pvt. Thomas Amenta, 1391 S. Concord St., Los Angeles., Calif., of the 3rd Armored Div., hikes back to the rear area after his tank was knocked out by a road mine in the fighting beyond Langlir, Belgium during the First Army drive into Ardennes salient. 11 January, 1945."
      "M-4 tractors tow captured 88mm Nazi guns into place to be fired against Germans pocketed in the "bulge" between the 1st and 3rd U.S. Armies. Luxembourg. 11 January, 1945.
      90th Infantry Division."



      Archer T. Gammon preformed the actions that resulted in his being awarded a posthumous Medal of Honor.


      He charged 30 yards through hip-deep snow to knock out a machinegun and its 3-man crew with grenades, saving his platoon from being decimated and allowing it to continue its advance from an open field into some nearby woods. The platoon's advance through the woods had only begun when a machinegun supported by riflemen opened fire and a Tiger Royal tank sent 88mm. shells screaming at the unit from the left flank. S/Sgt. Gammon, disregarding all thoughts of personal safety, rushed forward, then cut to the left, crossing the width of the platoon's skirmish line in an attempt to get within grenade range of the tank and its protecting foot troops. Intense fire was concentrated on him by riflemen and the machinegun emplaced near the tank. He charged the automatic weapon, wiped out its crew of 4 with grenades, and, with supreme daring, advanced to within 25 yards of the armored vehicle, killing 2 hostile infantrymen with rifle fire as he moved forward. The tank had started to withdraw, backing a short distance, then firing, backing some more, and then stopping to blast out another round, when the man whose single-handed relentless attack had put the ponderous machine on the defensive was struck and instantly killed by a direct hit from the Tiger Royal's heavy gun. By his intrepidity and extreme devotion to the task of driving the enemy back no matter what the odds, S/Sgt. Gammon cleared the woods of German forces, for the tank continued to withdraw, leaving open the path for the gallant squad leader's platoon.

      The 25th Infantry Division, reinforced by an armored group, landed at Lingayen to reinforce the beachhead.  Heavy kamikaze attacks occurred and many smaller ships were damaged.

      Aircraft from the US 3d Fleet sank 25 ships and damaged 13 more from Japanese convoys off of Indochina.  On the same day a German coastal convoy lost at least 3 or 4 of the 8 ships in it in a British air attack off of southern Norway.

      The HMS Thane, an escort carrier, was sunk in the Irish Sea by the U-1172.

      The Dekemvriana came to an end.

      Last edition:

      Wednesday, January 10, 1945. Continuing to gain ground.

      Thursday, January 2, 2025

      Tuesday, January 2, 1945. Advances and withdrawals.

      German forces launched counterattacks northwest of Budapest, pushing the 31st Guards Rifle Corps back twenty miles.

      "Guarding against enemy infiltration east of Bastogne, machine gunners Pvt. John P. McFarlane, Portland, Ind., Loyd W. Lockwood, Oxnard, Calif., man a .30 caliber machine gun in a wooded area near the Bastogne Corridor. 35th Infantry Division."

      The 3d Army took Bonnerue, Hubertmont and Remagne.

      The 7th Army falls back in Alsace.

      Hitler turned down requests from Model and Manteuffel for withdrawals west of Houffalize.


      Naval Commander in Chief Allied Expeditionary Force Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay was killed in an airplane accident while traveling from Paris to Belgium.  He's organized the evacuation from Dunkirk and the naval operation for Operation Overlord.

      Ramsey had actually retired in 1938, but came back into the service prior to World War Two at the urgings of Churchill.

      A Sikorsky helicopter was used for convoy escort duties, by the U.S. Navy, for the first time.


      The US occupied Fais Island in the Carolines.

      Japanese Americans were free to return to the West Coast.

      Last edition:

      Monday, January 1, 1945. Operation Bodenplatte. Reprisal massacre.

      Sunday, December 29, 2024

      Friday, December 29, 1899. Erroneous assumption.

      The HMS Magicienne seized the German steamer Budesroth on the grounds that it was carrying German troops to supplement the Boer Armies.  It was escorted to Durban.

      She was allowed to go, as it turned out, she wasn't packing German troops.

      Last edition:

      Thursday, December 28, 1899. The crew of the USS Maine.

      Thursday, December 5, 2024

      Tuesday, December 5, 1944. The Royal Navy in the Greek Civil War.

      The Royal Navy shelled Greek communist positions near Piraeus.

      The Red Army took Szigetvár and Vukovar, Hungary.

      Canadians took Ravenna, Italy.

      The Liberty ship Antoine Saugrain was sunk by Japanese aircraft in Leyte Gulf.  And on the ground:

      Today in World War II History—December 5, 1939 & 1944: US launches final offensive on Leyte in the Philippines, driving into the Ormoc Valley. Victory ship SS Red Oak Victory is commissioned into the US Navy

      "Men of the 121st Regt., 8th Inf. Div., U.S. First Army, after 15 days at the front, move back along the road from Hurtgen, Germany. 5 December, 1944. 121st Infantry Regiment, 8th Infantry Division. Photographer: T/3 Jack G. [illegible], 165th Signal Photo Co."

        " An American infantryman keeps firing while two of his comrades insert fresh ammunition in their rifles, as steady fire from this sheltered infantry covers advance near Rosteig, France. December 5, 1944. K Company, 398th Infantry Regiment, 100th Infantry Division. Rosteig Area, France. December 5, 1944."  Note that the men are wearing L. L. Bean Maine Hunting Shoe boots.

        Last edition:

        Monday, December 4, 1944. The Dutch Famine.

        Saturday, November 23, 2024

        Thursday, November 23, 1944. Thanksgiving Day.

        "Three American infantrymen eat K Rations on Thanksgiving day in a dugout somewhere in France.
        They will be relieved later and will have Thanksgiving dinner in the evening with their unit. The soldiers are left to right: Sgt. Albert E. Burns, 1308 E. Gilbert Street, Muncie, Ind., Pfc. John K. Smith, Munderstar Route, Brookville PA., and Pvt. Robert H. Seymour, Newark, N.Y. Near Faulquemont, France. 23 November, 1944.80th Infantry Division."

        French forces liberated Strasbourg.


        US troops liberated the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in France.  20,000 people had died there while it was open.

        The Canadian cabinet made 16,000 Canadian conscripts, previously not liable for overseas deployment, available for the same.

        Soviet troops took Cop, Czechoslovakia and Tokay, Hungary.

        The Royal Navy disbanded the British Eastern Fleet.  Escort carriers and older ships were formed into the British East Indies Fleet with modern ships detached for service in the British Pacific Fleet.

        "A newly captured crossroad carries east and west bound traffic as Lt. Gen. George S. Patton's Third Army smashes towards the Rhine. 23 November, 1944. Photographer: Sawyer."

        Last edition:

        Tuesday, November 21, 1944. Vive La France.

        Wednesday, September 18, 2024

        Monday, September 18, 1944. Eindoven taken.

        Distraught German medic at scene of German surrender, Orléans, September 18, 1944.

        The 101st Airborne Division liberated Eindoven.

        Lieutenant Colonel Robert George Cole, who would receive the Medal of Honor for his actions during Operation Overlord, was killed by a German sniper during Market Garden.  He was 29 years old.

        Another American combatant would be killed in an action that resulted in his posthumously receiving the Medal of Honor.

        The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pride in presenting the Medal of Honor (Posthumously) to Private First Class Charles Howard Roan (MCSN: 504236), United States Marine Corps Reserve, for the conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving with the Second Battalion, Seventh Marines, First Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces on Peleliu, Palau Islands, 18 September 1944. Shortly after his leader ordered a withdrawal upon discovering that the squad was partly cut off from their company as a result of the rapid advance along an exposed ridge during an aggressive attack on the strongly entrenched enemy, Private First Class Roan and his companions were suddenly engaged in a furious exchange of hand grenades by Japanese forces emplaced in a cave on higher ground and to the rear of the squad. Seeking protection with four other Marines in a depression in the rocky, broken terrain, Private First Class Roan was wounded by an enemy grenade which fell close to their position and, immediately realizing the eminent peril to his comrades when another grenade landed in the midst of the group, unhesitatingly flung himself upon it, covering it with his body and absorbing the full impact of the explosion. By his prompt action and selfless conduct in the face of almost certain death, he saved the lives of four men. His great personal valor reflects the highest credit upon himself and the U. S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his comrades.

        The Battle of Arracourt commenced in France.

        The US dropped supplies from B-17s to resistance fighters in Warsaw, the only such mission permitted by the Soviets.  The aircraft flew on to Soviet held territory.

        It's often been speculated, not without reason, that Stalin allowed the uprising to bleed itself out as it was resulting in the deaths of a present combatant, the Germans, and a feared future one, the Poles.

        The Jun'yō Maru was sunk off Sumatra by the British submarine Tradewind resulting in the deaths of 5,620 people, most of whom were Allied POWs or Japanese slave labor.  The event is one of the worst naval disasters of all time, taking into account the lives lost were largely innocent.

        Last edition:

        Sunday, September 17, 1944. Operation Market Garden commences.

        Saturday, August 24, 2024

        Thursday, August 24, 1944. Paris Reached.

        US tank crossing the Seine, August 24, 1944.

        The French 4th Armored Division entered Paris in the evening.

        Germany closed theaters, cancelled holidays and cancelled military leave.

        The First Canadian Army captured Bernay and crossed the Risle River at Nassandres.

        The 51st SS-Brigade murdered 68 civilians of all ages in Buchères, France.

        The 7th Army took Cannes.

        The German Army Group South Ukraine line collapses with the switch in sides of Romania.

        The USS Harder was sunk in Dasol Bay by the Japanese.

        The U-354 and U-445 were sunk by the Royal Navy.

        The Royal Navy unsuccessfully tried again for the Tirpitz.

        IBM's Harvard Mark I electro-mechanical computer was formally presented to Harvard University.

        Last edition:

        Wednesday, August 23, 1944. The Act of 23 August.