Showing posts with label Hitler Youth. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hitler Youth. Show all posts

Sunday, April 20, 2025

Friday, April 20, 1945. Shelling Berlin. Departing Berlin. The Morotai Mutiny.

At 11:00 the Red Army started shelling Berlin.

It was Hitler's 56th birthday.  He left his bunker to to decorate a group of Hitler Youth combatants.  He refused an effort to evacuate to Obersalzberg.  Goering and Himmler left the bunker for good. 

SS officer Herbert Lange, age 35, commandant of Chełmno extermination camp was killed in action in the city.

The 7th Army captured Nuremberg.  Karl Holz, age 49, German Nazi Gauleiter was found dead in a barricaded police bunker. Willy Liebel, age 47, lord mayor of Nuremberg was also found there, a suicide.

Italian paratroopers boarding C-47 for Operation Herring.  It must have been comforting to board an aircraft that has a giant flak scar near the door they're entering.

U.S.aircraft dropped Italian paratroopers over northern Italy in Operation Herring.

While the Italian Army is often dissed in World War Two, it's airborne troops were good.

Mussolini gave his final interview noting that the end had been reached for him.

Members of the  Australian First Tactical Air Force based on the island of Morotai in the Dutch East Indies tendered their resignations to protest their belief that they were being assigned to missions of no military importance.  A later investigation confirmed their views.

The war had never been as widely supported in Australia as it was in the US, something the Australians shared with Canadians.  And they had a real point here I've often wondered about.  Islands in the South Pacific and targets in the Indian Ocean that had been significant early on really were not by this time, even though fighting continued on them.  The wisdom of continuing the ongoing operations actively can be questioned.

The US 3rd Amphibious Corps completed the capture of the Motobu Peninsula and the whole of the main northern part of Okinawa.

Last edition:

Thursday, April 19, 1945. Broadcasting from Belsen.

Saturday, April 12, 2025

Thursday, April 12, 1945. The death of Franklin Roosevelt

Franklin Roosevelt on April 11, 1945.

Franklin Roosevelt died on this day in 1945.

His death was a surprise to nobody close to him but came as a shock to the nation.  He'd been fading steadily for months.  His final moments came while sitting for a portrait in Warm Springs, Georgia.  His last words were "I have a terrific headache", reflecting that he died of a massive intracerebral hemorrhage.

He was 63 years of age.

Harry S. Truman was inaugurated President.  Immediately thereafter, Secretary of War Harry Stimson and James F. Byrnes informed him of the nature of the Manhattan Project.  He'd been kept in the dark about it previously, in spite of trying to learn of its nature while in Congress.  At noon he met reporters and said “last night the whole weight of the moon and stars fell on me. If you fellows ever pray, please pray for me.”

Much about Truman's approach to things would be different than Roosevelt's, and FRD's death and Truman's inauguration cannot be regarded as a seamless transition.  Roosevelt was politely hostile to European colonialism and did not desire to see European powers return to their former colonial domains where they had been pushed out of them. Truman was rapidly approached by France and the UK and became sympathetic to their positions.  Roosevelt was naive in some ways to the dangers of Communism and while Truman was not really enlightened to them at first, he'd become so after the war, while also being saddled with an administration that had seen significant left wing penetration.  Truman was, also, blunt.

Roosevelt is arguably the last great President of the United States.  The country has certainly had some good ones since then, but none who were great.

Hitler was ecstatic about Roosevelt's death, maintaining it was a sign that German fortunes in the war were turning.

The US 3rd Army took Erfurt. The French took Baden Baden.

The USS Lindsey, Mannert L. Abele and Zellars were severely damaged off of Okinawa by kamikazes.

The Srmian Front was broken by the Red Army.

The Battle of Authion ended in Allied victory.

The Battle of Buchhof and Stein am Kocher ended after one week.

The Royal Navy sank the U-486 and U-1024.

The Berlin Philharmonic gave one of its last Third Reich performances at the Philharmonic Hall in Berlin, with various members of the military and political elite in attendance.  Robert Heger conducted Brünnhilde's last aria (the Immolation Scene) and the finale from Richard Wagner's Götterdammerung, Beethoven's Violin Concerto, and Anton Bruckner's Romantic Symphony.  Members of the Hitler Youth offered cyanide capsules to the audience as they left the building, many of those in attendance being military and political elites.

Tuesday, April 1, 2025

Sunday, April 1, 1945. Operation Iceberg.


US troops, ultimately to include members of the Marine Corps and the U.S. Army, landed on Okinawa in Operation Iceberg.  The initial landing of 50,000 men saw little resistance.

The Red Army took Sopron, Hungaria.

The Battle of Kassel began between the U.S. Army's 80th Division and German defenders.

British commandos began Operation Roast in an effort to push the Germans across the Po and out of Italy.


Hitler moved his headquarters to the Führerbunker..

The hospital ship Awa Maru was sunk in a case of mistaken identity by the USS Queenfish leading to the loss of 2003 of its 2004 passengers and crew.

And this wild communications item was introduced.

Visie-Talkie, 1945

Last edition:

Saturday, March 31, 1945. Liberated.

Thursday, March 20, 2025

Tuesday, March 20, 1945. Hitler's last appearance in public.

Hitler visited Hitler Youth members mobilized for combat in Berlin.  The child whom he was famously photographed with, with Hitler pinching his cheek, would survive the Battle of Berlin and keep a framed copy of the scene in his house for the rest of his life.

This was Hitler's last public appearance.

The U.S. Seventh Army captured Saarbrücken.

German defensive specialist Gotthard Heinrici replaced Heinrich Himmler as commander of Army Group Vistula.

The Germans began to massacre forced workers in the Arnsberg Forest Massacre.

The Australian Army carried out Operation Platypus, in which troops from Z Special Unit were inserted into the Balikpapan area of Borneo to gather information and organize resistance against the Japanese.

France signed an economic pact with Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

The Navy endured heavy kamikaze attacks off of Okinawa.

The USS Midway was launched.

This Day in History: Staff Sgt Ysmael Villegas charges six enemy foxholes

Last edition:

Monday, March 19, 1945. The Nero Decree.

Saturday, June 24, 2023

Wednesday, June 24, 1943. Heroic jump.



Col. W. Randolph Lovelace, M.D. bailed out of a B-17 at 40,200 feet in a medical experiment which would lead to flight crews being instructed to delay opening parachutes until they reached a lower altitude, so as to not pass out from the shock of the parachute's opening at high altitude.

Dr. Lovelace at age 52, showing how, really, this generation took on the appearance of aging much more rapidly than current ones do.

Dr. Lovelace and his wife died in a December 1965 private plan crash near Aspen, Colorado.  The pilot, 27 year old Milton Brown, also died of injuries at the site, but not before he placed their bodies next to each other and covered them with a coat.

Head of the Hitler Youth, Baldur von Schirach engaged in an argument with Adloph Hitler over ending the war, which he urged.  The 36-year-old German Army veteran remained in his position, but Hitler would never speak to him again.

Schirach was born to a father who was a retired German cavalryman and a mother who was an American expatriate.  Indeed, three out of four of his grandparents were Americans, and he learned to speak English at home prior to learning to speak German, which he did not until age 6.

He was head of the Hitler Youth early on, but did serve as an infantryman early in World War Two, winning the Iron Cross.  He then served as Gauleiter of Vienna and was associated with the deportation of the city's Jewish population. He'd be sentenced as a war criminal for that following the war, being released in 1966.  He died in 1974 at age 67.  His wife, who had been the daughter of Hitler's photographer, divorced him while he was in prison.

Schirach serves as a disturbing example of a German who did not come from Nazi oriented roots, but who was corrupted into it as a very young man.

Stage Door Canteen, with a huge ensemble cast, was released.


I've never seen it, but it seems to be well regarded, or perhaps fondly recalled.

Monday, August 10, 2020

Movies In History: Jojo Rabbit

When Jojo Rabbit won a bunch of awards last year I looked it up and frankly it didn't look like anything I wanted to see.  The Nazis aren't funny and neither was World War Two.  It just looked weird.

Well, last week I watched it, and its great.

It's also nearly indescribable.

Set in the very last days of the Third Reich, the film takes a look at those times in a German town or small city through the eyes ten year old Johannes Betzler.  Betzler is an enthusiastic member of the Hitler Youth whose father is absent in a somewhat mysterious fashion (we know that he was a German soldier, but we don't know what became of him. . . he's missing in Italy but we don't know exactly what that means).  He lives with his mother in a nice apartment/house on an archetypical German street.  He has an imaginary friend, with that figure being Adolph Hitler through the eyes of a ten year old who really doesn't know the true Hitler.  Hitler is vivid to him.

Things soon begin to take an odd direction.  Betlzer acquires the name "Rabbit" when he can't kill a tame rabbit at a Hitler Youth training session ran by sadistic fantastic teenage boys.  Soon thereafter his Hitler Youth organization is taken over by an unhinged alcoholic German army Captain played perfectly by Sam Rockwell who has been assigned that role as he's lost an eye in combat.  Captain Klenzendorf is assisted by a League of German Girls leader who has completely lost her moral compass, played perfectly by Rebel Wilson.  Jojo is wounded in training in an accident with a hand grenade, but his mother, played by Scarlett Johansson, puts him back into the organizations service seemingly to give him something to do, or perhaps to divert his attention from her own activities.   In the meantime his best friend, Yorki, goes from being a member of the Hitler Youth to being a boy soldier.

And, on top of it all, it turns out that his mother has been hiding fifteen year old Elsa, a Jewish girl who was the friend of Jojo's sister, who has died, in the walls of his sister's old room.

None of this sounds like it would be funny, but it is strangely funny and tragic at the same time.  Jojo discovers Elsa and doesn't know what to do.  Largely on his own for large hours of the day, and around adults who are either opposed to the Nazis, such as his mother, or completely unhinged, such as his youth organization leaders (Captain Klenzendorf is not only drunk most of the time, and clearly mentally unbalanced, he's extraordinarily cynical), he struggles with what to do with his discovery, which he learns could result in his mother's execution.  Moreover, in interacting with Elsa, he falls in love with her.

To go beyond this would be to reveal plot details, so I won't, but the entire thing is masterfully done.  In retrospect its really easy to forget that the average German didn't really realize that the war would e completely lost until January, 1945 and for young people it must have been extraordinarily confusing.  For somebody in hiding, such as Elsa, the lack of knowledge must have been often complete.  For junior  military officers who had seen combat, the last days must have been surreal.

Some things done with the film would seem to be unlikely to work, but in fact work really well.  The opening soundtrack recalls that of Valkyrie, but with the German language cut of I Want To Hold Your Hand by the Beatles, for instance, which actually really works well.  Lots of humor in the film is incredibly dark, but genuinely extremely funny.

Usually in these films we depart from conventional film reviews and look at the material and historical detail.  We would have expected to cut this film a lot of slack in that regard but it turns out, we don't have to.  Material details pertaining to the Germany army, SS, Volksturm, American Army and Red Army are incredibly accurate.  Probably the only departure in this context is the all black business suits and overcoats of the Gestapo, but at this point in time that's such a stock portrayal that a departure from that would have been unwise.  The Hitler Youth has been depicted before in various films but details such as the significance of Hitler Youth knife have not.  They are here.  The League of German Girls has almost never been depicted in film, but it's very weird associations with procreation have not been. They are here.

This film is really good and, even for a fan of serious historical movies, it's a must.  It depicts something unique that is worth watching.

Wednesday, August 26, 2009

Thursday, August 26, 1909. A hostel idea.

The youth hostel movement was born when a group of hikers lead by Richard Schirrmann found shelter in a school in a thunderstorm.

Schirrmann was a teacher as well as an outdoorsman.  During World War One he served in the German Army, participating the 1915 Christmas truce, something that lingered in his area for quite some time after Christmas.  He founded the Youth Hostel Association in 1919 and founded the children's village "Staumühle" on a former military training ground near Paderborn, where my German ancestors hail from.  HE served as the President of the International Youth Hostelling Associating until the Nazis forced him to resign and put the control of the hostels under the Hitler Youth in 1936.  He rebuilt the association after the war.  He married late, in 1942, but had six children with his wife before dying in 1961 at age 87.

The SS Cartago telegraphed a report of a hurricane near the Yucatan, the first radio warning of a tropical storm.

Last edition:

Monday, August 23, 1909. Bill Bergen sets a record.

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