Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, and Henry McMahon, British High Commissioner in Egypt, began correspondence on steps to achieve Arab independence from the Ottoman Empire.
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Ostensibly exploring the practice of law before the internet. Heck, before good highways for that matter.
Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, and Henry McMahon, British High Commissioner in Egypt, began correspondence on steps to achieve Arab independence from the Ottoman Empire.
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Ali of Hejaz was proclaimed the King of Hejaz. His predecessor King Hussein bin Ali had fled from Mecca to Jeddah to avoid the conquest of Nejd by the Sultanate of Nejd, led by Ibn Saud.
Atypically for an Arab monarch/chieftain, he was married just once. He had five children. He died in Baghdad in the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq in 1935.
Radio Marconi, the first public radio station in Italy, began broadcasting.
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Henry McMahon, British High Commissioner of Egypt sent a letter to Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca confirming support for Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire and creating an independent Arab state.
The Bulgarian First Army broke through the Serbian line at Pirot in southeastern Serbia.
Haitian rebels attacked a Marine Corps patrol lead by Smedley Butler resulting in an all night fights. Butler, Edward Albert Ostermann and William P. Upshur would win the Congressional Medal of Honor. Dan Daly would win a second Medal of Honor.
The heroic Butler was one of the greatest Marines of all time, retiring as a Major General, and went on to be an anti war politician close to the end of his life. He'd win two Congressional Medals of Honor in his career and sadly die of cancer in 1940 at age 58. The condition he died of, is one that I have had, slighter later in age, and detected earlier.
Italy declared war on Austro Hungaria. The Austrians opened the actual hostilities post declaration by bombarding the port of Ancona
Faisal bin Hussein received the Arab Secret Societies Damascus Protocol proposting an Arab state to come about by way of a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire which read:
The recognition by Great Britain of the independence of the Arab countries lying within the following frontiers:
North: The Line Mersin-Adana to parallel 37N and thence along the line Birejek-Urga-Mardin-Midiat-Jazirat (Ibn 'Unear)-Amadia to the Persian frontier;
East: The Persian frontier down to the Persian Gulf;
South: The Indian Ocean (with the exclusion of Aden, whose status was to be maintained).
West: The Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea back to Mersin.
The abolition of all exceptional privileges granted to foreigners under the capitulations.
The conclusion of a defensive alliance between Great Britain and the future independent Arab State.
The grant of economic preference to Great Britain.
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