Holy Saturday, April 11, 1925. East of the Sun, West of the Moon.

The James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition, sponsored by the Field Museum of Natural History and organized by Kermit Roosevelt and his brother Theodore Roosevelt Jr., departed from New York City for Central Asia.  The expedition would return with over 2,000 specimens of small mammals, birds and reptiles, and 70 large mammals, including the Ovis Poli, the great wild sheep and result in the great book East of the Sun, West of the Moon by Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

Last edition:

Saturday, April 4, 1925. Recalling Lexington and Concord.

Labels: 1770s, 1775, 1920s, 1925, Adolf Hitler, American Revolution, Art, Easter, German SS, Mail, Post Office, The Battle of Lexington and Concord, Weimar Germany

Going Feral: The good guys win one. Iron Bar Holdings v. Cape,...

Going Feral: The good guys win one. Iron Bar Holdings v. Cape,...:  

The good guys win one. Iron Bar Holdings v. Cape, Smith, Yeomans, and Slowensky.

 

Women and combat

Algeria’s Imane Khelif and Taiwan’s Lin Yu Ting, have competed for years, including at the Tokyo Olympics and several world championships. But after Italy’s Angela Carini quit less than a minute into her Thursday fight against Khelif, both Khelif and Lin became the subject of heated rhetoric focusing on their debated disqualifications from last year’s world championships, which the agency running the competition called a failure to meet eligibility rules.

Washington Post, August 2, 2024.

This particular draft post is really old.  Years old in fact.  I've nearly brought it up several times, and then set it aside, in part because it didn't read right.

Now Pete Hegseth is the Secretary of Defense, and I'm in the awkward position of posting something on a topic he brought up, which would seem to at least semi align with a view of his, even though I"m not keen on the man (or anything Trumpish).

That's led me to question if I should just dump this post.  I've decided not to.  In at least one way, as I think I can see what's coming, I want to be a bit ahead of it.  That's why it's coming up today.  This week is going to see, apparently, a Stalinesque like gutting of the US military.  The question is why.  It's either, as the heavily tatted up Hegseth, whose dresses like a high school wrestling coach who refuses to dress professionally and whose sports coat doesn't fit, thinks this will make the military a lean, mean, fighting machine, or it's because King Donny the Demented can't stand anyone being around him who doesn't display dog like loyalty, or it's, worst of all, part of a Trump Coup which will see him exhibit absolute dominance over the country and a declaration of a third term in office.

So, my opinion.

I don't think women should be combat soldiers.

Now, what about Imane Khelif and Lin Yu Ting?

Both women, and that is what they are, didn't pass the noted genetic testing, and then did, that are administered by international athletic bodies as the tests revealed that they both probably have a genetic abnormality called differences of sexual development (DSD), sometimes called Disorders of Sex Development or Variations in Sex Characteristics (VSC) or Diverse Sex Development, or intersex.  People with this rare condition have female sex organs but produce more testosterone than females generally do.  The condition only becomes apparent, if at all, in puberty, when secondary sex characteristics, such as facial hair, breast tissue or distinct body shapes start to develop.

While Imane Kehlif hasn't acknowledged it, and I don't know if Lin Yu Ting has, looking at them makes it pretty apparent.  It's now become a big deal as amongst the secondary characteristics they have is heighted strength, which is typical for men.  It's caused a big controversy as they have an advantage over other women and some female boxers have pulled out of the competition rather than fight her, citing such concerns.

Note, whatever else a person things of this, Khelif and Lin Yu Ting are not complicit in any advantage they have, and really can't be faulted for taking advantage of it.  They were, truly, born that way.

What's interesting, however, as how so many clearly acknowledge the truth that these individuals have an advantage over conventional females, as men have a physical advantage over women, and it's okay to acknowledge this, as its obvious in sports.  And not just in boxing.

Duckworth Chant Ft Slocum 1945 VDisc SSgt Woodard WACs

It's obvious in war, too.

Eons ago, when I first started this post I had just posted this item:

Lex Anteinternet: Mid Week At Work: Realities of the marketplace. ...: I had one item here I was going to cautiously blog about, and then a second came up by surprise.  I'll start with the second and take it...

I did touched on a couple of items there which might normally be regarded as somewhat controversial, noting as I did that they were in the fools rush in category.  The topics specifically were employment discrimination by the Federal Government against veterans if they were reservists and that men's relationship to careers is inevitably different in terms of options towards men, or at least married men, as opposed to women.

One of the items I had in that thread was this:

Men have fewer options on employment than women, in existential terms.  Sure, by nature men can be roughnecks and by biology and temperament they're suited to be soldiers, which women are not, in my view

That's right, it is my view that women are not suited to be soldiers, at least combat soldiers.

But that's not where we have been headed as a society.

I'm frankly not sure where we are now.

Major Wars of Comparative Combatants, the Savage Wars of Peace, and the Small Wars of post Cold War Pax Americana.  They're not the same.

The reason we've been headed in the direction we have been, society wise, is a simple one.  We have not really expected to fight a real war and we have tended view all institutions as liberalized social opportunity institutions, not anything else.  Now we seem to be viewing them as a way to oppress what's been liberalized, which ironically enough still treats them as social institutions.  We have whole agencies that had "DEI" requirements, which have now been flipped into being almost "anti DEI".  It's bizarre.

Anyhow, while we look back with fawning admiration on the armed forces of World War Two, we do not anything of that type today.  Rather, what we have today is more akin to a large urban police force/fire department we have not really expected to fight anyone with.  And we've been pretty much correct on that since April 30, 1975, although we kept a large-scale fighting force until the end of the Cold War.

Put yet another way, we haven't had a kill people and break things force dedicated principally to killing people and breaking things for quite some time.  Perhaps, it its traditional form, the end of the Vietnam War.  That is beginning to change, however, and has significantly since I first started this thread around 2018.  The Russo Ukrainian War has changed that, but that has not reflected itself in difficult policy changes, yet.  The realities of that war, which no doubt are coming home to the military, haven't to society at large to the degree that it raises existential questions.

Ironically, that's not true in something that tends to be a substituting for combat. . . sports.  It's fully hit home there.

Now, okay, I know that I'm going to be immediately corrected on that, as it isn't really true. Since that date, the date upon which Saigon fell, we've fought two wars in Iraq, or three if you consider the insurgency a separate war (which I would regard it as), our longest running war save for the Indian Wars in Afghanistan by some measures, and a host of smaller wars, conflicts and engagements.  But if we approach this honestly, which most will not, we'd have to admit that all of the wars since April 1975 have been comparatively small in comparison.

Now, as Bill Mauldin noted in Up Front, the foxhole you are in is the most important one in the world, to you, so I do not diminish the nature of the later combat, but the numbers themselves say all that is probably needed to be said.  At the height of the Vietnam War there were 500,000 men serving in the country, which doesn't count those stationed in neighboring Thailand, on ships in the South China Sea, and in Air National Guard units that flew in and out of the country.  I don't know how many men that added to the total, but it'd likely add up to a total of 600,000, or maybe 700,000, a huge commitment.

In terms of numbers, moreover, 58,209 servicemen were killed.

If we look back from the Vietnam War, just in total of deaths, 36,516 servicemen were killed in the much shorter Korean War, 116,516 in World War One, and 405,399 in World War Two.

In comparison, there were 294 deaths in the Gulf War, 4,497 deaths in the Iraq War, and there's been 2,216 deaths in Afghanistan.

Again, taking it for scale, that means that fewer men, albeit just slightly fewer, servicemen have been killed in Afghanistan than have were killed at the Battle of Pearl Harbor, and it was a battle.  2,403 servicemen were killed at Pearl Harbor.

If its not clear what I'm saying, I'll make it blunter.  The combat conditions of Vietnam, Korea, World War One and World War Two were worse. . . much worse, than anything we've been in since.  By leagues.  That doesn't mean that subsequent wars were walks in the park, but not all wars are the same.  And part of the way they're not the same is this.

When looking at wars, you have to accord that servicemen who served in the Civil War, World War One, World War Two, Korea and Vietnam, served in much worse combat conditions than servicemen who served in the Indian Wars, the Banana Wars, or the post Cold War wars.  It's a simple fact.  

You can take anyone post Cold War battle, to be sure, and say "wasn't that horrific", and it may have been, but it'd be horrific in the fashion that the Battle of the Little Big Horn was horrific.  A concentrated horror.  It wouldn't be horrific in the way that Iwo Jim was horrific, a streaming horror.  If you were a Marine at Iwo Jima, you probably fought on some prior crap hole island before that and you were going on, if you weren't killed, to Okinawa.  

And if it isn't clear what that means, 7,000 US servicemen died at Iwo Jima.  12,450 US servicemen died at Okinawa.

There's no comparison whatsoever.

To expand that out just a bit, a friend of my father's landed in North Africa in Operation Torch (520 US dead, quite light in context),  went on to fight in Sicily (2,811 dead), went on to Italy (no estimate here as it'd be out of context), landed on D-Day (2,501 dead), and fought all the way across France and into Germany before being shot in the homeland of his enemy, but managing thereby to not become one of the 104,812 US servicemen killed in Europe.

And that from a country with half the population of the US today.

We've seen nothing like that since, but we've also seen nothing like Korea or Vietnam since 1975.

But we might be heading towards something like that, maybe.

Not caring if you live or die.

The reason there's been nothing like that has a lot to do with everything we've just mentioned.  The Western Allies during World War Two were causality adverse to start with, which is fine. That's why American casualties aren't comparable to Soviet casualties, or German casualties. The Soviets didn't really care if their men lived or died, they only cared that the Soviet Union live.  The Nazis didn't care if their men lived or died, they only cared about their image of Germany and if it survived and didn't value life at all.  Indeed, the Nazi had a worship of death itself.  The fascist Italians probably didn't care if their men lived or died, but the Italians themselves very much cared, making the Italians by far the most patriotic and smartest fascist population in the war, as they gave a "non" to Mussolini's call on their lives and souls.

And the thing is, much combat in history has been like that.

We don't like that, as a population, and truth be known most people everywhere are pretty horrified by war even if fascinated by it, or rather even if men, and its mostly men, are fascinated by it.  For that reason, as a technological people, we've worked, since World War One (but not before that) to outpace our enemies technologically, making the reasonable assumption that it was better to spend a lot of cash than a lot of lives.  We did that during World War Two which ultimately meant that we had better weapons, no matter what Wehraboos may think, than the Axis powers, with the ultimate best weapon being, no matter what you think of it, being the Atomic Bomb.

The Atom Bomb is indeed nearly the symbol of this approach to war, and the one that has identified us ever since.  Yes, its use was horrific, but . . . that kind of war is something a woman can do.

Well, not in 1945 and not for societal reasons either.  Flying a B-29, the bomber used to drop the Atomic Bombs over Japan, required a great deal of physical strength, particular to put the plant into and keep it in the hard banked turn the planes executed shortly after dropping the bomb.  But you get the point; remote technological killing is hardly like killing at all.

Killing Is A Male Thing

Killing people is almost exclusively a male thing.  And to be clearer yet, men killing other men, is mostly a male thing.  Men will kill women, but they're instinctively reluctant to for the most part.  They aren't so much with other men.

Now, I'm well aware that modern sociologist will maintain that it's hard to get people to kill each other, and that's why, some will claim, the service developed (which they didn't) video games. The goal was to desensitize soldiers to killing.

Bullshit.

In reality, the entire "people are reluctant to kill" and how that translates to soldiers is based, at least in part, the work of S. L. A. "Slam" Marshall and his fraudulent text Men Under Fire.  Marshall was a liar who bullied his subordinates into supporting a text that they knew the data didn't support.  More on that in a moment, but the point is that men kill pretty darned easily, and for that matter, men commit other acts of violence, including acts of violence against women, extremely readily.

While sociologist wring their hands a thesis that the facts don't support, and modern social engineers try to construct a world that violates reality, the fact of the matter is that men are programmed in their DNA towards violence. Women are not.  Men and women have a similar set of biological impulses here, but they work distinctly differently  Men are programed to spike to stress and react.  Women climb slowly into stress, ponder it, peak over prolonged time, and then decline in stress over a long time.  Indeed, prolonged stress, as its contrary to how male biology works, kills men.  When we hear "stress kills", it kills men mostly.

The reason for this has everything to do with our sexual dimorphism and how we were evolved.

What we aren't evolved to do is sit around in glass and steel buildings working in cubicles all day.  Nothing but spiders, perhaps, are evolved to do that.  Rather, we're built for a type of aboriginal existence of one sort of another. And in that existence, which predates our own species and reaches back to the couple of species that preceded us, there were distinct male and female roles that had nothing whatsoever to do with "the patriarchy" or even "culture", but everything to do with DNA.

In that world, men hunt and fish.  Women will do a little of both, but much less.  Men also defend the band, tribe, or whatever you may have, i.e., their extended families, against external threats, most of which arrive suddenly and quite a few of which present physical danger. The classic example, but not the only one, are other humans who are not part of your band.  But dangerous animals also presented a fairly constant threat.

In that environment, the threat arrived suddenly and men, the bigger, stronger, and less tied to children and hence long-term survivability of the band, reacted suddenly and violently when called for.  When another tribe arrived, it was instantly adjudged on the level of threat it presented, and if it presented one, or appeared to, close combat ensued.

And let's not be squeamish in any sense about it, or dishonest.  In primitive societies, combat could become without quarter, in regards to males.

Now, it normally didn't.  It's well known that in aboriginal societies an individual death is more imperiling than in a "civilized" one.  The death of just a couple of men could impair the bands ability to survive, although was we'll see there's an important caveat to that.  Generally, therefore, most combat involving aboriginal peoples is low casualty.  The goal is to inflict injury on your opponent and drive them away, not to get yourself killed.  As that's also the goal of the aboriginal contestant, most aboriginal combat involved sharp contact and withdrawal.  Indeed, raids are a favorite tactic of aboriginal bands as they involve low risk, usually involve taking critical assets of an opponent, and withdrawal.

In other words, if you hit your opponent, take his horses, kill a couple of them, that's a really big success, and they might move off, which is what you wanted in the first place.

That can be taken too far however.  If the threat, or opportunity, is so great, the combat can be totally without quarter.  In other words, if you are presented with the 7th Cavalry making a tactical error, and you have them, you aren't taking prisoners.  Everyone of your opponents that can be killed will be, and without remorse or regret, which will also get to.

But let's note here again that this is mostly an all male thing.  Contrary to what some movie makers would have it, even aboriginal combatants almost never kill women.

Instead, they take them.

Which gets back again to DNA.   And we'll get back to that in a moment.

But first, lets discuss women in this scenario.  No matter what Ancestry may like to advertise, while there may be matriarchal societies, there are almost no examples of female aboriginal combatants whatsoever and that's no accident.

In aboriginal societies, i.e., the societies of our origin and the ones our DNA live in today, women's biological dimorphism made them, rather obviously, the bearer of children and also tied, for much of their lives to their children.  To start with, the very feeding of their children was tied to their own bodies, and it still is in spite of all the intrusion on it.  Women nursed their infants when young, fed them when still young, and nurtured them following that until their own genders began to determine their roles.  For girls, that nature typically meant an ongoing close association with their own mother through her life, nearly always.  Men were of course attached to their parents deeply as well, but he societal phenomenon of men becoming part of their wives' households is likely more of an aboriginal norm than the opposite.

Being village centric, therefore, their role in food gathering and processing was distinctly different.  There are examples of aboriginal hunters and fishermen, but they're somewhat rare and probably contextualized.  Women will kill animals readily for food, but hunting with an infant is difficult so it just likely happened less often.  It did happen, of course.  Gathering plants, or tending gardens, on the other hand, while difficult, more readily suited their biology.  This is evident across cultures and societies.  

And because of these roles, women's roles in the life of the band are different.  Any married man will see the results of this fairly easily today.  Women worry about the coming crisis, not temporary ones.  When temporary ones arise, they usually defer or demand their male "partner" take care of it. ¹  Any man is familiar with a short term crisis, with that term used lightly, arising and a female demand of "you should say" which is a summons into some allegorical combat.  The Huns are here. . . shouldn't you be getting on your sword?

In contrast, women agonize over events in the future,and day after day. This harkens back to the aboriginal state.  Winter is coming, there isn't enough food, what will we do?  That is the sort of question and the sort of scenario that confronted women more than men, and often women with babies at their breasts.  It's not patronizing to imagine what this must be like, with women looking out at one child, holding another, and then looking at the baskets of maize and realizing there isn't going to be enough.

That sort of psychological engineer is completely different from thinking "the Pawnees are nearby again. . . we'll steal their horses".  

All of which gets us to the next thing. Women will kill another human being, but not very readily.  It wasn't their role, and it still isn't.

I've known men who have killed other men.  More than one, and not all in wars.  I've known, vaguely, one woman who killed a man.  The examples are instructive.

Of the men I've known who killed other humans, in every example it was male on male violence.  In one instance it was a self defense against armed theft.  In several it was in combat.  In another, it was drug fueled murder.  In the latter example, which was an example of "cold blood", there was more than one person killed, but they were all men.  There were women present, and one other man, who weren't touched.  Frankly, it was probably a shooting over one of the girls.

In the one female instance, the killer who was a young woman who had been raped for years by her father.  The father had raped her sisters too, and was moving on to the next younger one while still assaulting the killer. She'd had enough, but she was also protecting not only herself, but a sibling.  And it took years to get her to that point.

Note, I said this thread wasn't going to be squeamish.

What this tells us, I think, is that men get to killing pretty quickly.  My friend who shot a guy trying to rob him had no remorse for it whatsoever, and frankly I think the movie image of men having perpetual regret in the case of justified killing, or in combat, is largely bunk ²  Women, on the other hand, have a really difficult time getting to killing, even to defend themselves.  The exception is to defend their children. They'll kill readily to do that.

As noted above, starting down this road, men will kill other men pretty readily, but they tend not to kill women very easily.  We can look at this a number of ways.  One is that women instinctively kill to defend, and they instinctively kill, or act in violence, to defend women.  It's often noted that January 1945 is the month during World War Two, for example, when combat deaths between the German Army and the Red Army went through the roof.  It was late in the war, and from the outside that doesn't make sense.  The reason, however, is that German soldiers were well aware that the Red Army as committing mass rape wherever it went, and at that point the driver in combat became primitive and personal.

Which takes us right to our next point.  The women of your enemies present DNA opportunities.

It's an odd point of human nature that we're attracted to our own kind and culture and fascinated by others at the same time.  Sociologist have, in recent years, repeatedly been stunned to learn that Homo Sapiens have bred with other Homo genus people as far back as contact first occurred.  This tends to illustrate this.  They aren't that different, and the attraction obviously existed.

It exists in this context as well which goes to the point above.  Men are reluctant to kill women in combat, but they'll take them for sex, sometimes permanently and sometimes temporarily.  The biological imperative is likely that these alien women mix up the DNA a little bit.  We tend not to think of it that way, but deep seated in the DNA the attraction to the "other" explains it.

The examples are so numerous they hardly need to be cited.  Rome was reputed to have been establish by its own legend by the mass rape and capture of the Sabine women.  The practice was so widespread that its mentioned, and governed by both the Old Testament and the Koran, which approach the topic completely differently, the Old Testament restricting what a Jewish combatant could do with the captured wife of an enemy, and the Koran informing Muslim combatants that they could simply use females captives for sex.

In ancient combat the raping of foreign captive women was routine.  Occasionally women fought back, but it was relatively rare.  Muslim seafaring North Africans engaged in combative raiding simply for the acquisition of sex slaves.  Native bands that hand an opportunity to wipe out a competing band usually just killed the men and carted the women off.  Even the 7th Cavalry under Custer appears to have done this in at least one singular example, that of Custer, reputedly, following Washita.  Modern armies have generally acted vigorously to restrain this conduct in their soldiers, but where allowed, as with the Red Army in World War Two, it will resurface.  Even the U.S. Army, notoriously, had several horrific examples of rapes by combat soldiers of Vietnamese women during the Vietnam War, ³   ISIL has returned the practice to Middle Eastern combat in dramatic and horrific fashion.

And of course, in civil life all this plays out as we'd expect.  Individual acts of violence are usually committed by men.  Urban tribal combat, or gang wars, are almost all male deals as well.  Occasionally we see women in these roles, but its extremely rare.  Rapes are almost exclusively a male crime.  Women occasionally kill attackers, but a man attempting to rob another man is a lot more likely to get shot and killed than a man attempting to commit a rape.

All of which takes us to this.  Men are violence inclined by nature.  Women are not.

Perversion.

Which doesn't mean, we'd note, that as with all things human, it can't be perverted.

We'd note first that the strong instinct of men not to kill women, which obviously doesn't carry over into not committing acts of sexual violence against them, doesn't mean that they'll never do it.  But what we also should note is that once these boundaries are broken, real perversion is usually present or unleashed.

The Germans, for example, managed to get their men over this so that they could and would kill Jewish women in vast numbers.  Be that as it may, we should note, the Germans nonetheless retained a perpetual problem with German men engaging in sexual acts with Jewish women if the opportunity availed itself, something that was a crime, and even the same men who would kill Jewish women would also do that.  Having noted that, however, what we'd also note ist hat once the killing of women started, the floodgates of real mass bloodletting were completely unleashed.

To given another example, the Frontier U.S. Army, in spite of the reputation to the contrary, would nearly never target women and children.  Women did become casualties of Army v. Native combat, but rarely intentionally.  When it occurred inside of villages, which it sometimes did, this was because it was inside of villages.  An Indian women with children in a camp would fight back, for the reasons noted above, and soldiers would accordingly too.  But the "kill everyone in a village" type thing was rare, and when it did occur, was usually an example of outright perversion of some kind.  

I can think of one of this, which is the Battle of Sand Creek.  This battle by the 2nd Colorado Cavalry during the Civil War is notorious for being unjustified and genocidal, and very much featured the killing of women.  This is also why it provoked a societal horror and caused the Army to want to court martial Col. Chivington who lead it.  Even the notorious more or less contemporaneous Bear River Massacre saw almost only male Native combatant deaths, with the women and children taken prisoner.

This will get to the below, but there's a warning here.  Placing women into the position of combatants goes a long ways towards overcoming a biological norm, and when that norm is overcome, the results tend to be horrific

But what about women warriors of the past?

The female samurai Tomoe Gozen, a Japanese literary legend for whom there's no proof of existence.

What about them, they barely exist.

Usually when you bring this topic up, you'll be confronted with examples from the past cited as if as much is known about them as may be known about combat units from the Second World War.  Far from it.  Indeed, the examples that are brought up are uniformly murky and subject to question.

Next to none, or may none at all, of the examples are in fact well established from the ancient world and quite often, when the very few examples that are capable of being proven in any fashion bear the classic stamp of being exceptions to the rule that they effectively are the exceptions that prove the rule.  This doesn't mean that examples are wholly absent from history, but it does mean that the tendency to leap to the conclusion that in some ancient societies female warriors were common is a big mistake.  Indeed, this is completely counter to the cutting edge woke articles that you'll find that "Contrary to what Gamers Believe, the Ancient World Was Full of Women Warriors".

No, it was not.

In all aboriginal societies, as already noted, it's the men who did the fighting, normally. Women will fight, but only under defined and fairly desperate circumstances.  Here, however, is the accounts from early civilized societies that we're dealing with.

Greek and Roman accounts of armed female warriors are the most commonly cited examples.  Both societies had such accounts and given that, they tend to be accepted at face value by those who want to accept them at face value for modern conclusions.  They have to be taken, however, in the context of their times.

To more than a little extent, such stories are simply myths, and fit in with tales about cyclops and sirens and the like.  There may be a grain of truth in them, but just a grain.  Beyond that, however, some tales of that type, taken in context, are likely misinterpretations by the cultures telling them, as they're almost uniformly about other cultures, or even tales that were meant as cultural slights.

That desperate cultures will arm women, as a matter of desperation, for combat is clearly the case.  It doesn't provide a good example for those who cite to women warriors, but it undoubtedly happened in the past just has it has happened in more recent times.  When the Greeks or Romans noted their presence, often in shock, they may have simply failed to appreciate that the culture they were fighting was in desperate straights.

Sometimes, however, they were likely simply insulting them, something that those who repeat Greek and Roman accounts in the modern world sometimes fail to grasp.  A Roman account, for example, exists regarding what the teller regarded as the horribly libertine conduct of females of one of the pre literate Iberian bands that the Romans defeated.  That story is repeated at face value often failing to note that the Romans were fairly slack in moral conduct in their early days as well.  That a Roman would note this of one such band may mean that he was generally disgusted and shocked, or it may mean that he was simply relating it to build up his own group over a neighboring pre literate one that the Romans were overrunning.  I.e., "look how disgusting these primitives are".  Such rationalization is pretty common in all societies in all eras.

If that sounds extreme and unlikely take into account that even in modern times the gross mischaracterization of enemies is common.  Perhaps the best example actually comes from the United States in regard to the Japanese during World War Two, in part because it comes from a quarter that we wouldn't really expect.

Theodore Seuss Geisel, aka "Dr. Seuss", depiction of Japanese individuals, the distinction between foreign born and American born isn't made, in the US during World War Two.  This cartoon is from 1942.

American depictions of the Japanese were frequently astoundingly bizarre and racist.  Thsi was even the case in regard to the depiction of the average civilians.  Japanese soldiers were commonly depicted as wearing thick glasses and hardly being human, a stereotype that was sufficiently strong that it was still replicated, in comedic fashion, in the form of Andy Rooney's depiction of a Japanese landlord in 1961's Breakfast at Tiffany's.  It is, of course, completely false.

The false nature of it, however is the point.  If an archeologist were to discover American propaganda from the 1940s regarding the war with Japan, and if that archeologist were to accept it at face value, they'd have to conclude that the Japanese enemy was uniformly buck toothed and had horrific vision.  In reality nothing of the case was anywhere near true.  Indeed, the origin of this stereotype is hard to determine as it predates the Second World War by a significant degree.  At best, the smalls stature of Japanese people in general combined with a preference for very simple glass frames in the era, for the minority who wore glasses, seems to have bizarrely lent itself to the horrific racist portrayals that endured all the way into the 1970s.

By extension, therefore, when we read of accounts by one people about the conduct of an enemy, we need to take it with a grain of salt.  Almost every Plains Native American tribe was tagged with dismissive monikers by their enemies, many of which stuck.  The US portrayed the Japanese as oddly nearsighted and of endemic bad dentistry, a depiction that endured for years.  Americans dismissed Asian populations they were fighting in later years as "gooks".  The Germans depicted the Red Army soldier as animalistic beasts dating all the way back to the 1920s.  Ancients maintaining that an opponent had female warriors may not have been so much of an observation, as an insult.  Their enemies were women, in other word, or needed the assistance of their women, or perhaps needed the civilizing influence of Rome to think right.

Women of one of the three Russian "battalions" (actually much smaller units) that enlisted in the service of Imperial Russia.  Their history in the Great War saw only one actually combat engagement.

Coming forward in time, to eras we can really establish a real record for, we see next to no use of women as combatants except in time of extreme desperation.  Japanese female combatants are known of, for example, but only in times when deploying every last person seemed to be called for.  Some women were enlisted for military's service by Imperial Russia at the end of World War One and some women fought in the Red Army during the Civil War, but in both instances Russia was down to absolutely nothing in terms of resources.   Indeed of the Russian women who enlisted for Imperial service during World War One, only one combat engagement seems to have taken place using them, although that did occur.  Of those in the Red Army, very little is known.

The Red Army and Imperial Army examples do significantly differ, however, in that the Imperial Army example was designed with embarrassing men in mind.  It didn't work, but the thought was that Russian men, who were giving up on the Imperial cause, would be shamed by women rising to fight for it.  The Red Army example was more genuine, and harder to track, as the female volunteers were volunteers on an individual basis and therefore not part of any singular unit. The number of individuals who served as combat soldiers was quite small, however, with the 80,000 women who served in the Red Army overwhelmingly volunteering in medical and clerical roles.  This is significant in that, at the time, the Communist advocated a social revolution as well as a political and economic one that disregarded all male/female traditions and distinctions in general, with women who were high in the Communist Party particularly exemplifying that by their rejection of the roles of mother and spouse quite notably.  In spite of that, most women who volunteered for the Red Army did so in roles that were more traditional for their gender.

Which takes us forward to World War Two, as we usually started to get the "what about. . ?" example in regard to an army that seems to have enlisted women and deployed them as combat soldiers.  It proves to almost uniformly to be highly mythicized.

The classic example is women in, again, the Soviet armed forces, and indeed women did have a notable presence in the USSR's military during the war.

Red Army snipers Natalya Kovshova and Mariya Polivanova.  Both were killed in action in 1942.

800,000 Soviet women served in the Soviet armed forces during the Second World War, the overwhelming majority of whom served in medical units.  However, over 2,000 served as snipers, some served as fighter pilots and Aleksandra Samusenko served as a tank commander and liaison officer.  So what about this example?

Well, it's actually not much of one.  Over 34,000,000 Soviet citizens served in the Red Army alone during World War Two, so the overall number of women who served in the Soviet armed forces is actually quite small.  In contrast to the USSR, 350,000 American women served in the US military during World War Two, a little less than have the number who served in Soviet service but then a little over 16,000,000 Americans served in the armed forces during the war.  Given that, the level of female participation was about equal in both countries.  The roles were largely similar as well, with the exception of snipers and combat pilots, although the US did have ferrying pilots who only recently were recognized as having provided military service.

Additionally, not only is the nature and extent of female participation in the Soviet military during the Second World War grossly exaggerated as to scale, it's exaggerated in nature.  Women were ground combatants except in the case of snipers and the singular not well understood case of Samusenko who seems to have somewhat wondered into that service and about whom a lot of myths have attached.  The largest role of females as combatants, in the Soviet armed forces, was as pilots, although frankly that was not a particularly largescale role either.

Which takes us next to this. While a very small number of women did serve in the Soviet military in combat roles, they served in roles that were physically, and perhaps also psychologically, suitable for their gender.  Snipers carry hardly anything, in comparison to infantryman, for example.  Aircraft, or at least some aircraft, had advanced to the point where physical strength was not a premium and small size not a detriment.  In both instances, the killing involved was not up close and personal, although it was still very real.

Indeed, while we're at it we should note this.  500,000 German women served in uniformed military auxiliary services during World War Two and the same number served in antiaircraft units in one form or another.  400,000 German women served as nurses during the war, but like all of the armies of World War One, much of the German nursing services were provided by civilian, and not military, personnel, a least in Germany itself.  None the less, that places German female participation directly in the armed forces at 1,000,000, higher than Soviet numbers and completely contrary to the general assumption that the Germans never deployed their female population.  In fact, in spite of a strong Nazi ideology against doing so, they did.  This means that, taking into account that somewhere over 14,000,000 Germans served in the German armed forces during World War Two, German female participation in the armed forces was the highest of any of the combatant nations.

The German example is interesting, however for a variety of reasons.  For one thing, the Germans were compelled to it out of desperation, which demonstrates the points we've made above.  The Nazis were philosophically bound to a barefoot and pregnant ideology and actively campaigned to boost the German birthrate to the point where the League of German Girls, a compulsory service organization that was the female equivalent of the Hitler Youth, began to take on an increasing element of scandal as the war went on and yet at the same time the Germans were forced to resort to the recruitment of women for their armed forces.  They never served in a ground combat role but they did ultimately become part of the Luftwaffe's anti aircraft system which was definitely a combat role, although they did not man the guns themselves, that being a role that required a fair degree of strength.  All in all, most German military women served in support and clerical roles.

On this we need to keep in mind  how desperate the German manpower situation became as the war went on. The Germans did man antiaircraft crews with teenage boys who where under military age and in the final stages of the war they deployed Hitler Youth members as combatants.  The German conscription age range ultimately ran from 16 years of age to 60, and antiaircraft crewmen were assigned down to age 12.  Women in the German armed forces, which bore a real societal stigma, wasn't a sign of equality of any sort but of desperation.

Okay, well what about partisans?

Partisans tend to be a bit ignored in this category, which is odd as it isn't too hard to find examples of female partisans during the war.  Here too, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, most female partisans occupied support roles, rather than combat roles. This is the case in the Eastern countries occupied by the Germans in particular where the partisan movements were quite large but were also Communist dominated.  There are exceptions to be sure but by and large, those are once again exceptions to the rule.

Women in Western European resistance forces is a surprisingly difficult topic to really address. There were women in these organizations but its' important to note that by and large, they didn't do very much fighting.

Women did have some participation as combatants in the Spanish Civil Wars, and its often tempting to compare resistance units to the Spanish ones.  The problem here is that finding out good information that topic isn't easy either.  Contrary to the common portrayal in the US, Spanish Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War were Communist or near Communist, or Anarchist, and they still retained the really radical pre Russian Revolution culture regarding men and women.  Therefore its not too surprising that some women did fight in the Spanish Civil War, but while they are a celebrated cause, its really hard to figure out how many it actually was.

Communist dominated a lot of the resistance forces all over Western Europe as well, although certainly other ideologies, even monarchist, were represented in those groups.  As noted, they did very little, indeed next to no, actual combat and they would have been extremely poorly suited to have done so.  Most of what they did was in the nature of sabotage and espionage, and therefore they aren't very illustrative on this topic.  They did do some fighting in some towns as they were liberated or near liberation, but the problem there is that those examples, such as that which occurred in Paris, were basically uprisings and featured a lot of civilians who had not previously fought at all.  Indeed, most of those on the streets in those uprisings had likely not participated in any prior combat at all.

What all that leaves us with is this. The pre 1945 examples we have basically aren't very good and actually tend to support the evolutionary biological point raised above.

So, what about from 1945 to the present day.

Well, the same is largely true.

One thing we'd have to start off with noting is that those few established armies that had female soldiers during the war who were near the front, or on rare occasion actually front line soldiers

Which should lead us to the contemporary examples.

The problem is, there aren't really very many, and likely for a reason.

The one that's most frequently given is the Israeli Defense Force.  The IDF does have some female combat soldiers, but their use has been very limited.  During the recent war they did fight, however.  There are some female combatants in the Ukrainian forces, and in the contemporary Russian ones, but we don't really hear much about them.  At least the Russian ones have reported terrible abuse by their own army, which isn't really surprising given the armed mob nature of Russian forces as a rule.

Which leads us to a final topic.

Women in armed forces, any nations farmed forces, are constantly abused.  It's horribly wrong, but its a fact.  It's probably an irresolvable problem.  In the conditions in which they live and work, there's virtually no way to eliminate sexual contact, and some of that is going to be rape.

That contact that isn't rape, on the other hand, will forge bonds that really shouldn't exist between combat soldiers.  Men will die for women as its in their DNA.  Men are more likely to die for women that they've slept with.  You can't really somebody you've slept with behind at a cross roads to die.

But combat soldiers have to do just that.

The 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session. Week 2.

Well that thread got massive quickly.

The imported Southern politics of the 1970s was pretty thickly in evidence this past week. Actions were taken against dangerous foreign aliens by passing out of committee a bill that makes the mark of alienage even more prominent on driver's licenses, where its already noted.  Secretary Gray stated he "wouldn't accept" anything other than "not a US Citizen" on drivers licenses, but that took up too much room so its just going to be Non US or something like that.

The bill caused the Facebook crowed to come out in mass, with a fair number of people believing that all aliens are illegal aliens, which isn't even close to being true, and others believing that aliens can bring drivers licenses from their own darned countries, dagnabbit.

Really?

I'd take this one step further, if we're going to have it.  As a native, and therefore a provincialist, I'd have our state of birth on your license plate, such as "I'm a Californian".  That way we can really tell who is alien.

Rep Mike Yin of Teton County, one of the few Democrats in the legislature, caused a tiff when he proposed amending a bill that requires new voter registrants to provide all kinds of proof of citizenship to be extended to all current registered voters.

It makes perfect sense.

If vast hordes of aliens have registered to vote, as some would have it, well, they're already registered.  We can root them out by requiring everyone to provide proof of citizenship.

Yep, Leopards won't eat my face.

Well, this upcoming week promises to be even more eventful.

January 20, 2025

Cowboy State Daily columnist and former speaker of the house Tom Lubnau really went after the Freedom Caucus with both barrels in his recent article.

Tom Lubnau: Short-Sighted Bills Have Us Barreling Toward A Wyoming Income Tax

This provoked outrage on Facebook with one commentor noting that Lubnau, who is a 'Wyoming native, and the son of a Wyoming native, must be from out of state.

The basic gist of their counter argument was "nuh-uh!"

A taste of what Lubnau stated:

Before the legislature passes something that sounds good with a bunch of blowhards at the bar, bellowing their bellicose bullshit, it should carefully analyze the consequences to future taxpayers and those dependent on state retirement. 

January 23, 2025

HB48, which would have dedicated efforts to understanding why Wyoming has the highest juvenile incarceration rate in the US, and which would have authorized sharing information with the Federal Government, was killed by the Freedom Caucus. 

I guess learning that sort of thing may be "woke".

House Bill 80,  the “Stop ESG State funds fiduciary duty act", brought a blizzard of criticism from money managers leading to attempts to amend it, although it did pass out of committee and has passed two readings in the House.

January 25, 2025

So here's the results after the second week.  If you view the chart below, and it says "received for introduction", it's passed one house and is on to the other.

The WFC did move its 5&10 agenda through the House, and its on to the Senate, in spite of, or perhaps because of, it being a combination of unneeded and illegal.  It'll likely scrape by in the Senate. Whether the Governor is willing to sign the bills is another matter.  Hopefully not.  That sets the next race for the Governor's office to be a screaming match featuring those who are going to claim that we must have a Governor who worships the Orange Idol Donald Trump, assuming that Trumpism hasn't completely flamed out by then, which there are already some signs that it is.

The right wing bill that would remove a requirement for Home Schooling parents to check in with their local school districts and approve their curriculum passed, not surprisingly.  A lot of the people in the WFC have a fear of education and don't trust it, reflecting a rejection of science and a selective approval of Evangelical Protestantism over science in various things.  A current problem the nation faces is that the population is increasingly ignorant, and views like this are why.

Removing protections for otters passed, which is odd as all the science there shows their numbers are decreasing.

A very poor bill that restricts state investments if the investment boards don't believe the same thing the WFC does, passed. That's going to be difficult to comply with and dump state returns in the flusher, the latter of which I don't think is really a concern for the WFC which hates government, basically, anyway, and is pretty hateful fo government employees as well.

A proposed tax on services failed, again, as people who provide services, like lawyers, doctors and accountants, don't like it.

The bill that will ultimately cause their to be a state income tax, the bill dropping property taxes in half, passed.  What could go wrong?

The bill to repeal gun free zones which will guarantee a future tragedy passed.

Bill	Catch Title	Sponsor	Last Action	Last Action Date
HB0002	Hunting license application fees increase.	Travel	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/16/2025
HB0003	Animal abuse-predatory animals.	Travel	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/16/2025
HB0004	Snowmobile registration and user fees.	Travel	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/16/2025
HB0005	Fishing outfitters and guides-registration of fishing boats.	Travel	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0006	Advance health care directives-dementia.	Larsen, L	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0007	K-12 post secondary education options.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0008	School finance-average daily membership.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0009	Young entrepreneurs-limiting license requirements.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0010	Limited mining operations-amendments.	Minerals	H Placed on General File	01/22/2025
HB0011	Manufacturing sales and use tax exemption-amendments.	Minerals	S Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
HB0012	Industrial production equipment-deferral.	Minerals	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0013	Integrated test center-governance.	Minerals	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0014	Solid waste municipal cease and transfer funding.	Minerals	S Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0015	Limited mining operations-bonding amendments.	Minerals	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/17/2025
HB0016	Used nuclear fuel storage-amendments.	Minerals	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/20/2025
HB0017	Career technical education equipment grants amendments.	Education	S Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0018	Career technical education funding.	Education	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0019	Social media-parental consent for minors required.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0020	K-12 school facility leasing.	Sel Sch Fac	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0021	School finance-routine maintenance worker calculation.	Sel Sch Fac	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0022	Water and wastewater operator-emergency response.	Campbell, E	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0023	Surrender driver's license-repeal.	Transportation	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0024	Alternative fuel tax-electricity amendments.	Transportation	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0025	Vehicle accident reporting-amendments.	Transportation	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0026	Highway safety-child restraints.	Transportation	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0027	Disabled parking windshield placards-revisions.	Transportation	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0028	Commercial driver's licenses-revisions.	Transportation	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0029	Severance tax distribution-highway fund.	Transportation	H08 - Transportation:Do Pass Failed 2-7-0-0-0	01/16/2025
HB0030	Driver's licenses and IDs-revisions.	Transportation	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0031	School safety and security.	Pendergraft	H Introduced and Referred to H04 - Education	01/22/2025
HB0032	What is a Woman Act.	Lien	S Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0033	Vehicle sales and use tax distribution-highway fund.	Transportation	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0034	Department of transportation-efficiency study.	Transportation	H Introduced and Referred to H08 - Transportation	01/15/2025
HB0035	Vacancies in elected office.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0036	Hathaway scholarship-amendments.	Harshman	H Placed on General File	01/20/2025
HB0037	Expulsion for possession of a deadly weapon.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0038	Ad valorem taxation-payment and credit of penalties.	Revenue	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0039	Property tax refund program-revisions.	Revenue	H COW:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0040	Sales and use tax revisions.	Revenue	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0041	Environmental quality-irrevocable letters of credit.	Lawley	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0042	Regulation of surgical abortions.	Lawley	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0043	Age verification for websites with harmful material.	Lawley	H Placed on General File	01/22/2025
HB0044	Loren "Teense" Willford Memorial Highway.	Davis	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0045	Removing otters as protected animals.	Byron	S Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0046	Homeschool freedom act.	Strock	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0047	Secretary of state-expedited filings.	BlockChain/Technology	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
HB0048	Department of family services-confidentiality amendments.	Judiciary	H01 - Judiciary:Do Pass Failed 4-5-0-0-0	01/15/2025
HB0049	Treatment courts-amendments.	Judiciary	H01 - Judiciary:Do Pass Failed 4-5-0-0-0	01/15/2025
HB0050	Disclosure of sensitive information-law enforcement.	Judiciary	H COW:Failed 21-36-5-0-0	01/21/2025
HB0051	Municipal courts-maximum penalties.	Judiciary	H COW:Failed 21-38-3-0-0	01/22/2025
HB0052	State's right of appeal in criminal cases.	Judiciary	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/17/2025
HB0053	Governmental claims-negligent investigations.	Judiciary	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/17/2025
HB0054	Chancery court judges-district and circuit court assistance.	Judiciary	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/17/2025
HB0055	Court automation fee-amendments.	Judiciary	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0056	Cities and towns notice for zoning changes-amendments.	Filer	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0057	Fireworks on the 4th of July.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0058	State lands-notice for mineral leases.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0059	Limited mining operations-water quality testing.	Harshman	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/17/2025
HB0060	Student eligibility in sports-amendments.	Lawley	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0061	State land lease preference amendments.	Banks	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0062	Prostitution amendments.	Heiner	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0063	Working animal protection act.	Rodriguez-Williams	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0064	Chemical abortions-ultrasound requirement.	Neiman	H Placed on General File	01/22/2025
HB0065	Executive orders repository.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0066	Cities and towns-abandoned and nuisance properties.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0067	Wyoming Community Development Authority-bond investment.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0068	Tax increment financing.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0069	Foreign adversary ownership or control of business entities.	Corporations	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0070	Irrigation districts-bid requirements.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0071	Insurance fraud reporting.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0072	Protecting women's privacy in public spaces act.	Lawley	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0073	Recreation safety-rock climbing.	Larsen, L	S Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0074	County clerks-frivolous filings procedure.	Larsen, L	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0075	Coal severance tax rate.	Clouston	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0076	Prior authorization-amendments.	Brown, L	H Introduced and Referred to H10 - Labor	01/15/2025
HB0077	Ride-share drivers-Wyoming registration required.	Styvar	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0078	Newborn safety device funding for safe haven providers.	Rodriguez-Williams	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0079	Bond elections-voter threshold requirement.	Styvar	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0080	Stop ESG-State funds fiduciary duty act.	Knapp	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
HB0081	Regulatory reduction-mortgage loan originator licensing.	Yin	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/20/2025
HB0082	Provider enrollment-standards.	Labor	S Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0083	Child custody-sex offense conviction presumption.	Pendergraft	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0084	Pari-mutuel wagering-breakage.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0085	Local approval for simulcasting.	Appropriations	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/23/2025
HB0086	Public property and buildings-amendments.	Appropriations	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0087	Consolidation of gaming.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0088	Multi-family dwelling single stairwell exits.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0089	Wind turbine blades-onsite disposal required.	Riggins	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/14/2025
HB0090	Anthrax outbreak protocol.	Davis	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0091	Eminent domain energy collector systems amendments.	Agriculture	H 3rd Reading:Failed 27-33-2-0-0	01/21/2025
HB0092	Wyoming livestock board-memorandums of understanding.	Agriculture	H COW:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0093	Protect Wyoming's Lands Act.	Agriculture	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0094	Charter school authorizations-amendments.	Andrew	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
HB0095	School generational account.	Cap Fin & Inv	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0096	Prohibiting mask, vaccine and testing discrimination.	McCann	H 3rd Reading:Passed 45-16-1-0-0	01/24/2025
HB0097	Property conveyances near critical infrastructure.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0098	Property tax exemption for long-term homeowners-extension.	Byron	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0099	Access to public lands-corner crossing.	Provenza	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HB0100	K-12 uncertified personnel.	Andrew	H Introduced and Referred to H04 - Education	01/24/2025
HB0101	Forest health grant program-3.	Water	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0102	Attorney general-elected.	Heiner	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0103	Columbarium regulation.	Sherwood	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0104	Child tax credit.	Yin	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0105	Breach orders due process.	Water	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0106	Monument to America.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0107	Wyoming generational investment account.	Harshman	H Introduced and Referred to H02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
HB0108	Firearm purchase protections.	Allemand	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/16/2025
HB0109	Trespassing-suspend hunting license.	Allemand	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/20/2025
HB0110	Trapping licenses-nonresident reciprocal licenses.	Davis	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0111	Hit and run-responsibility and penalties.	Smith, S	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0112	Industrial siting projects-county commissioner approval.	Smith, S	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0113	Insurance payments-not taxable.	Smith, S	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0114	Protecting religious assembly in states of emergency act.	Smith, S	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0115	Medical Ethics Defense Act.	Ottman	H Received for Introduction	01/06/2025
HB0116	Driver's licenses-unauthorized alien restrictions.	Ottman	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0117	Omnibus water bill-construction.	Water	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/24/2025
HB0118	Limitations on net land gains for the federal government.	Banks	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0119	Minimum easement standards.	Banks	H Received for Introduction	01/07/2025
HB0120	Administrative procedure-jury trial for penalties.	Strock	H Received for Introduction	01/07/2025
HB0121	Hospital pricing transparency.	Singh	H 3rd Reading:Laid Back	01/24/2025
HB0122	Senior citizen service districts-authorization and renewal.	Connolly	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0123	Adverse possession-property tax payment defense.	Neiman	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/24/2025
HB0124	Reduction in taxation act.	Filer	H Received for Introduction	01/09/2025
HB0125	Repeal-unauthorized use of vehicle crime.	Washut	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/22/2025
HB0126	Sales tax on services-repeal.	Filer	H03 - Revenue:Do Pass Failed 2-6-1-0-0	01/23/2025
HB0127	Domestic violence protection orders-affirmative defense.	Styvar	H Received for Introduction	01/09/2025
HB0128	Public health emergency-definition amendments.	Lucas	H Received for Introduction	01/09/2025
HB0129	School finance-dates for fund transfers.	Larson, JT	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0130	Homeowner tax exemption-amendments.	Heiner	H Introduced and Referred to H03 - Revenue	01/22/2025
HB0131	Ballot drop boxes-prohibition.	Knapp	H Placed on General File	01/22/2025
HB0132	Annual permits for specified commercial loads.	Smith, S	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/20/2025
HB0133	Sanctuary cities, counties and state-prohibition.	Guggenmos	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/16/2025
HB0134	Taxpayer funds-sexually explicit events prohibited-2.	Guggenmos	H Received for Introduction	01/09/2025
HB0135	Autologous or direct blood donations.	Guggenmos	H Placed on General File	01/22/2025
HB0136	Volunteer first responder health insurance-revisions.	Byron	H Received for Introduction	01/09/2025
HB0137	Revisor's bill.	Mgt Council	H Received for Introduction	01/09/2025
HB0138	Wyoming gaming commission amendments.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/10/2025
HB0139	Interstate export of Wyoming horseracing.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/10/2025
HB0140	Continuity of Permitting Act.	Filer	H Received for Introduction	01/10/2025
HB0141	Health mandates-CDC and WHO jurisdiction in Wyoming.	Lucas	H Received for Introduction	01/10/2025
HB0142	Supplemental K-12 school facilities appropriations.	Sel Sch Fac	H Received for Introduction	01/10/2025
HB0143	LaPrele dam rebuilding.	Yin	H Received for Introduction	01/10/2025
HB0144	County canvassing board.	Neiman	H Received for Introduction	01/13/2025
HB0145	Absentee ballot return-required information.	Smith, S	H Received for Introduction	01/13/2025
HB0146	Animal estray penalty-amendments.	Neiman	H Received for Introduction	01/13/2025
HB0147	Prohibition of institutional discrimination.	Rodriguez-Williams	S Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0148	University of Wyoming governance-elected trustees.	Rodriguez-Williams	H Received for Introduction	01/13/2025
HB0149	Adoption discrimination-keep kids first act.	Rodriguez-Williams	H Received for Introduction	01/13/2025
HB0150	Meat processors-composted materials.	Andrew	H Received for Introduction	01/13/2025
HB0151	Predator management district appointments and terms.	Lien	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0152	Donated blood-mRNA disclosure.	McCann	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0153	Permanent vehicle registration.	Banks	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/21/2025
HB0154	False voting-amendments.	Brady	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/21/2025
HB0155	Workplace violence in health care.	Brown, L	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0156	Proof of voter residency-registration qualifications.	Bear	S Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0157	Proof of voter citizenship.	Bear	S Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0158	Legislature-electronic voting system.	Bear	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0159	Protecting water from chemical abortion waste.	Bear	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0160	Voter identification-revisions.	Tarver	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0161	Hydrogen severance tax.	Tarver	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/20/2025
HB0162	Interactive gaming.	Davis	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/20/2025
HB0163	Prohibiting employment of unauthorized aliens.	Brown, G	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0164	Medical prescriptions-off-label purposes.	Brown, G	H Introduced and Referred to H10 - Labor	01/21/2025
HB0165	Ranked choice voting-prohibition.	Webb	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0166	State auditor payment transparency.	Bratten	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/20/2025
HB0167	Local government reporting.	Bratten	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0168	Cultivated meat-prohibition.	Eklund	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/20/2025
HB0169	Homeowner tax exemption-2025 and 2026.	Locke	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
HB0170	Nonprofit and trust entities-effective time for documents.	Lawley	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0171	Sexual exploitation of children-amendments.	Strock	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0172	Repeal gun free zones and preemption amendments.	Haroldson	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
HB0173	Independent candidate requirements.	Haroldson	H Placed on General File	01/24/2025
HB0174	Carrying of concealed weapons-age requirement.	Haroldson	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/23/2025
HB0175	Wyoming veterans museum capital construction.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0176	Vacancies in public office-amendments.	Bratten	H Received for Introduction	01/14/2025
HB0177	Statutory standing committee-federal review.	Wharff	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/21/2025
HB0178	Work allowance for voting.	Sherwood	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/22/2025
HB0179	Department of transportation-land transfer.	Larsen, L	H Introduced and Referred to H08 - Transportation	01/23/2025
HB0180	K-12 mental health program-3.	Larsen, L	H Received for Introduction	01/15/2025
HB0181	Funeral contracts-investment and bonding requirements.	Larsen, L	H Introduced and Referred to H03 - Revenue	01/24/2025
HB0182	Elections-prohibiting use of secondary address.	Brown, G	H Received for Introduction	01/15/2025
HB0183	Net metering amendments.	Heiner	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/20/2025
HB0184	Utilities-point of consumption and allocation agreements.	Williams	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/20/2025
HB0185	Video recording of legislative meetings.	Lucas	H Received for Introduction	01/15/2025
HB0186	Bear coupons-game and fish.	Wharff	H Received for Introduction	01/15/2025
HB0187	Theft amendments.	Wasserburger	H Received for Introduction	01/15/2025
HB0188	Two families-one nanny.	Yin	H Introduced and Referred to H10 - Labor	01/21/2025
HB0189	Harmful communication-minors.	Lien	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/22/2025
HB0190	Bond election language process.	Lien	H Received for Introduction	01/15/2025
HB0191	Civil penalties for cannabis.	Provenza	H Received for Introduction	01/15/2025
HB0192	Public utilities-wildfire mitigation and liability limits.	Larson, JT	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/21/2025
HB0193	Real property-severance of pore space-notice.	Brown, L	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/20/2025
HB0194	Obscenity amendments.	Lucas	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/21/2025
HB0195	Credit reporting-medical debt.	Provenza	H Introduced and Referred to H10 - Labor	01/21/2025
HB0196	Ballot initiatives-duplicate laws passed.	Lien	H Received for Introduction	01/16/2025
HB0197	Limits on property development exaction and mitigation fees.	Davis	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/21/2025
HB0198	Education savings accounts-income qualifications.	Clouston	H Received for Introduction	01/16/2025
HB0199	Wyoming Freedom Scholarship Act.	Andrew	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0200	Parent rights-amendments.	Webb	H Introduced and Referred to H04 - Education	01/21/2025
HB0201	State funds-investment in Bitcoin.	Wasserburger	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/22/2025
HB0202	Fast Track Permits Act.	Filer	H Introduced and Referred to H04 - Education	01/24/2025
HB0203	By the people act.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/16/2025
HB0204	Nonresident fishing license fee increase.	Byron	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0205	Wyoming state fair department.	Strock	H Received for Introduction	01/16/2025
HB0206	Elections-acceptable identification revisions-2.	Webber	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/17/2025
HB0207	Religious Freedom Restoration Act.	Washut	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/17/2025
HB0208	Atmospheric geoengineering prohibition.	Tarver	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/21/2025
HB0209	Reliable and dispatchable low-carbon standards-repeal.	Knapp	H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals	01/20/2025
HB0210	Prohibition on unauthorized fees-veterans benefits.	Knapp	Bill Number Assigned	01/15/2025
HB0211	Hunting wildlife from vehicles.	Allemand	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/17/2025
HB0212	Local sales and use tax amendments.	Allemand	H Received for Introduction	01/16/2025
HB0213	Owners and owners' agents duties to tenants-amendments.	Chestek	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0214	Local government payments-electronic payments.	Thayer	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0215	Prohibition on electronic voting equipment.	Smith, S	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/20/2025
HB0216	Prohibition on gas chamber euthanasia of animals.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0217	Random hand count audits of election results.	Lucas	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0218	Public utilities-stays during resolution of lawsuits.	Locke	H Introduced and Referred to H03 - Revenue	01/24/2025
HB0219	County and municipal roads on state lands-easements granted.	Locke	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/24/2025
HB0220	Conservation easements-amendments.	Ottman	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0221	Bighorn and domestic sheep relocation-effective date repeal.	Ottman	H05 - Agriculture:Do Pass Failed 3-6-0-0-0	01/23/2025
HB0222	Medical Ethics Defense Act-2.	Ottman	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0223	Preventing strategic lawsuits against public participation.	Ottman	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/20/2025
HB0224	Prohibiting foreign adversary property ownership.	Banks	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0225	Parking during legislative meetings.	Brown, L	H Introduced and Referred to H08 - Transportation	01/24/2025
HB0226	License plate-search and rescue council.	Campbell, K	H Introduced and Referred to H08 - Transportation	01/24/2025
HB0227	Executive order-time limitations.	Angelos	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/21/2025
HB0228	Prohibition on private funds for conducting elections.	Knapp	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0229	High Plains Research Station and Arboretum-historic site.	Nicholas	H Introduced and Referred to H02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
HB0230	Wyoming interstate study and safe highways investment act.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0231	Medical education funding.	Larsen, L	H Introduced and Referred to H04 - Education	01/21/2025
HB0232	Elections-hand counting for recounts.	Haroldson	H Introduced and Referred to H02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
HB0233	Natural resource litigation funding.	Larsen, L	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
HB0234	Second Amendment Financial Privacy Act amendments.	Allemand	H Introduced and Referred to H01 - Judiciary	01/20/2025
HB0235	Career technical education equipment and supplies.	Andrew	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0236	County officials-nonpartisan elections.	Chestek	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0237	License plate issuance.	Wylie	H Introduced and Referred to H08 - Transportation	01/22/2025
HB0238	Ballot harvesting prohibition.	Johnson	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0239	Reproductive Freedom Act.	Yin	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0240	Appointment of acting secretary of state-repeal.	Johnson	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0241	Telehealth Freedom Act.	Smith, S	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0242	Manufacturers and dealers of new trailers-changes.	Tarver	H Introduced and Referred to H08 - Transportation	01/22/2025
HB0243	Denturist practice act.	Winter	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0244	Carbon dioxide pipelines-eminent domain prohibition.	Winter	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/22/2025
HB0245	Pen and paper ballots.	Knapp	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0246	Wyoming Wednesday.	Styvar	H Introduced and Referred to H03 - Revenue	01/24/2025
HB0247	Annexation requirements.	Styvar	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0248	School foundation program interim budget authority.	Bear	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0249	Runoff elections.	Neiman	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0250	Defining life and the rights of natural persons.	Neiman	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0251	Trespass by drone.	Neiman	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0252	Wind tax exemption-repeal.	Johnson	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0253	Construction lien revisions.	Wylie	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
HB0254	Microphones in the house of representatives.	Larson, JT	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0255	Mobile home certificate-information disclosure requirement.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0256	Select Committee on Blockchain and Emerging Technologies-1.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0257	Barber apprenticeships.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0258	State funded capital construction.	HAppropriations	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HB0259	Supplemental K-12 school facilities appropriations-2.	HAppropriations	H COW:Passed	01/24/2025
HB0260	Criminal accountability grant program.	Washut	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0261	Accessory after the fact-amendments.	Washut	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0262	Counties-limitations on holding reserves.	Johnson	H Introduced and Referred to H07 - Corporations	01/22/2025
HB0263	Local water system funding.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0264	Central bank digital currencies-prohibitions.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0265	Defend the guard act.	Singh	H Introduced and Referred to H04 - Education	01/24/2025
HB0266	Food truck licensing-statewide application.	Larson, JT	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0267	Regulation of hemp.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0268	People's parking act.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
HB0269	Naturopathic medicine licensure.	McCann	H Introduced and Referred to H10 - Labor	01/23/2025
HB0270	Permanent mineral trust fund-spending policy.	Bear	H Introduced and Referred to H02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
HB0271	Common school account-spending policy amount.	Bear	H Introduced and Referred to H02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
HB0272	Investment in Wyoming housing.	Sherwood	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
HB0273	Wyoming pregnancy centers-autonomy and rights.	Rodriguez-Williams	H Introduced and Referred to H10 - Labor	01/23/2025
HB0274	Biological males in women's sports.	Rodriguez-Williams	H Introduced and Referred to H10 - Labor	01/23/2025
HB0275	Treatment of animals.	Byron	H Introduced and Referred to H06 - Travel	01/23/2025
HB0276	State agreements to perform immigration functions.	Lawley	H02 - Appropriations:Do Pass Failed 3-4-0-0-0	01/24/2025
HB0277	Capitol complex-hotel and conference center.	Harshman	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0278	Elections-voting machine and voting system tests.	Locke	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0279	Property tax exemptions-order of application.	Nicholas	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0280	Sex offender registration.	Knapp	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0281	Landowner hunting coupons-hunts that harvest no animal.	Winter	H Introduced and Referred to H05 - Agriculture	01/24/2025
HB0282	Property tax-acquisition value.	Locke	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
HB0283	Second Amendment Protection Act amendments-2.	Wharff	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
HB0284	Required hospital services.	Provenza	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
HJ0001	Amending Wyoming's act of admission for earnings.	Cap Fin & Inv	H Received for Introduction	01/02/2025
HJ0002	Foreign adversaries-prohibited property ownership.	Agriculture	H 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
HJ0003	Support for rural schools.	Sherwood	H Placed on General File	01/22/2025
HJ0004	Constitutional amendment-veterans property tax exemption.	Styvar	H Placed on General File	01/23/2025
HJ0005	China-misuse of United Nations resolution.	Singh	H Received for Introduction	01/21/2025
SF0002	Hunting licenses-weighted bonus points system.	Travel	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/23/2025
SF0003	Mule and whitetail deer-separate hunting seasons.	Travel	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/23/2025
SF0004	State park peace officers-definition and scope of authority.	Travel	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0005	School district vehicles-flashing lights authorized.	Cooper	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/22/2025
SF0006	Residential property-removal of unlawful occupant.	Judiciary	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0007	Protection order amendments.	Judiciary	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0008	Protection orders-effective during appeal or review.	Judiciary	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0009	Restoration of rights amendments.	Judiciary	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0010	Settlement agreements for minors-parental authorization.	Judiciary	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0011	Use of fraudulent documents to wrongfully possess property.	Judiciary	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0012	Permanent protection orders.	Judiciary	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/15/2025
SF0013	Reading assessment and intervention amendments.	Education	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
SF0014	Wyoming imagination library program.	Education	S COW:Failed 6-23-2-0-0	01/21/2025
SF0015	Oil and gas conservation commission-regulation of pits.	Minerals	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
SF0016	Industrial siting-tribal notification.	Minerals	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
SF0017	Carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery stimulus.	Minerals	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0018	Enhanced oil recovery-severance tax exemption.	Minerals	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0019	Impact assistance payments-maximum percentages and review.	Minerals	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0020	Oil and gas bonding-options and bonding pools.	Minerals	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0021	Ban on cell phone use in schools.	Schuler	S COW:Failed 7-21-3-0-0	01/21/2025
SF0022	Ground for termination of parental rights-guardianship.	Schuler	S Received for Introduction	12/19/2024
SF0023	Handicap placards-health care providers' approval.	Labor	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0024	Special license plates for multipurpose vehicles.	Barlow	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0025	Electronic lien and title system.	Transportation	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0026	Protection of military equipment.	Transportation	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0027	Wyoming national guard member referral-amendments.	Transportation	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0028	ROTC endowment program.	Transportation	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0029	Firearm hold agreement-limited liability.	Transportation	S COW:Failed 2-26-3-0-0	01/21/2025
SF0030	Wyoming's investment in veteran's mental health.	Transportation	:Rerefer to S02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
SF0031	Boards and commissions veteran ex officio members.	Transportation	S COW:Failed 11-17-3-0-0	01/21/2025
SF0032	Unpaved roads speed limits-amendments.	Transportation	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0033	Noncitizen driver's license and ID card-revisions.	Transportation	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0034	School finance-routine and major maintenance calculations.	Sel Sch Fac	S 3rd Reading:Passed 21-9-1-0-0	01/24/2025
SF0035	Governmental claims-maximum liability amounts.	Judiciary	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/15/2025
SF0036	Music therapy-use of title.	Labor	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0037	Enhanced concealed carry in school zones.	Cooper	S Received for Introduction	12/19/2024
SF0038	Performance compensation-investment performance amendment.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0039	Automatic transfer of automobile title upon death.	Olsen	S Placed on General File	01/21/2025
SF0040	Zoning protest petition-amendments.	Appropriations	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0041	Federal acts-legal actions authorized.	Agriculture	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0042	Resort hotel liquor licenses.	Gierau	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0043	Temporary water use agreements amendments.	Agriculture	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
SF0044	Fairness in sports-intercollegiate athletics.	Schuler	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0045	Wyoming state guard-amendments.	Laursen, D	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/21/2025
SF0046	Water and sewer districts-bid requirements.	Landen	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0047	Board of trustees-systems of public recreation amendment.	Landen	S Introduced and Referred to S07 - Corporations	01/22/2025
SF0048	Business property exemption.	Revenue	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0049	Tangible personal property-index and depreciation.	Revenue	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0050	Insurance holding company regulations-amendments.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
SF0051	Wyoming telecommunications act revisions.	Corporations	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0052	Insurance amendments.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/17/2025
SF0053	Trademarks and trade names-administrative cancellation.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0054	Electricity production facilities on municipal property.	Corporations	S Introduced and Referred to S07 - Corporations	01/14/2025
SF0055	Third party filers.	Corporations	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0056	Providing false information to registered agents.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0057	911 service reporting.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0058	Elimination of sales tax on firearms.	Olsen	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0059	Registered agents-release of records.	Corporations	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0060	Sales tax distribution rates.	French	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0061	Pollution control property tax exemption-applicability.	Case	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/21/2025
SF0062	Restrooms in publicly funded schools-2.	Laursen, D	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0063	State lands-fencing 2.	Crago	S 3rd Reading:Passed 30-0-1-0-0	01/24/2025
SF0064	Wyoming Opposes Mandatory Electronic ID Devices-Livestock.	Steinmetz	S Placed on General File	01/23/2025
SF0065	Data privacy-government entities.	BlockChain/Technology	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0066	Digital ledger filing system development.	BlockChain/Technology	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/14/2025
SF0067	Long-term homeowner tax exemption-revisions.	Revenue	S Placed on General File	01/15/2025
SF0068	Government owned lands.	Revenue	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/14/2025
SF0069	Homeowner property tax exemption.	Revenue	S Placed on General File	01/20/2025
SF0070	Investment modernization-state nonpermanent funds.	Cap Fin & Inv	H Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0071	Ignition interlock restricted license-aggravated homicide.	Brennan	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0072	Summer vacation preservation act.	Brennan	H Received for Introduction	01/22/2025
SF0073	Charter school funding-amendments.	Brennan	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0074	Immunity for drug overdose reporting.	Labor	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0075	Coroner investigations-disposition of decedent's property.	Case	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0076	Protecting critical infrastructure from foreign adversaries.	Appropriations	S Placed on General File	01/17/2025
SF0077	Compelled speech is not free speech.	Hutchings	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/16/2025
SF0078	Prohibition on distribution of unsolicited ballot forms.	Hutchings	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0079	District courts-change of venue.	Crago	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0080	Abandonment of water rights-limitations.	Water	S 3rd Reading:Passed 29-1-1-0-0	01/24/2025
SF0081	Tax exemption-property owned by the state.	Agriculture	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0082	Omnibus water bill-planning.	Water	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0083	Large energy project funding-legislative approval.	Steinmetz	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/22/2025
SF0084	Country of origin label-USA beef.	Steinmetz	S Placed on General File	01/23/2025
SF0085	Constitutional enforcement of localities.	Ide	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/22/2025
SF0086	Alternative teaching certificate.	Laursen, D	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/16/2025
SF0087	Prescriptive easement for electricity delivery.	Cooper	S Introduced and Referred to S07 - Corporations	01/17/2025
SF0088	2025 large project funding.	Nat Res Fund	S06 - Travel:Rerefer to S02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
SF0089	Certificate of need repeal-2.	Crum	S10 - Labor:Do Pass Failed 2-3-0-0-0	01/22/2025
SF0090	Youth organizations in schools.	Crum	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0091	Petroglyph, pictograph and historic inscription protection.	Tribal Relations	:Rerefer to S02 - Appropriations	01/23/2025
SF0092	Make carbon dioxide great again-no net zero.	Steinmetz	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/24/2025
SF0093	Tribal trust land sales and use tax exemption.	Tribal Relations	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/14/2025
SF0094	Wind River Reservation remote sales and use tax.	Tribal Relations	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/14/2025
SF0095	Special purpose depository institution-amendments.	Rothfuss	S 2nd Reading:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0096	Wyoming Gold Act.	Ide	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0097	Trust code revisions.	Case	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/22/2025
SF0098	School board trustees-party affiliation.	Olsen	S Placed on General File	01/22/2025
SF0099	Game and fish property tax exemption.	Travel	H Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0100	Child witnesses-courtroom procedures.	Schuler	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/22/2025
SF0101	Post-conviction DNA testing-procedure amendments.	Landen	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/22/2025
SF0102	Surviving parents of gold star veterans-exemptions.	Landen	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SF0103	Terminating and defunding diversity, equity and inclusion.	Steinmetz	S Introduced and Referred to S05 - Agriculture	01/24/2025
SF0104	Probate code revisions.	Crago	S Placed on General File	01/23/2025
SF0105	An Act to Preserve State Territorial Sovereignty.	Ide	S Received for Introduction	01/13/2025
SF0106	Motor vehicle dealer and manufacturer warranty rates.	Barlow	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/21/2025
SF0107	Freedom to work and build business.	Nethercott	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0108	Recreation safety-agritourism.	Barlow	S Introduced and Referred to S06 - Travel	01/21/2025
SF0109	Open enrollment within Wyoming school districts.	Brennan	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/21/2025
SF0110	Inclusion of crossing guards for governmental claims act.	Brennan	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/21/2025
SF0111	Net metering revisions.	Case	S Introduced and Referred to S07 - Corporations	01/21/2025
SF0112	Anesthesiologist assistants licensing.	Schuler	S Introduced and Referred to S10 - Labor	01/21/2025
SF0113	Braider opportunity act.	Hutchings	S Introduced and Referred to S10 - Labor	01/21/2025
SF0114	Missing persons-reporting requirement.	Landen	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/21/2025
SF0115	Judicial review of agency actions-limitations.	Nethercott	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0116	Anti-money laundering.	Nethercott	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/21/2025
SF0117	Shared parenting.	Pearson	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/22/2025
SF0118	Landowner hunting tags-amendments.	Pearson	:Refer to S05 - Agriculture	01/23/2025
SF0119	Expedited professional licensure for military members.	Boner	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/21/2025
SF0120	Wyoming PRIME act.	Salazar	S Introduced and Referred to S05 - Agriculture	01/21/2025
SF0121	Rodeo license plate.	Boner	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/21/2025
SF0122	Voyeurism-sex offender registration amendment.	Cooper	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/22/2025
SF0123	School finance-competitive grants for crossing guards.	Brennan	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/24/2025
SF0124	Illegal immigration-identify, report, detain and deport.	Steinmetz	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/21/2025
SF0125	Defining health care and protecting the people's welfare.	Steinmetz	S Introduced and Referred to S10 - Labor	01/21/2025
SF0126	Establishment of a K-8 public lab school.	Rothfuss	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/22/2025
SF0127	Administrative rules-legislative review and objection.	Boner	:Refer to S05 - Agriculture	01/24/2025
SF0128	Repeal of sales tax on electricity.	McKeown	S Placed on General File	01/24/2025
SF0129	Hospital employees-drug and alcohol testing.	Laursen, D	S10 - Labor:Do Pass Failed 1-3-1-0-0	01/24/2025
SF0130	Emergency assistance immunity-mental health services.	Rothfuss	S Introduced and Referred to S10 - Labor	01/24/2025
SF0131	Charter school leasing.	Driskill	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/23/2025
SF0132	Protecting critical infrastructure and systems from drones.	Jones	S Introduced and Referred to S06 - Travel	01/23/2025
SF0133	Protection of parental rights-amendments.	Brennan	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/23/2025
SF0134	Industrial siting-wildlife mitigation.	Hicks	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/22/2025
SF0135	Defense of state banking-1.	Rothfuss	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/24/2025
SF0136	Homeowner tax exemption.	Dockstader	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/23/2025
SF0137	School finance-cash reserves.	Dockstader	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/23/2025
SF0138	Energy impact on Wyoming economy-study.	Dockstader	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/23/2025
SF0139	Trapping requirements-licenses, seasons and setbacks.	Dockstader	S Introduced and Referred to S06 - Travel	01/23/2025
SF0140	Trapping education requirements.	Dockstader	S Introduced and Referred to S06 - Travel	01/23/2025
SF0141	USMC CPL Seth Rasmuson Memorial Highway.	Crago	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/21/2025
SF0142	Veterans' home of Wyoming capital construction.	Crago	S Received for Introduction	01/20/2025
SF0143	Public monies-deposits in credit unions.	Nethercott	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/24/2025
SF0144	Wyoming-Ireland Trade Commission.	Driskill	S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals	01/23/2025
SF0145	Local governments-investments in equities.	Nethercott	S Introduced and Referred to S07 - Corporations	01/24/2025
SF0146	Consumer Rental Purchase Agreement Act-amendments.	Boner	S Introduced and Referred to S07 - Corporations	01/24/2025
SF0147	Service dogs-training and crimes.	Hutchings	S Introduced and Referred to S10 - Labor	01/24/2025
SF0148	Fire suppression and restoration funding.	Crago	S Introduced and Referred to S06 - Travel	01/23/2025
SF0149	Wildlife conservation license plates-amendments.	Pappas	S Introduced and Referred to S06 - Travel	01/23/2025
SF0150	For-profit trade schools-property tax exemption.	McKeown	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/23/2025
SF0151	Monthly ad valorem tax distribution-amendments.	Jones	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/23/2025
SF0152	Wildfire management-task force and state forester.	Barlow	S Introduced and Referred to S06 - Travel	01/23/2025
SF0153	Residential real property-taxable value.	Barlow	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/23/2025
SF0154	Industrial, wind and solar projects-hearing deadline.	Boner	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0155	International physician licensing.	Driskill	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0156	Expenditure of state funds on K-12 public schools.	Driskill	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0157	Department of family services-confidentiality amendments-2.	Olsen	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0158	Virtual credit cards and network leasing-dental services.	Jones	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0159	Dental insurance.	Jones	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0160	Treatment courts-amendments-2.	Olsen	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0161	Residential property-acquisition value.	McKeown	S Introduced and Referred to S03 - Revenue	01/24/2025
SF0162	Education-block grant model amendments.	Scott	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/24/2025
SF0163	Partial tobacco products tax repeal.	Pappas	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0164	Pari-mutual rodeo definitions.	Driskill	S Received for Introduction	01/23/2025
SF0165	Cancellation of registration notice-amendments.	Pearson	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0166	Political party formation-amendments.	Pearson	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0167	Board of chiropractic examiners-criminal history records.	Dockstader	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0168	Budget reserve account-repeal.	Hicks	S Introduced and Referred to S02 - Appropriations	01/24/2025
SF0169	Strategic investments and projects account-repeal.	Hicks	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0170	Grizzly bear management prohibition.	Hicks	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0171	City and Town Regulatory Reduction.	Nethercott	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0172	Physical therapy licensure compact.	Boner	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SF0173	Educational bankruptcy act.	Scott	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025
SJ0001	Convention of states.	Barlow	S COW:Passed	01/24/2025
SJ0002	Resolution demanding equal footing.	Ide	S Introduced and Referred to S05 - Agriculture	01/23/2025
SJ0003	Commemorating Nellie Tayloe Ross.	Nethercott	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/23/2025
SJ0004	Resolution on commercial base load power generation.	Pearson	S Introduced and Referred to S07 - Corporations	01/23/2025
SJ0005	Congressional term limits.	Laursen, D	S Introduced and Referred to S01 - Judiciary	01/23/2025
SJ0006	School capital construction-constitutional amendment.	Scott	S Introduced and Referred to S04 - Education	01/23/2025
SJ0007	NCSL 50th Anniversary.	Pappas	S Introduced and Referred to S08 - Transportation	01/24/2025
SJ0008	Political expenditures.	Cooper	S Received for Introduction	01/24/2025

Some goofy ones:

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0152

 

 

Donated blood-mRNA disclosure.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) McCann, Allemand, Angelos, Heiner, Locke, Ottman, Pendergraft, Rodriguez-Williams, Smith, S, Styvar and Wasserburger and Senator(s) Hutchings, Pearson and Steinmetz

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to public health and safety; requiring blood donors to disclose vaccination status as specified; requiring blood packaging to be marked as specified; allowing a person who receives a blood transfusion to request the use of certain blood; providing definitions; requiring rulemaking; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 35‑4‑1101 is created to read:

 

ARTICLE 11

BLOOD DONATIONS AND VACCINATIONS

 

35‑4‑1101.  Disclosure of mRNA vaccinations for blood donations; labeling; right to request certain blood; definitions.

 

(a)  As used in this chapter:

 

(i)  "COVID‑19" means as defined in W.S. 1‑1‑141(a)(ii);

 

(ii)  "Messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine" means a type of vaccine that uses called messenger ribonucleic acid to produce an immune response against a disease.

 

(b)  Any person who collects human blood donations for the purpose of providing blood for human blood transfusion shall require blood donors to disclose whether the blood donor has received a COVID‑19 vaccine or a messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine at any time.

 

(c)  Blood originating from a donor who has received a COVID‑19 vaccine or a messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine shall be conspicuously marked on the packaging of the blood and any paperwork related to the blood.

 

(d)  In a nonemergency situation, as determined by the health care provider providing medical services, a person receiving a blood transfusion shall have the right to request blood based on whether or not the blood originated from a person who has received a COVID‑19 vaccine or a messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine, if the requested blood is available at the facility.

 

Section 2.  The department of health shall promulgate all rules necessary to implement this act.

 

Section 3.  This act is effective July 1, 2025.

2025

STATE OF WYOMING

25LSO-0247

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0208

 

 

Atmospheric geoengineering prohibition.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Tarver, Brady, Campbell, K, Heiner and Rodriguez-Williams and Senator(s) Ide, McKeown and Pearson

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to environmental quality; providing legislative findings; prohibiting atmospheric geoengineering as specified; requiring testing; providing penalties; making conforming amendments; specifying applicability; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.

 

(a)  The legislature finds that:

 

(i)  The federal government, its agencies and other entities acting on behalf of the federal government have conducted or will conduct geoengineering experiments by intentionally disbursing chemicals and other substances into the atmosphere. These geoengineering experiments may be occurring within the state of Wyoming;

 

(ii)  The risks to human health and environmental safety from broad‑scale geoengineering are currently not well understood;

 

(iii)  The Wyoming department of environmental quality is responsible for monitoring air, land and water quality, including regulating emissions into the air, land and water within Wyoming to ensure the safety of the public while planning the development, use, reclamation, preservation and enhancement of the air, land and water resources of the state;

 

(iv)  It is the intent of the legislature to protect the public health and welfare of Wyoming residents while allowing all authorized activities permitted under state law.

 

Section 2.  W.S. 35‑11‑2201 is created to read:

 

ARTICLE 22

GEOENGINEERING

 

35‑11‑2201.  Atmospheric engineering prohibited; testing required; retaliation prohibited.

 

(a)  No person shall intentionally inject, release or disperse by any means any chemicals, chemical compounds, apparatus or other substances within Wyoming into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting or changing temperature, weather or the intensity of the sunlight.

 

(b)  The department shall test the air quality at sites subject to geoengineering or upon receiving a report of a potential violation of subsection (a) of this section. Testing under this subsection shall, if possible, utilize transmission electron microscopy and shall determine total metals concentration in precipitation.

 

(c)  No person or governmental entity shall retaliate or otherwise harass, discipline or discriminate against any person because the person reported, in good faith, a suspected violation of subsection (a) of this section or provided information related to an investigation of a suspected violation of subsection (a) of this section.

 

Section 3.  W.S. 35‑11‑103(a)(xiii) is amended to read:

 

35‑11‑103.  Definitions.

 

(a)  For the purpose of this act, unless the context otherwise requires:

 

(xiii)  "This act" means W.S. 35‑11‑101 through 35‑11‑403, 35‑11‑405, 35‑11‑406, 35‑11‑408 through 35‑11‑1106, 35‑11‑1414 through 35‑11‑1432, 35‑11‑1601 through 35‑11‑1613, 35‑11‑1701, 35‑11‑1801 through 35‑11‑1803, 35‑11‑2001 through 35‑11‑2004, and 35‑11‑2101 and 35‑11‑2201.

 

Section 4.  Nothing in this act shall be construed to impair or alter any contract or agreement that is publicly disclosed or subject to public disclosure and that is entered into with the state of Wyoming before the effective date of this act.

 

Section 5.  This act is effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)

2025

STATE OF WYOMING

25LSO-0504

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0245

 

 

Pen and paper ballots.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Knapp, Brown, G, Haroldson and Locke and Senator(s) McKeown

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to elections; requiring counties to use pen and paper as the default method to mark ballots for elections in Wyoming; providing an exception; making conforming amendments; and providing for an effective date.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 22‑13‑119 is created to read:

 

22‑13‑119.  Paper ballots required; exceptions.

 

(a)  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, each county shall provide paper ballots and pens as the default method to mark ballots for all in‑person voting in all elections in Wyoming. The county clerk shall provide all voters with a paper ballot and a pen to mark the ballot secretly as provided in this Election Code.

 

(b)  Subsection (a) of this section shall not prohibit any county clerk from providing electronic ballot marking devices for use by persons with disabilities. Electronic ballot marking devices shall comply with all federal accessibility requirements and shall conform with the requirements of this Election Code for voting machines and electronic voting systems. Nothing in this subsection shall authorize any county to use electronic ballot marking devices as the default method of marking ballots in the county.

 

(c)  As used in this section:

 

(i)  "Disability" has the meaning stated in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended by the Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act of 2008;

 

(ii)  "Electronic ballot marking device" means any electronic device that assists voters in marking ballots, including, without limitation, any voting machine that uses a touch screen to produce a marked paper ballot or ballot card.

 

Section 2.  W.S. 22‑10‑102, 22‑11‑102, 22‑21‑109 and 22‑22‑203(b) are amended to read:

 

22‑10‑102.  Selection by county commissioners.

 

Subject to the limitations of W.S. 22‑13‑119, the board of county commissioners may adopt for use in any precinct in the county a type of voting machine meeting the standards specified in W.S. 22‑10‑101.

 

22‑11‑102.  Use authorized; purchase or lease.

 

Subject to the limitations of W.S. 22‑13‑119, the board of county commissioners of each county may adopt for use, either experimentally or permanently, in any election in any or all polling places within the county, any electronic voting system authorized by law.

 

22‑21‑109.  Supplies; regulations; costs.

 

Subject to the limitations of W.S. 22‑13‑119, the county clerk may utilize voting machines or electronic voting systems at any bond election and may prescribe the form of the ballot, the duties of election officials, and other reasonable regulations pertaining thereto. The political subdivision holding the bond election shall pay the actual costs of the election or an equitably proportioned share of a concurrent election, as determined by the county clerk.

 

22‑22‑203.  Determining validity of application; placement on ballot; procedure for multi‑county districts.

 

(b)  Subject to the limitations of W.S. 22‑13‑119, each county clerk in each election involving a school or community college district which crosses county boundaries shall determine whether voting machines, electronic voting system, paper ballots, or a combination thereof, shall be used to insure ensure that each qualified elector votes only for the candidate or candidates from the school district and trustee residence area, if any, and from the community college district and subdistrict, if any, for which he is entitled to vote.

 

Section 3.  This act is effective July 1, 2025.

 

Lex Anteinternet: The 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session. A Resolution to Violate Wyoming's Act of Admission.

Lex Anteinternet: The 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session, Part 4. The ...: 

A proposal to violate Wyoming's act of admission:

2025

State of Wyoming

25LSO-0331

 

 

 

 

Senate JOINT RESOLUTION NO. SJ0002

 

 

Resolution demanding equal footing.

 

Sponsored by: Senator(s) Ide, Biteman, French, Hutchings, Laursen, D, McKeown, Smith, D and Steinmetz and Representative(s) Allemand, Banks, Bear, Neiman, Smith, S and Winter

 

 

 

A JOINT RESOLUTION

 

for

 

A JOINT RESOLUTION demanding that the United States Congress, in consultation with the legislature of the state of Wyoming, extinguish the federal title in those public lands and subsurface resources in this state that derive from former federal territory, and do so in recognition of the sovereign rights of this state, as set forth in its congressional act of admission into the union, and in recognition of the solemn duties resting upon Congress under the admissions, property, claims, and guarantee clauses of Article IV of the United States constitution so that the state of Wyoming shall, in due course, obtain full admission into the Union of States upon an equal footing with the original states in all respects whatsoever.

 

WHEREAS, an indispensable element of state sovereignty is the capacity to exercise sovereignty and jurisdiction over the soil within state borders; and

 

WHEREAS, a constitutional state does not exist in those places where a state's independent sovereignty and legislative jurisdiction do not apply; and

 

WHEREAS, the original states jealously retained complete sovereignty and jurisdiction over all of the territory within their external boundaries, including unappropriated former British crown lands claimed by the states under both the articles of confederation and the United States constitution; and

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Admissions Clause, article IV, section 3, clause 1 of the United States constitution, new states admitted into the Union of States are admitted upon an equal footing with the original states as to political rights and as to sovereignty, including territorial sovereignty; and

 

WHEREAS, section 2 of the Wyoming act of admission provides that "The said state shall consist of all the territory included within the following boundaries, to wit: Commencing at the intersection of the twenty-seventh meridian of longitude west from Washington with the forty-fifth degree of north latitude and running thence west to the thirty-fourth meridian of west longitude; thence south to the forty-first degree of north latitude; thence east to the twenty-seventh meridian of west longitude, and thence north to the place of beginning." This section excepts only the lands dedicated to Yellowstone National Park within this border and any lands as may be subsequently added to that park by Congress; and

 

WHEREAS, under the equal footing doctrine, the new state of Wyoming became entitled to exercise sovereignty and jurisdiction over all of the territory dedicated to its purposes by virtue of Wyoming's act of admission, excepting only Yellowstone National Park and additional lands as Congress may subsequently choose to add to the park; and

 

WHEREAS, more than forty-six percent (46%) of the surface and more than sixty-nine percent (69%) of the subsurface resources of the state of Wyoming, as described by Wyoming's act of admission, remains under federal "title"; and

 

WHEREAS, lands and subsurface resources under federal title in the state of Wyoming are subject to a supreme and complete federal political jurisdiction without limitation, analogous to the municipal powers of the state itself, including police power, and also special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 7(3); and

 

WHEREAS, as a consequence of supreme and complete federal political jurisdiction without limitation over the aforementioned forty-six percent (46%) of the territorial extent of the state of Wyoming and over sixty-nine percent (69%) of its subsurface resources, the state can exercise no jurisdiction in those places in a sovereign and independent capacity and, for this reason, this land and these resources cannot be, and have never been, part of the sovereign and jurisdictional state of Wyoming despite the fact that this land and these resources were included, under Wyoming's act of admission, as being lands committed to the purpose of the new state; and

 

WHEREAS, in order that the sovereign and jurisdictional state of Wyoming may obtain equal footing as to political rights and sovereignty with the original states, to which it is entitled under the Admissions, Claims and Guarantee Clauses of the United States constitution, the federal title in the aforementioned land and resources must be extinguished by Congress in compliance with its constitutional mandate to dispose property under the Property Clause; and  

 

WHEREAS, continued failure on the part of Congress to fulfill its duty to dispose of the aforementioned land and resources has resulted in two constitutional violations including: 1. Congress has admitted into the Union of States an entity that is less than and different in dignity or power, from those political entities which constitute the Union, and 2. Congress is exercising over the aforementioned land and resources of the state of Wyoming a form of government that the United States Supreme Court has termed "repugnant to the constitution" and that is notoriously denied to the United States under the Tenth Amendment of the Bill of Rights.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WYOMING:

 

Section 1.  That the members of the Wyoming legislature commit to upholding article IV, section 3, clause 2 of the United States constitution and Wyoming's act of admission.

 

Section 2.  That the members of the Wyoming legislature demand that Congress confirm to the Wyoming Legislature, on or before October 1, 2025, its intent to dispose of the federal title in the aforementioned land and resources and its intent to do so in a manner as to subserve the long withheld sovereign interests of the people of the state of Wyoming.

 

Section 3.  That the members of the Wyoming legislature recognize this state's firmly established and popularly supported public land culture and economy that are integral to the state of Wyoming and therefore propose that the lands above mentioned be disposed of to the state of Wyoming and, thereby, be maintained as state public lands.

 

Section 4.  That the members of the Wyoming legislature recognize that the state of Wyoming has authority to absolve Congress of its constitutional duty to dispose of any portion or all of the former territorial lands remaining within this state's borders.  Accordingly, this legislature expresses its willingness to negotiate cession to Congress of the state's sovereign jurisdiction over any lands that may be mutually recognized as of national interest.

 

Section 5.  That the secretary of state of Wyoming transmit copies of this resolution to the President of the United States, to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States Congress and to each member of the Wyoming Congressional Delegation.

 

Thursday, January 16, 2025

Lex Anteinternet: The 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session, Part 4. The Feudal Masters Bill.

Lex Anteinternet: The 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session, Part 4. The ...: 

One craptacular one to watch:

2025

STATE OF WYOMING

25LSO-0361

 

 

 

HOUSE BILL NO. HB0109

 

 

Trespassing-suspend hunting license.

 

Sponsored by: Representative(s) Allemand and Campbell, K and Senator(s) French and Ide

 

 

A BILL

 

for

 

AN ACT relating to game and fish; prohibiting hunters who are convicted of trespassing on private land from purchasing hunting, fishing and trapping licenses as specified; requiring rulemaking; and providing for effective dates.

 

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

 

Section 1.  W.S. 23‑3‑305(b) is amended to read:

 

23‑3‑305.  Hunting from highway; entering or traveling through private property without permission; penalty; hunting at night without permission prohibited.

 

(b)  No person shall enter upon, travel through or return across the private property of any person to take wildlife, hunt, fish, collect antlers or horns, or trap without the permission of the owner or person in charge of the property. Violation of this subsection constitutes a low misdemeanor punishable as provided in W.S. 23‑6‑202(a)(v) shall result in the person losing hunting, fishing and trapping license privileges for two (2) years from the date of the violation in addition to the penalties. For purposes of this subsection, "travel through and or return across" requires physically touching or driving on the surface of the private property.

 

Section 2.  The game and fish commission shall promulgate all rules necessary to implement this act.

 

Section 3.  

 

(a)  Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this act is effective July 1, 2025.

 

(b)  Sections 2 and 3 of this act are effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

 

(END)

1

HB0109

This bill is bullshit.  It's notable that of the two persons whose names I recognize, both are from ranching families, at least kind of.  One ran on "less government, more freedom" (Ide). This bill is for more government and less freedom.

Last edition:

The 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session, Part 4. The Session Commences

Labels: 2020s, 2025, 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session, Art, hunting, Immigration, Public Land, The Liz Cheney Maxim, Trailing thread