Saturday, July 1, 1911. The Agadir Crisis commences.

Germany delivered the unwelcome news to France that Germany had dispatched the SMS Panther with troops to occupy Agadir, part of French Morocco, on the pretext that it was to protect German citizens there.

The action would bring Europe to the edge of war.

Australia introduced compulsory military service for men ages 12 to 26, although half were exempted in various ways.

The Jewish Literary Society was closed by Imperial authorities in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

It was a Saturday, and the Saturday before Independence Day.

Last edition:

Friday, June 30, 1911. The Navy acquires an airplane.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, Aircraft, Infantry, Morocco, Spain, Spanish Army, Spanish Empire, U.S. Navy

Friday, June 30, 1911. The Navy acquires an airplane.

The U.S. Navy acquired a Curtiss A-1 Triad, becoming the first navy the world to acquire an airplane.

The Fuerzas Regulares Indigenas, the "Regulares" was founded as an infantry battalion in the Spanish Army.  It was initially composed of Moroccan soldiers under the command of Spanish officers and it still sort of does in that the recruits are from two autonomous Spanish cities on the North African coast of Morocco.

Last edition:

Thursday, June 29, 1911. Maryknoll.

Labels: 1910s, 1911, Catholic, Christianity, Growing up in the 1960s, Growing up in the 1970s Introspection, Imperial Russian Navy, Judaism, Pope Pius X, Racism, religion, religious organizations, Russia, Siberia

Wednesday, May 26, 1926. Riffians surrender.

Flag of the Rif Republic.

The Riffians surrendered, bringing to an end the Rif War.

Last edition:

Tuesday, May 25, 1926. Ukrainian assassination in Paris.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Calvin Coolidge, Crime, law, Personalities, Russian Civil War, Ukraine, Ukrainian National Army

Friday, May 7, 1926. Resumed wars.

U.S. sailors landed at Bluefield, Nicaragua to protect U.S. citizens in the wake of revived fighting in a civil war.

French aircraft bombed Rif positions in Morocco as the Rif War resumed.

Last edition:

Saturday, May 1, 1926. Things labor on May Day.

Labels: 1920s, 1926, Art, Coal, Henry Ford, Industry, Labor unrest, May Day, Poland, United Kingdom, Work

Tuesday, January 27, 1976. Earthquake at Rawlins and the White Hall Flasher.

Today In Wyoming's History: January 27: 1976   A small earthquake occurred near Rawlins.

The White Hall flaster was arrested.

Oddly enough, "flashing" was a trend in the 1970s which continued on into the 1980s in the form of "streaking", running through a public area naked.  Comedic singer Ray Stevens even authored a song about it, "The Streak".

Laverne & Shirley premiered.

It was a spin off of Happy Days and ran until 1983. Depicting two single women employed in a brewery in Milwaukee for most of its run, it was set in the 1950s to early 1960s. The last season was set in Burbank, California.

I can't say that I was a fan.

The Royal Moroccan Army attacked the Algerian Army at Amgala.

The House passed a bill already passed by the Senate to ban the sale of US arms to or to provide aid to paramilitary groups in Angola.

Last edition:

Wednesday, January 21, 1976. Supersonic.

Labels: 1970s, 1976, Aircraft, Angola, Bahrain, Brazil, France, People's Air Force of Angola, Transportation, United Kingdom

Friday, November 14, 1975. The Madrid Accords.

By Tiris_al-Gharbiyya_Location.png: Н.Сидоров.Original uploader was Nicolay Sidorov at ru.wikipedia.derivative work: Spesh531 (talk) - Tiris_al-Gharbiyya_Location.png, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14966331

The Madrid Accords between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania set out six principles which would end Spanish presence in the territory of Spanish Sahara and arrange a temporary administration in the area pending a referendum.

Israeli troops pulled back from their positions in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula in accordance with the peace treat arranged in September.  As part of this they turned over the Ras Suhr oil fields captured in 1967 to the United Nations.  The US agreed to pay Israel $350,000,000 for the loss of oil revenue.

Last edition:

Tuesday, November 11, 1975. Angola independent and at war.

Labels: 1970s, 1975, Angola, Angolan Civil War, Australia, Blog Mirror, Politics, Portugal, Portuguese Empire, Veterans Day

Friday, October 2, 1925. Television.

The first television transmission was made in London.  The experimental broadcast was made by Scottish inventor John Logie Baird.

Spanish troops entered the Rif capital of Ajdir.

The Pact of the Vidoni Palace was signed at the Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli in Rome between the Fascist-dominated General Confederation of Italian Industry) (Confederazione Generale dell'Industria Italiana or CGI) and the Fascist-controlled National Confederation of Trade Union Corporations labor union.  It abolished all other unions, including Catholic and Socialist unions, and gave the government effectively corporatist control, on the fascist model, of labor.

200 feet of the roof on the western end of the Church Hill Tunnel, Virginia collapsed killing 40 workers.

La Revue Nègre featuring Josephine Baker’s comic Charleston opened in Paris. Baker became a huge success overnight.

Baker was an enormous talent.  Her shows of the era likely wouldn't have been legal in much of the United States due to the nudity or near nudity that they featured.

Last edition:

Monday, September 28, 1925. Senators meet with Coolidge.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, Agriculture, baseball, Calvin Coolidge, Daily Living, Montana, Sports

Friday, September 18, 1925. American Education Week.

Sultan Yusef of Morocco put a $25,000 bounty on the head of Rif leader Abd el-Krim.

Calvin Coolidge issued a proclamation establishing American Education Week.

Education is becoming well-nigh universal in America. The rapidity of its expansion within the past half century has no precedent. Our system of public instruction, administered by State and local officers, is peculiarly suited to our habits of life and to our plan of government, and it has brought forth abundant fruit.

In some favored localities only one, two, or three persons in a thousand between the ages of 16 and 20 are classed as illiterate. High schools and academies easily accessible are offering to the youth of America a greater measure of education than that which the founders of the Nation received from Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, and Princeton; and so widely diffused has advanced study become that the bachelor’s degree is no longer a symbol of unusual learning.

All this is reason for gratification; but in the contemplation of worthy achievement we must still be mindful that full provision has not yet been made throughout the country for education of either elementary, secondary, or higher grade. Large numbers have not been reached by the blessings of education. The efficiency of the schools in rural communities is, in general, relatively low; too often their equipment is meagre, their teachers poorly prepared, and their terms short. High schools, notwithstanding their extraordinary growth, have not kept pace with the demand for instruction; even in great cities many students are restricted to half-time attendance, and in outlying districts such schools are frequently insufficient in number or inadequate in quality. In higher education the possibilities of existing institutions have been reached and it is essential that their facilities be extended or that junior colleges in considerable numbers be established.

These deficiencies leave no room for complacency. The utmost endeavor must be exerted to provide for every child in the land the full measure of education which his need and his capacity demand; and none must be permitted to live in ignorance. Marked benefit has come in recent years from nation-wide campaigns for strengthening public sentiment for universal education, for upholding the hands of constituted school authorities, and for promoting meritorious legislation in behalf of the schools. Such revivals are wholesome and should continue.

Now, therefore, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States, do proclaim the week beginning November sixteenth as American Education Week, and I urge that it be observed throughout the United States. I recommend that the Governors of the several States issue proclamations setting forth the necessity of education to a free people and requesting that American Education Week be appropriately celebrated in their respective States. I urge further that local officers, civic, social, and religious organizations, and citizens of every occupation contribute with all their strength to the advance of education, and that they make of American Education Week a special season of mutual encouragement in promoting that enlightenment upon which the welfare of the Nation depends.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done in the City of Washington on this 18th day of September in the year of our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Twenty-five and of the Independence of the United States the One Hundred and Fiftieth.

Last edition:

Thursday, September 17, 1925. Establishment of the Polish Orthodox Church.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, 1940s, 1948, Apostolic Christianity, Christianity, Communism, French Air Force, French Foreign Legion, Great Syrian Revolt, Morocco, Orthodox, Polish Orthodox Church, religion, Rif War, Syria

Thursday, September 17, 1925. Establishment of the Polish Orthodox Church.

The Eastern Orthodox Church granted autocephaly to the Polish Orthodox Church.  The church has approximately 500,000 members today, of which 156,000 live in Poland.

Metropolitan Dionysius, head of the Polish Orthodox Church in 1925.  He'd be removed due to Communist pressure in 1948.

The Escadrille Cherifienne, a French Foreign Legion unit composed of Americans, bombarded the city of Chefchaouen, considered a holy shrine of the Jebala people.

Syrian rebels attack Al-Musayfirah.  The attack was at first successful but deployment of the French Air Force caused the rebels to withdraw.

Last edition:

Wednesday, September 16, 1925. B. B. King born.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, 1925 at the movies, Communists, Movies, Music, Personalities, The Blues

Tuesday, September 8, 1925. Armor landed at Al Hoceima

The first amphibious landing of armor occured at Alhucemas Bay in Morocco.  This Spanish landing was successful.

The Rif War would soon end.

Press Conference, September 8, 1925

Washington D. C. building heights were discussed.

Last edition:

Monday, September 7, 1925. Failed landing at Al Hoceima.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, Black Shirts, British Empire, China, Fascism, Italy, Labor Day, Morocco, Morocco (Al Hoceima), Nellie Tayloe Ross, Rif War, Shanghai, Spanish Army, Wyoming (Casper)

Monday, September 7, 1925. Failed landing at Al Hoceima.

It was Labor Day.

Nolan Motors, I'd note, was still in business into the 1990s.

The Spanish Army attempted to make an amphibious landing at Alhucemas Bay at Spanish Morocco.  It was a complete and disastrous failure.

General Maurizio Ferrante Gonzaga was appointed by Prime Minister Mussolini as the Commandant-General of the Fascist Party's Voluntary Militia for National Security (MSVN),  the "Blackshirts".

British troops fired on Chinese protesters at Shanghai.

Last edition:

Saturday, September 5, 1925. Picnic Etiquette

Labels: 1680s, 1688, 1920s, 1925, Art, Calvin Coolidge, Cartoons, Catholic, Christianity, Ethel Hays, French Empire, New York, religion, Weather

Monday, August 31, 1925. Bombing Ajdir.

French and Spanish ships and planes bombarded Ajdir, the Moroccan town on the Mediterranean that served as the capital of the Rif Republic.

Peruvian aviator Alejandro Velasco Astete became the first person to fly over the Andes.

The Navy was attempting to break a speed record.

Last edition:

Thursday, August 27, 1925. The Hat Revolution.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, Clothing, Hat Revolution, Islam, law, Marriage, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, religion, The relationship between men and women, Young Turks

Wednesday, July 8, 1925. Riffian assault.

Riffians launched an offensive against Fes.

Ralph Samuelson became the first person to perform a ski jump on water.

Antonio Genna of the Genna crime family became the third member of the Genna brothers to be shot to death in less than two months in the ongoing war with Capone's North Side Gang.

Pioneering photographer Clarence Hudson White of the Photo-Secession movement died.  He photographed dreamy female portraits, including nudes which debatably crossed into pornography, emphasizing, perhaps, an ongoing and developing problem in the age of film.

Last edition:

Thursday, July 2, 1925. Nikolai Goitsyn executed.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, Communism, Monarchy, Russia, USSR

Monday, April 13, 1925. Renewed Riffian War, Follow the Yellow Brick Road.

Abd el-Krim of the Riffians attacked French forces in Morocco renewing the Riffian War.

Newfoundland granted women the right to vote.  It was not yet part of Canada.

Ford Air Transport Service, the first dedicated cargo airline, began operations with a Stout 2-AT Pullman airplane transporting 1,000 pounds of freight from Detroit to Chicago.

The Larry Semon-directed version of the film The Wizard of Oz was released. Semon himself starred as the Scarecrow, Dorothy Dwan as Dorothy, and comedian Oliver Hardy as the Tin Man.

Last edition:

Easter Sunday, April 12, 1925. Metropolitan Peter of Krutitsy (Pyotr Fyodorovich Polyansky) installed as the Patriarch of Moscow.

Labels: 1920s, 1925, 1930s, 1937, Apostolic Christianity, Boxer Rebellion, China, Christianity, France, Greek Orthodox Church, Railroads, Russian Orthodox Church, United Kingdom, USSR

Wednesday, June 10, 1914. The Zaian War and orphans in Texas.

French forces number 14,000 men attacked the Moroccan stronghold of Mouha ou Hammou Zayani at Khenifra, Morocco.

Last prior edition:

Sunday, June 7, 1914. Red Week

Labels: 1910s, 1914, Christianity, Italy, Ohio, Ohio (Canton), panoramic, Protestant, Red Week, religion, Women