An an 8,000 Boer force defeated a 25,000 British contingent in the Battle of Spion Kop. The British took 243 dead and 1,250 wounded, and 300 captured. The Boers 68 killed and 267 wounded.
The assault was badly made by the British, failing to appreciate the nature of modern rifle fire.
A council of the Chinese "Grand Councillors, Grand Secretaries and Presidents of the Board" agreed that the Guangxu Emperor should abdicate. P'u Ch'un, age 14, was announced as heir apparent to the throne.
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