Friday, July 1, 2011

Saturday, July 1, 1911. The Agadir Crisis commences.

Germany delivered the unwelcome news to France that Germany had dispatched the SMS Panther with troops to occupy Agadir, part of French Morocco, on the pretext that it was to protect German citizens there.


The action would bring Europe to the edge of war.

Australia introduced compulsory military service for men ages 12 to 26, although half were exempted in various ways.

The Jewish Literary Society was closed by Imperial authorities in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

It was a Saturday, and the Saturday before Independence Day.



Last edition:

Friday, June 30, 1911. The Navy acquires an airplane.

Thursday, June 30, 2011

Friday, June 30, 1911. The Navy acquires an airplane.

The U.S. Navy acquired a Curtiss A-1 Triad, becoming the first navy the world to acquire an airplane.

The Fuerzas Regulares Indigenas, the "Regulares" was founded as an infantry battalion in the Spanish Army.  It was initially composed of Moroccan soldiers under the command of Spanish officers and it still sort of does in that the recruits are from two autonomous Spanish cities on the North African coast of Morocco.

Last edition:

Thursday, June 29, 1911. Maryknoll.

Wednesday, June 29, 2011

Thursday, June 29, 1911. Maryknoll.

The Catholic Foreign Missionary Society of America,  the Maryknoll Society, was founded, with approval granted by Pope Pius X.

When I was a kid my parents received their magazine, something I have not thought of for decades.

Russia launched the Sevastopol. T he dreadnought was the largest warship in the world at the time.

Jewish fur buyers were admitted to the fur sales at Tyumen in Siberia for the first time following a request by the U.S. Embassy in Russia to Premier Pyotr Stolypin. The occupation was one traditionally occupied by Jews, but had been prohibited at Tyumen.

Last edition:

Wednesday, June 26, 1911. Wisconsin income tax, First black NYPD policemen, Woodmen camp, Meteorite falls.

Tuesday, June 28, 2011

Wednesday, June 26, 1911. Wisconsin income tax, First black NYPD policemen, Woodmen camp, Meteorite falls.

Wisconsin's legislature approved a state income tax, the first state to do so.

The Nakhla meteorite, later determined to have a Martian origin, fell in Egypt at about 9:00 am, near the city of El-Nakhla outside of Alexandria, with 10 kilograms (22 pounds) of mass breaking into forty pieces.  Some claim it shows signs of microbial alteration.


Samuel J. Battle was sworn in as the NYPD’s first Black police officer.

The Modern Woodmen of North America were camping in Buffalo, New York.


Last edition:

Saturday, June 24, 1911. Zapata in Mexico City.

Saturday, June 18, 2011

Communications and Road Miles


I had a fairly typical experience, and a bit of an odd experience, yesterday which calls to mind the topic of this blog.

Yesterday I went to my office, then to Sheridan Wyoming, then to Ranchester Wyoming, and back.

On the way to Ranchester, we passed two Rolls Royce touring cars. The Silver Ghost type of car, really old ones. They were, of course, premium touring cars in their day, which would have been basically the years on both sides of World War One. Huge automobiles.

The trip basically entailed about 170 miles of travel one way, or a grand trip, in one day of about 300 or so miles. We were home by dinner.

On the way back, I pulled over by the Midwest exit where there was cell reception to make a work call to an attorney in Gillette, WY. My son took this photograph while I was doing that.

What does this have to do with anything?

Well, in a century's time, communications and travel have been so revolutionized that they've radically impacted the way those in my field, in this location, do business. A century ago I would not have taken a day trip to Sheridan and Ranchester. For that matter, while I could easily have gone from Sheridan to Ranchester, most summers, a century ago, that would likely have pretty much been a day trip in and of itself. No, an attorney, if he ever had any cause to go to Sheridan from Casper, would have taken a train. Most likely, you'd take the train up one day, and back the next.

A very adventurous person, if they owned a car, might have driven up to Sheridan, but it would have taken all day. And you would have stayed upon arriving.

This year, I suspect, the travel by car of that type, on roads of that era, would have been impossible. Everything is flooding. I doubt a person could have driven in these conditions from Sheridan to Ranchester. You might have had to take the train to do that. The rail line does run though both towns, then up to Garryowen, and on to Billings. It did then as well.

Even in the mid 20th Century this would have been a long road trip, but you could have done it in a day.

But even the telephone aspect of this didn't exist when I first practiced law, some 20 years ago. That's entirely new. It effectively makes your car your office. As internet connections continue to improve, very often you have internet service darned near everywhere for that matter.

An improvement, or just the way things are?

Monday, June 6, 2011

Tuesday, June 6, 1911. Advancing on Baja.

The governor of Chihuahua announced that Madero's troops, now in Mexican federal service, and Federal troops would march on Baja California.  He appealed to volunteers to help.

Mexican Gen. Manuel Mondragón Montenegro applied for a patent for a bayonet for his semi automatic rifle, which had been adopted by Mexico in 1908, although only a limited number of the rifles were in service by 1911.

Teenage and juvenile cigarette factory workers, Danville, Virginia, June 6, 1911.

Last edition:

Monday, June 5, 1911. Colorado adopts its flag.

Sunday, June 5, 2011

Monday, June 5, 1911. Colorado adopts its flag.

 

Colorado adopted its apparently popular flag.  I've always thought this flag a bit lacking, but that's not the widespread view.

Ho Chi Minh boarded the French ship L'Admiral Latouche Tréville on his way to France.  He'd taken a job on the ship as part of the kitchen staff.

Last edition:

Saturday, June 3, 1911. Magonistas elect Mosby.

Friday, June 3, 2011

Saturday, June 3, 1911. Magonistas elect Mosby.

Curtiss Farnum biplane, Wenatchee, Washington, June 3, 1911

Jack Mosby, an IWW member, deserter from the United States Marine Corps, and son of the Confederal general, won an election for the position of Magonistas commander in Baja California, which the Magonistas had declared the region an independent People's Republic the day prior.   

The Magonistas were struggling with internal politics and a lack of supplies, which was preventing them from advancing on Federal forces in the rest of Baja California, which they wished to take in defiance of the surrender of the Diaz government to Madero. 

Delaware Water Gap, Pa., June 3, 1911.

Last edition:

Friday, June 2, 1911. Post revolution journeys.


Thursday, June 2, 2011

Friday, June 2, 1911. Post revolution journeys.

Madero left El Paso on a Southern Pacific train which took him to Spofford Junction, Texas.  He crossed the border there into Mexico where he boarded another train on his trip to Mexico City to meet interim Mexican President de la Barra.

Prominent Porfiristas José Ives Limantour, Guillermo de Landa y Escandón and Leopoldo Batres left Mexico City en route to destinations in the United States and Europe where they'd go into exile.

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, was incorporated.


Houston, Texas, June 2, 1911.

Last edition:

Wednesday, May 31, 1911. "Moriré en México"

Tuesday, May 31, 2011

Wednesday, May 31, 1911. "Moriré en México"

Porfirio Díaz, declaring "Moriré en México" (I shall die in Mexico), departed the country forever on board the steamer Ypiranga.

His statement, which seems delusional now, was not wholly irrational.  Large elements of the Mexican Army supported him, and Mexico's prior history had seen at least one exiled leader, Antonio López de Santa Anna, return.

The White Star liner RMS Titanic was launched from Belfast at 12:13 pm. The ship was incomplete and was towed to a berth to have its superstructure and the interior completed.

Terrorists bombed the Nicaraguan Army barracks at Fort La Loma, killing 130.

Last edition:

Tuesday, May 30, 1911. The first Indianapolis 500.

Monday, May 30, 2011

Tuesday, May 30, 1911. The first Indianapolis 500.

The very first Indianapolis 500 race occured.  Ray Harroun won driving a Marmon Wasp, a car built by his employer, which achieved an average speed of 74.59 mph.

Harroun.

Harroun was the only driver who did not also have a mechanic in the car.

Sam Dickson, a mecahnic, was killed in wreck when the front wheels came off the car in which he was riding.

Lingering feelings about the revolution in Mexico resulted in a death in Texas.


Last edition:

Saturday, May 27, 1911. A prediction of peace.

Friday, May 27, 2011

Knowing, or not, what we think we know.

An old thread, now revived, on SMH.

This thread fits in well with this blog, and is almost the theme of it. But, in general, how much do we really know of the routine of any one era? News tends to feature the rare, unusual, uncommon, or noteworthy, not the ordinary. But news in some ways tends to be what ends up being recorded as history.

The story of German horse use during World War Two is a good example. In popular histories, it tends to be reported that the German army of WWII was a mechanized, modern army. That's partially true, but to a much greater extent it was a hiking and horse using army. By war's end, it was the least mechanized army fighting in Europe.

Why is that not often noted? Well, the German propaganda machine would have had no interest in noting that, and every interest in emphasizing mechanization. Allied reports, for their part, would have emphasized the terrifying and dramatic. So, our view is not entirely accurate from the common sources.

Saturday, May 27, 1911. A prediction of peace.

The News noted Diaz's departure, but its prediction of peace would prove to be premature, although that would not happen immediately by any means.

The news was advertising "fish trains", which is something that had never occurred to me in any fashion.


Colliers was asking questions about newspapers.


Last edition:

Friday, May 26, 1911. Leaving Mexico.


Thursday, May 26, 2011

Friday, May 26, 1911. Leaving Mexico.

The Díaz family, accompanied by relatives, servants, and a military escort, left for the port of Veracruz in the early morning hours.

The news of the government's surrender was hitting the papers.


Last edition:

Thursday, May 25, 1911. Díaz resigns and USS Wyoming launched.

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

Thursday, May 25, 1911. Díaz resigns and USS Wyoming launched.

The long dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz came to an end with his resignation.  At 4:25 p.m. the Chamber of Deputies accepted it, and the resignation of his Vice President, Ramón Corral.

Born in 1830, Diaz had initially studied to become a priest but eventually switched his studies to law.  He served under Benito Juarez in the war against France in which he proved to be an effective military officer.  He seized power in in a coup in 1876, and was elected to office the following year, serving until 1880.  He resumed holding the office in 1884.  The period of 1876 to 1911 is generally regarded as one of continual rule by Diaz and is referred to as the Porfirismo.

Diaz was actually a surprisingly good leader and granted Mexico a long period of stability and economic reform.  His rule favored industry and technocrats.  Wealth generally increased and there was some advancement of the rights of the underclass, but he was generally conservative in his overall approach.  He was on generally friendly terms with the Church, which is not surprising given his early life.

He'd be well remembered today if it wasn't for his inability to trust anyone else to run the country.  

He went into exile in France with his wife and son, the only child from two marriages and one affair that lived until adulthood.  Ramón Corral was already in Europe seeking medical attention for terminal cancer and went into exile in France.

Francisco León de la Barra y Quijano became the Provisional President of Mexico.

Diaz provides a warning about leaders and movements based on a leader assuming that only one man can advance them.  His long reign ended up not only ending in an unnecessary revolution, but radicalizing both his supporters and opponents.

The USS Wyoming was launched.

USS Wyoming in its original configuration.

The second US vessel to that date to bear the name Wyoming, the battleship would serve until 1947.

Last edition:

Wednesday, May 24, 1911. Magonistas say no to the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez.

Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Wednesday, May 24, 1911. Magonistas say no to the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez.

The Colorado National Monument was established.

U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Franklin MacVeagh endorsed the plan of the National Monetary Commission to create the Federal Reserve Board in a speech in Kansas City.

Magonistas in far western Mexico announced that they refused to accept the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez.

Last edition:

Sunday, May 21, 1911. The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez brings the first stage of the Mexican Revolution to an end.

Saturday, May 21, 2011

Sunday, May 21, 1911. The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez brings the first stage of the Mexican Revolution to an end.

The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez was signed ending the first stage of the Mexican Revolution. 

The treaty provided that Porfirio Díaz and vice president Ramón Corral were to resign by the end of May, and that he was to be replaced by Francisco León de la Barra as interim president who would hold hold presidential elections. 

Díaz's advisors had convinced him to end the resistance to the revolution which they saw as futile, and also because they feared it would become increasingly radical and damage their economic position.  Large landowners particularly feared that widespread land redistribution would become inevitable if the war was not ended.

The overall terms of the treaty were remarkably mild, and provided for a general amnesty to all former revolutionaries and demobilization of revolutionary forces. The Mexican Army was to remain intact, which would prove to be a mistake. Madero and his supporters were granted the right to appoint fourteen provisional state governors and to approve the Interim President's cabinet selections.  The Mexican civil service, including judges, state legislators, and local officials remained in place.  Pensions for the families of Federal soldiers killed in the revolution were to be created.

This reflected Madero's nature, and was admirable, but would prove to be a mistake.  Leaving the enemies of democracy, from defeated Confederates of the American Civil War, to Donald Trump the insurrectionist, unpunished, only leads to their desire to regain the ground they lost.

Last edition:

Saturday, May 20, 1911. Imperial China takes out a loan.

Friday, May 20, 2011

Saturday, May 20, 1911. Imperial China takes out a loan.

Mexican revolutionaries, May 20, 1911.

The future of Mexico still stood in balance, in spite of a cease fire in anticipation of Diaz stepping down.

The Hukuang Loan Agreement was signed between the Chinese government and a four nation consortium.  The agreement would be a factor leading to a rebellion against the monarchy later that year, with China having only become a constitutional monarchy on May 8.


Last edition:

Friday, May 19, 1911. Parks Canada established.