Thursday, April 18, 1901. Winding down in the Philippines, start of the Dead Ball Era.

Secretary of War Elihu Root ordered the withdrawal of 40,000 troops and from the Philippines in light of the decline in fighting there.  On the same day, President McKinley ordered that no further recruitments for overseas service be made.

Portugal secularized religious institutions in that country, but allowed them to remain occupied by their former owners if they were engaged in Christian work and activities.

The National Council of French Women was formed, uniting various French women's organizations.

The German occupied Beijing place of Empress Dowager Cixi caught on fire and burned down.  A senior German officer died when he went back in the building to attempt to rescue his dog.

The 1901 Major League Baseball series opened.  This commenced the "Dead Ball Era".

Last edition:

Monday, April 15, 1901. Colonel Maximo Abad surrendered to the US forces in the Philippines.

Labels: 1900, 1901, Filipino Army, Philippine Insurrection, Philippines

Monday, April 15, 1901. Colonel Maximo Abad surrendered to the US forces in the Philippines.

Colonel Maximo Abad surrendered to the US forces in the Philippines. 

Last edition:

Friday, April 12, 1901. Cutting indemnification by China in half.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Boxer Rebellion, China, Diplomacy, Eight Nation Alliance, Qing Dynasty

Friday, April 12, 1901. Cutting indemnification by China in half.

The United States proposed that Chinese indemnification for the Boxer Rebellion be cut in half.

Last edition;

Tuesday, April 9, 1901. Navy base in Mexico.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Art, Baja California, Bison, Coal, Currency, Mexican War, Mexico, Mexico (Pichilinque), pornography, Sex, U.S. Navy, Women

Tuesday, April 9, 1901. Navy base in Mexico.

The U.S. Navy established its first foreign base, a coaling station at Pichilinque, Mexico, on Baja California.

The location has previously been used by the Navy during the Mexican War.  Baja was otherwise unoccupied by the US during the war, interestingly enough, giving a view of the 19th Century mindset.

The US changed the design for paper currency, introducing a ten dollar bill with a spectacular engraving of a Bison and also featuring Lewis and Clark flanked by two young women with see through blouses.

Erotic and semi erotic engravings of women were common on currency and seals at the time.  It's hard to know now why this was the case, but it was.  Indeed, it created an early controversy in Wyoming over the state seal as an early governor backed a seal with an excessively erotic topless woman over the opposition of the legislature.

Last edition:

Thursday, April 4, 1901. Zulus in action.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Boer War, South Africa, Zulu people

Thursday, April 4, 1901. Zulus in action.

Mankulumana, chief adviser to Dinuzulu, king of the Zulu nation, led newly armed Zulu troops to assist the British Army against the Boers in the Vryheid district of the South African Republic.

Last edition:

Tuesday, April 2, 1901. News Carver meets his end.

Labels: 1900, 1901, Bitter Enders, Boer Armies, Boer War, law, Personalities, South Africa, Texas, Texas (Sonora), The Wild Bunch

Tuesday, April 2, 1901. News Carver meets his end.

The United Kingdom extended the military court system over Boer guerillas.

The British were turning increasingly desperate, and harsh, in their effort to put down the ongoing resistance of Boer Bitter Enders.

William Carver of the Wild Bunch was killed in Jack Owens' Bakery in Sonora, Texas, by Sheriff E. S. "Lige" Briant and his deputies while attempting to effect an arrest for suspicion of murder.

Carver was one of the individuals in the famous Fort Worth portrait from 1900 and went by the nickname "News".

Last edition:

Monday, April 1, 1901. Aguinaldo consents.

Labels: 1900, 1901, British Empire, Cuba, Emilio Aguinaldo, Holy Monday, Labor unrest, Lent, Leonard Wood, Nigeria, Philippine Insurrection, Philippines, Prisoners of War, Scotland, Slavery

Monday, April 1, 1901. Aguinaldo consents.

Emilio Aguinaldo, Prisoner of War and formerly the president of the Philippine Republic, signed an oath of allegiance to the United States.

General Leonard Wood, the American military governor of Cuba, refused to certify the selection of Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso as the Mayor of Havana in spite of his having been chosen by the city council in a 12–10 vote.

Scottish laborers walked off the job seeking an eight hour day.

British Governor of Northern Nigeria Sir Frederick Lugard outlawed the future purchase or sale of slaves, the return of a runaway slave to his master.

Currently enslaved people and concubines were not freed and could continue to be sold.

It was Holy Monday on the new calendar.

Last edition:

Saturday, March 30, 1901. Boer captures.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Art, Boer War, Easter

Saturday, March 30, 1901. Boer captures.

The Saturday Evening Post anticipated Easter.

The British Army captured Boer Commandant Joachim Prinsloo at Standarton.  Boer Commandant Engelbrecht surrendered in South Africa.

Last edition:

Wednesday, March 27, 1901. Surrenders on Mindanao.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Boer War, Morocco, Personalities, Philippine Insurrection, U.S. Navy, Zulu people

Wednesday, March 27, 1901. Surrenders on Mindanao.

General Nicolas Capistrano, leader of the Philippine army on Mindanao, surrendered to U.S. Army General William Kobbé, after Captain John J. Pershing arranged the meeting.  

Gen. Capistrano.

Gen. Capistrano was a successful lawyer in civilian life who would go on to a successful post war career in that field and in politics.  Interestingly, he faded from public view after 1920 and the later details of his life, including the date of his death, are unknown. 

Zulu warriors were armed in the Nqutu and Nkandhla districts of Zululand and placed under British command in a situation that effectively made them partisan rangers.

Secretary of the Navy John Davis Long terminated orders for the USS New York to use force against Morocco to enforce private American claims to property.  The ship was redirected to the Philippines.

Last edition:

Monday, March 25, 1901. Arming the Zulus.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Alabama (Burmingham), Boer War, Disaster, Weather, Zulu people

Monday, March 25, 1901. Arming the Zulus.

Zululand was placed under martial law and orders given to supply the Zulus north of the Thukela with arms and ammunition in defense against the Boers.

Birmingham was hit by a devastating tornado.

Last edition:

Saturday, March 23, 1901. Capturing Aguinaldo.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Alcohol, Army, Collaborators, Conscription, Emilio Aguinaldo, France, Frederick Funston, French Army, French Empire, Philippine Army, Philippine Insurrection, Prohibition, Russia

Saturday, March 23, 1901. Capturing Aguinaldo.

A small part of troops, including Filipino collaborators, captured Emilio Aguinaldo after deploying a ruse causing the collaborators to be admitted into Aguinaldo's camp.

The insurrection was already winding down, but Aguinaldo's capture would accelerate that.

Russia chose not to enforce a law which conscripted protesting students, which indeed would have been a bad move.  

A law requiring the conscription of military age politicians and their children in the even of armed conflict lasing more than a week, however, would be a great idea.

France banned the sale of alcohol in overseas military posts.

Last edition:

Thursday, March 21, 1901. Surrenders on Panay.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, boats and ships, British Antarctic Expedition, Maine, Nikola Tesla, Philippine Insurrection, Solar Energy

Thursday, March 21, 1901. Surrenders on Panay.

 Philippine Insurrectionist on Panay began to surrender under orders from Ananías Diokno.

The RRS Discovery, a British National Antarctic Expedition ship was launched.  She was the last wooden three masted ship to be built in the United Kingdom.

Nikola Tesla applied for the patent for "Apparatus for the Utilization of Radiant Energy" that being "a machine to capture the sun's cosmic rays and turn them into electricity".

Maine adopted a flag.

Last edition:

Wednesday, March 20, 1901. Selbsttäuschung

Labels: 1900s, 1901, 1930s, 1933, Espionage, German Kriegsmarine, Massachusetts (Boston), Personalities, World War One

Wednesday, March 20, 1901. Selbsttäuschung

Engaging in a massive act of self delusion on behalf of the German Navy, Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz accompanied the ship SMS Vineta to Boston to scout out possible German landing sites for an American invasion.

He's serve after the Great War as the Kaiser Wilhelm II's adjutant until retiring.  He died at age 69 in 1933.

Last edition:

Saturday, March 16, 1901. Boers reject British surrender terms.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Boer War, Cape Colony, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Louis Botha, Philippine Army, Philippine Insurrection

Saturday, March 16, 1901. Boers reject British surrender terms.

Louis Botha informed Lord Kitchener of the Boer rejection of British peace terms.  The sticking points were British demands that blacks receive full citizenship and a rejection of full amnesty to Boer Leaders in the Cape Colony.

Gen. Mariano Trias surrendered to the U.S in the Philippines.

It was a Saturday.

Last edition:

Friday, March 15, 1901. U.S. troops out of Beijing, Ballie Crutchfield murdered.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Art, Boxer Rebellion, China, China (Beijing), Racism

Friday, March 15, 1901. U.S. troops out of Beijing, Ballie Crutchfield murdered.

American troops were ordered to withdraw from Beijing as the Boxer Rebellion was over, and we aren't an imperialist power.

African American woman Ballie Crutchfield was lynched as the mob could not find her brother, whom they wished to.

Her brother was sought in regard to a matter over the ownership of a wallet.  Ms. Crutchfield was seized, shot in the back of the head, and thrown in a creek.  No one was arrested for her murder.

The first Van Gogh retrospective was given for the late artist.

I'll be frank, I'm not that much of a Van Gogh fan.

Last edition:

Wednesday, March 13, 1901 Death of Harrison, Carnegie starts funding libraries.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Andrew Carnegie, Arizona, Arizona Rangers, Benjamin Harrison, Disease, German Army, police, The wealthy, The written word

Wednesday, March 13, 1901 Death of Harrison, Carnegie starts funding libraries.

Former President Benjamin Harrison, 1889 to 1893, died at age 67 from pneumonia.

Harrison in 1896, age 62, at which time he already looked like he was in his mid 70s by contemporary standards.

Harrison was a lawyer and a farmer, and served as a Union General during the Civil War.

In reply to an inquiry by Admiral Otto von Diederichs, and at the request of Kaiser Wilhelm, Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen sent his calculations for the force necessary to invade and defeat the United States.

He calculated it would take over 200,000 men even to get started, and still a lot more than that.

His reply was not well received.

Andrew Carnegie, who had just sold his stock in Carnegie Steel, commenced on his funding of libraries.

The Arizona Rangers were established.

Last edition:

Tuesday, March 12, 1901. No aid.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Donald Trump, Health, Russia, South Africa, South Africa (Cape Town), The written word

Tuesday, March 12, 1901. No aid.

Almost all black African residents of Cape Town, South Africa, were forcibly removed by orders of John Gregory, the Chief Medical Officer of Britain's Cape Colony, for the ostensible purpose of controlling an outbreak of the bubonic plague and quarantined at the Matiland Plague Hospital at Uitvlugt.

The Russian Writers' Union for Mutual Aid was ordered permanently disbanded by Dmitry Sipyagin, the Minister of Internal Affairs, after officers of the group had participated in a political demonstration a week earlier.

Have you heard Trump's comments about the press?

Last edition:

Monday, March 11, 1901. Tourism and Hawaii.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Army, boats and ships, Diplomacy, Hawaii, Hawaii (Honolulu), Internment of Japanese, Lodging, Pennsylvania, Petroleum, Philippine Insurrection, Texas, Tourism, United Kingdom, United States, World War Two

Monday, March 11, 1901. Tourism and Hawaii.

The era of major tourist hotels started in Hawaii, when the Moana Hotel opened on Waikiki Beach.

The hotel remains in business today.

Cpt. Ralph Van Deman started identity files for Filipino persons of interest, starting what is a basic intelligence methods.  He'd go on to become the director of the United States Department of War's Military Intelligence Section.  During World War Two, as a civilian, he was an ardent opponent of Japanese internment.

The tanker Atlas departed from Port Arthur, Texas, with 3,000 barrels of crude oil from the Spindletop oil fields, bound for the Standard Oil refineries in Philadelphia, marking the first shipments of Texas oil.

The United Kingdom rejected the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty, as amended by the United States Senate, because the Senate voted to fortify any canal built across Central America between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Last edition:

Sunday, March 10, 1901. Blood rain.

Labels: 1900s, 1901, Italy, Sicily, Weather