Wednesday, January 20, 1909. Pontiac

 

January 20, 1909 – GM buys into Oakland Motor Car Company, later becomes Pontiac

Saturday, January 16, 1909. The Magnetic South Pole.

Edgeworth David, Douglas Mawson and Alistair Mackay became the first people to reach the South Magnetic Pole, after calculating where it would be in 24 hours and allowing it to drift to them.

Wednesday, January 13, 1909. A 100 Mile Ride.

President Theodore Roosevelt, having actually just been censured but determined to demonstrate his prowess in his remaining months in office, set off on a 100-mile horseback ride, accompanied by his military aid Captain Archibald Butt, Navy Surgeon General Presley M. Rixey, and Surgeon C. D. Grayson.

He left at 3:40 a.m., just about the same time in the morning I started typing this, from Warrenton, Virginia and returned to the White House, having completed the ride, at 8:40 that evening.  Asked for a quote from a reporter, he stated, "It was bully."

More on that event:

Roosevelt’s Ride

Carrie Nation was arrested at Newcastle upon Tyne for vandalizing a British pub. Nation, on a visit to the United Kingdom, was later released on bail.

Marinus van der Lubbe, charged with the burning of the Reichstag in 1933, was born in Leiden, Netherlands.

Monday, January 11, 1909. The Boundary Waters Treaty, Electoral College chooses Taft.

The Boundary Waters Treat regulating use of waters shared by the United States and Canada was signed by U.S. Secretary of State Elihu Root and British Ambassador to the United States James Bryce, at Root's home.

It provided:

Treaty relating to Boundary Waters and Questions arising along the Boundary between Canada and the United States, signed at Washington, January 11, 1909

His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and the United States of America, being equally desirous to prevent disputes regarding the use of boundary waters and to settle all questions which are now pending between the United States and the Dominion of Canada involving the rights, obligations, or interests of either in relation to the other or to the inhabitants of the other, along their common frontier, and to make provision for the adjustment and settlement of all such questions as may hereafter arise, have resolved to conclude a treaty in furtherance of these ends, and for that purpose have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries:

His Britannic Majesty, the Right Honourable James Bryce, O.M., his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Washington; and

The President of the United States of America, Elihu Root, Secretary of State of the United States;

Who, after having communicated to one another their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

Preliminary Article

For the purposes of this treaty boundary waters are defined as the waters from main shore to main shore of the lakes and rivers and connecting waterways, or the portions thereof, along which the international boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada passes, including all bays, arms, and inlets thereof, but not including tributary waters which in their natural channels would flow into such lakes, rivers, and waterways, or waters flowing from such lakes, rivers, and waterways, or the waters of rivers flowing across the boundary.

Article I

The High Contracting Parties agree that the navigation of all navigable boundary waters shall forever continue free and open for the purposes of commerce to the inhabitants and to the ships, vessels, and boats of both countries equally, subject, however, to any laws and regulations of either country, within its own territory, not inconsistent with such privilege of free navigation and applying equally and without discrimination to the inhabitants, ships, vessels, and boats of both countries.

It is further agreed that so long as this treaty shall remain in force, this same right of navigation shall extend to the waters of Lake Michigan and to all canals connecting boundary waters, and now existing or which may hereafter be constructed on either side of the line. Either of the High Contracting Parties may adopt rules and regulations governing the use of such canals within its own territory and may charge tolls for the use thereof, but all such rules and regulations and all tolls charged shall apply alike to the subjects or citizens of the High Contracting Parties and the ships, vessels, and boats of both of the High Contracting Parties, and they shall be placed on terms of equality in the use thereof.

Article II

Each of the High Contracting Parties reserves to itself or to the several State Governments on the one side and the Dominion or Provincial Governments on the other as the case may be, subject to any treaty provisions now existing with respect thereto, the exclusive jurisdiction and control over the use and diversion, whether temporary or permanent, of all waters on its own side of the line which in their natural channels would flow across the boundary or into boundary waters; but it is agreed that any interference with or diversion from their natural channel of such waters on either side of the boundary, resulting in any injury on the other side of the boundary, shall give rise to the same rights and entitle the injured parties to the same legal remedies as if such injury took place in the country where such diversion or interference occurs; but this provision shall not apply to cases already existing or to cases expressly covered by special agreement between the parties hereto.

It is understood, however, that neither of the High Contracting Parties intends by the foregoing provision to surrender any right, which it may have, to object to any interference with or diversions of waters on the other side of the boundary the effect of which would be productive of material injury to the navigation interests on its own side of the boundary.

Article III

It is agreed that, in addition to the uses, obstructions, and diversions heretofore permitted or hereafter provided for by special agreement between the Parties hereto, no further or other uses or obstructions or diversions, whether temporary or permanent, of boundary waters on either side of the line, affecting the natural level or flow of boundary waters on the other side of the line, shall be made except by authority of the United States or the Dominion of Canada within their respective jurisdictions and with the approval, as hereinafter provided, of a joint commission, to be known as the International Joint Commission.

The foregoing provisions are not intended to limit or interfere with the existing rights of the Government of the United States on the one side and the Government of the Dominion of Canada on the other, to undertake and carry on governmental works in boundary waters for the deepening of channels, the construction of breakwaters, the improvement of harbors, and other governmental works for the benefit of commerce and navigation, provided that such works are wholly on its own side of the line and do not materially affect the level or flow of the boundary waters on the other, nor are such provisions intended to interfere with the ordinary use of such waters for domestic and sanitary purposes.

Article IV

The High Contracting Parties agree that, except in cases provided for by special agreement between them, they will not permit the construction or maintenance on their respective sides of the boundary of any remedial or protective works or any dams or other obstructions in waters flowing from boundary waters or in waters at a lower level than the boundary in rivers flowing across the boundary, the effect of which is to raise the natural level of waters on the other side of the boundary unless the construction or maintenance thereof is approved by the aforesaid International Joint Commission.

It is further agreed that the waters herein defined as boundary waters and waters flowing across the boundary shall not be polluted on either side to the injury of health or property on the other.

Article V

The High Contracting Parties agree that it is expedient to limit the diversion of waters from the Niagara River so that the level of Lake Erie and the flow of the stream shall not be appreciably affected. It is the desire of both Parties to accomplish this object with the least possible injury to investments which have already been made in the construction of power plants on the United States side of the river under grants of authority from the State of New York, and on the Canadian side of the river under licenses authorized by the Dominion of Canada and the Province of Ontario.

So long as this treaty shall remain in force, no diversion of the waters of the Niagara River above the Falls from the natural course and stream thereof shall be permitted except for the purposes and to the extent hereinafter provided.

Footnote*The United States may authorize and permit the diversion within the State of New York of the waters of the said river above the Falls of Niagara, for power purposes, not exceeding in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of twenty thousand cubic feet of water per second.

Footnote*The United Kingdom, by the Dominion of Canada, or the Province of Ontario, may authorize and permit the diversion within the Province of Ontario of the waters of said river above the Falls of Niagara, for power purposes, not exceeding in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of thirty-six thousand cubic feet of water per second.

Footnote*The prohibitions of this article shall not apply to the diversion of water for sanitary or domestic purposes, or for the service of canals for the purposes of navigation.

Return to footnote*[NOTE: Article I of the treaty between Canada and the United States concerning the diversion of the Niagara River, which came into force on October 10, 1950, provides as follows: “This Treaty shall terminate the third, fourth, and fifth paragraphs of Article V of the treaty between Great Britain and the United States of America relating to boundary waters and questions arising between Canada and the United States of America dated January 11, 1909, and the provisions embodied in the notes exchanged between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America at Washington on May 20, 1941, October 27, 1941, November 27, 1941, and December 23, 1948 regarding temporary diversions of water of the Niagara River for power purposes.”]

Article VI

The High Contracting Parties agree that the St. Mary and Milk Rivers and their tributaries (in the State of Montana and the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan) are to be treated as one stream for the purposes of irrigation and power, and the waters thereof shall be apportioned equally between the two countries, but in making such equal apportionment more than half may be taken from one river and less than half from the other by either country so as to afford a more beneficial use to each. It is further agreed that in the division of such waters during the irrigation season, between the 1st of April and 31st of October, inclusive, annually, the United States is entitled to a prior appropriation of 500 cubic feet per second of the waters of the Milk River, or so much of such amount as constitutes three-fourths of its natural flow, and that Canada is entitled to a prior appropriation of 500 cubic feet per second of the flow of St. Mary River, or so much of such amount as constitutes three-fourths of its natural flow.

The channel of the Milk River in Canada may be used at the convenience of the United States for the conveyance, while passing through Canadian territory, of waters diverted from the St. Mary River. The provisions of Article II of this treaty shall apply to any injury resulting to property in Canada from the conveyance of such waters through the Milk River.

The measurement and apportionment of the water to be used by each country shall from time to time be made jointly by the properly constituted reclamation officers of the United States and the properly constituted irrigation officers of His Majesty under the direction of the International Joint Commission.

Article VII

The High Contracting Parties agree to establish and maintain an International Joint Commission of the United States and Canada composed of six commissioners, three on the part of the United States appointed by the President thereof, and three on the part of the United Kingdom appointed by His Majesty on the recommendation of the Governor in Council of the Dominion of Canada.

Article VIII

This International Joint Commission shall have jurisdiction over and shall pass upon all cases involving the use or obstruction or diversion of the waters with respect to which under Articles III and IV of this treaty the approval of this Commission is required, and in passing upon such cases the Commission shall be governed by the following rules or principles which are adopted by the High Contracting Parties for this purpose:

The High Contracting Parties shall have, each on its own side of the boundary, equal and similar rights in the use of the waters hereinbefore defined as boundary waters.

The following order of precedence shall be observed among the various uses enumerated hereinafter for these waters, and no use shall be permitted which tends materially to conflict with or restrain any other use which is given preference over it in this order of precedence:

(1)  Uses for domestic and sanitary purposes;

(2)  Uses for navigation, including the service of canals for the purposes of navigation;

(3)  Uses for power and for irrigation purposes.

The foregoing provisions shall not apply to or disturb any existing uses of boundary waters on either side of the boundary.

The requirement for an equal division may in the discretion of the Commission be suspended in cases of temporary diversions along boundary waters at points where such equal division can not be made advantageously on account of local conditions, and where such diversion does not diminish elsewhere the amount available for use on the other side.

The Commission in its discretion may make its approval in any case conditional upon the construction of remedial or protective works to compensate so far as possible for the particular use or diversion proposed, and in such cases may require that suitable and adequate provision, approved by the Commission, be made for the protection and indemnity against injury of any interests on either side of the boundary.

In cases involving the elevation of the natural level of waters on either side of the line as a result of the construction or maintenance on the other side of remedial or protective works or dams or other obstructions in boundary waters or in waters flowing therefrom or in waters below the boundary in rivers flowing across the boundary, the Commission shall require, as a condition of its approval thereof, that suitable and adequate provision, approved by it, be made for the protection and indemnity of all interests on the other side of the line which may be injured thereby.

The majority of the Commissioners shall have power to render a decision. In case the Commission is evenly divided upon any question or matter presented to it for decision, separate reports shall be made by the Commissioners on each side to their own Government. The High Contracting Parties shall thereupon endeavor to agree upon an adjustment of the question or matter of difference, and if an agreement is reached between them, it shall be reduced to writing in the form of a protocol and shall be communicated to the Commissioners, who shall take such further proceedings as may be necessary to carry out such agreement.

Article IX

The High Contracting Parties further agree that any other questions or matters of difference arising between them involving the rights, obligations, or interests of either in relation to the other or to the inhabitants of the other, along the common frontier between the United States and the Dominion of Canada, shall be referred from time to time to the International Joint Commission for examination and report, whenever either the Government of the United States or the Government of the Dominion of Canada shall request that such questions or matters of difference be so referred.

The International Joint Commission is authorized in each case so referred to examine into and report upon the facts and circumstances of the particular questions and matters referred, together with such conclusions and recommendations as may be appropriate, subject, however, to any restrictions or exceptions which may be imposed with respect thereto by the terms of the reference.

Such reports of the Commission shall not be regarded as decisions of the questions or matters so submitted either on the facts or the law, and shall in no way have the character of an arbitral award.

The Commission shall make a joint report to both Governments in all cases in which all or a majority of the Commissioners agree, and in case of disagreement the minority may make a joint report to both Governments, or separate reports to their respective Governments.

In case the Commission is evenly divided upon any question or matter referred to it for report, separate reports shall be made by the Commissioners on each side to their own Government.

Article X

Any questions or matters of difference arising between the High Contracting Parties involving the rights, obligations, or interests of the United States or of the Dominion of Canada either in relation to each other or to their respective inhabitants, may be referred for decision to the International Joint Commission by the consent of the two Parties, it being understood that on the part of the United States any such action will be by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and on the part of His Majesty’s Government with the consent of the Governor General in Council. In each case so referred, the said Commission is authorized to examine into and report upon the facts and circumstances of the particular questions and matters referred, together with such conclusions and recommendations as may be appropriate, subject, however, to any restrictions or exceptions which may be imposed with respect thereto by the terms of the reference.

A majority of the said Commission shall have power to render a decision or finding upon any of the questions or matters so referred.

If the said Commission is equally divided or otherwise unable to render a decision or finding as to any questions or matters so referred, it shall be the duty of the Commissioners to make a joint report to both Governments, or separate reports to their respective Governments, showing the different conclusions arrived at with regard to the matters or questions so referred, which questions or matters shall thereupon be referred for decision by the High Contracting Parties to an umpire chosen in accordance with the procedure prescribed in the fourth, fifth, and sixth paragraphs of Article XLV of The Hague Convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes, dated October 18, 1907. Such umpire shall have power to render a final decision with respect to those matters and questions so referred on which the Commission failed to agree.

Article XI

A duplicate original of all decisions rendered and joint reports made by the Commission shall be transmitted to and filed with the Secretary of State of the United States and the Governor General of the Dominion of Canada, and to them shall be addressed all communications of the Commission.

Article XII

The International Joint Commission shall meet and organize at Washington promptly after the members thereof are appointed, and when organized the Commission may fix such times and places for its meetings as may be necessary, subject at all times to special call or direction by the two Governments. Each Commissioner, upon the first joint meeting of the Commission after his appointment, shall, before proceeding with the work of the Commission, make and subscribe a solemn declaration in writing that he will faithfully and impartially perform the duties imposed upon him under this treaty, and such declaration shall be entered on the records of the proceedings of the Commission.

The United States and Canadian sections of the Commission may each appoint a secretary, and these shall act as joint secretaries of the Commission at its joint sessions, and the Commission may employ engineers and clerical assistants from time to time as it may deem advisable. The salaries and personal expenses of the Commission and of the secretaries shall be paid by their respective Governments, and all reasonable and necessary joint expenses of the Commission, incurred by it, shall be paid in equal moieties by the High Contracting Parties.

The Commission shall have power to administer oaths to witnesses, and to take evidence on oath whenever deemed necessary in any proceeding, or inquiry, or matter within its jurisdiction under this treaty, and all parties interested therein shall be given convenient opportunity to be heard, and the High Contracting Parties agree to adopt such legislation as may be appropriate and necessary to give the Commission the powers above mentioned on each side of the boundary, and to provide for the issue of subpoenas and for compelling the attendance of witnesses in proceedings before the Commission. The Commission may adopt such rules of procedure as shall be in accordance with justice and equity, and may make such examination in person and through agents or employees as may be deemed advisable.

Article XIII

In all cases where special agreements between the High Contracting Parties hereto are referred to in the foregoing articles, such agreements are understood and intended to include not only direct agreements between the High Contracting Parties, but also any mutual arrangement between the United States and the Dominion of Canada expressed by concurrent or reciprocal legislation on the part of Congress and the Parliament of the Dominion.

Article XIV

The present treaty shall be ratified by His Britannic Majesty and by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof. The ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible and the treaty shall take effect on the date of the exchange of its ratifications. It shall remain in force for five years, dating from the day of exchange of ratifications, and thereafter until terminated by twelve months’ written notice given by either High Contracting Party to the other.

In faith whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty in duplicate and have hereunto affixed their seals.

Done at Washington, the 11th day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and nine.

[Here follow the signatures of James Bryce and Elihu Root.]

The above treaty was approved by the United States’ Senate on the 3rd March 1909, with the following Resolutions:

Resolved, — That the Senate advise and consent to the ratification of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain, providing for the settlement of international differences between the United States and Canada, signed on the 11th day of January 1909.

Resolved further (as a part of this ratification), — That the United States approves this treaty with the understanding that nothing in this treaty shall be construed as affecting, or changing, any existing territorial, or riparian rights in the water, or rights of the owners of lands under water, on either side of the international boundary at the rapids of the St. Mary’s River at Sault Ste. Marie, in the use of the waters flowing over such lands, subject to the requirements of navigation in boundary waters and of navigation canals, and without prejudice to the existing right of the United States and Canada, each to use the waters of the St. Mary’s River, within its own territory; and further, that nothing in this treaty shall be construed to interfere with the drainage of wet, swamp, and overflowed lands into streams flowing into boundary waters, and that this interpretation will be mentioned in the ratification of this treaty as conveying the true meaning of the treaty, and will in effect, form part of the treaty.

Protocol of Exchange

On proceeding to the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty signed at Washington on January 11, 1909, between Great Britain and the United States, relating to boundary waters and questions arising along the boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, hereby declare that nothing in this treaty shall be construed as affecting, or changing, any existing territorial, or riparian rights in the water, or rights of the owners of lands under water, on either side of the international boundary at the rapids of St. Mary’s River at Sault Ste. Marie, in the use of the waters flowing over such lands, subject to the requirements of navigation in boundary waters and of navigation canals, and without prejudice to the existing right of the United States and Canada, each to use the waters of the St. Mary’s River, within its own territory; and further, that nothing in this treaty shall be construed to interfere with the drainage of wet, swamp, and overflowed lands into streams flowing into boundary waters, and also that this declaration shall be deemed to have equal force and effect as the treaty itself and to form an integral part thereto.

The exchange of ratifications then took place in the usual form.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, they have signed the present Protocol of Exchange and have affixed their seals thereto.

DONE at Washington this 5th day of May, one thousand nine hundred and ten.

[Here follow the signatures of James Bryce and Philander C. Knox.]

The Electoral Collage officially elected William Howard Taft as President of the United States.

Shoot, both nearly make a person nostalgic for 1909.

Friday, January 9, 1909. Censuring Roosevelt.

The House of Representatives effectively censured outgoing President Theodore Roosevelt by adopting a committee report critical of him.  On the same day, the Senate voted to have the Judiciary Committee investigate him for wrongdoing during the Panic of 1907.

It didn't help that in his annual message to Congress, he'd states that there were "criminals in the legislative branch".

Sometimes it just helps to know that Congress has being doing dumb stuff pretty much the entire time it's existed.

The Aerodrome: Thursday, January 7, 1909. Those early licenses.

The Aerodrome: Thursday, January 7, 1909. Those early licenses.: 

Thursday, January 7, 1909. Those early licenses.

The first pilot's licenses were issued in France on this day in 1909. The issuing entity was the Aero-Club de France and the recipients were Orville Wright, Wilbur Wright, Albert Santos-Dumont, Louis Blériot, Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Léon Delagrange, Henri Farman and Captain Ferdinand Ferber.

John Evershed discovered, on the same day, that gas radiates over the surface of sunspots, from the inner border to the outer edge.

Thursday, May 24, 1900. A battleship to China.

The USS Oregon arrived in China at Taku Forts to protect American citizens.

Pope Leo XIII canonized Jean-Baptiste de La Salle (1651–1719) and Rita of Cascia (1381–1457).  de la Salle was the founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools and is the patron saint of teachers.Saint Rita of Cascia, the mother of two and the wife of an abusive husband is one of the patron saints for domestic problems.

Last edition:

Wednesday, May 23, 1900. Sgt. William Havey Carney.

Labels: 1860s, 1863, 1900, 1900s, Army, Civil War, Ethnicities, Heroes, personal, The Press

Wednesday, May 23, 1900. Sgt. William Havey Carney.

 

African American Sgt. William Harvey Carney, 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on July 18, 1863.

While the first Medal of Honor was awarded to a black soldier in 1864, the 1863 action at the assault on Ft. Wagner, South Carolina, is the earliest date for which such an award was conferred on an African American.

The Associated Press was incorporated.

Last edition:

Tuesday, May 22, 1900. Player piano.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Coal, Disaster, Music, North Carolina, technology

Tuesday, May 22, 1900. Player piano.

The first patent for a player piano was issued.

An explosion at the Cumnock Mining Company, near Sanford, North Carolina, killed 22 coal miners.

Last edition:

Monday, May 21, 1900. Ultimatum to the Empress Dowager

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Boxer Rebellion, China, France, Germany, Japan, Qing Dynasty United States, United Kingdom

Monday, May 21, 1900. Ultimatum to the Empress Dowager

An ultimatum to the Empress Dowager Cixi of China to arrest and punish Boxers was issued by the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan)

Last edition:

Thursday, May 17, 1900. The Siege of Mafeking broken.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Boer Armies, Boer War, Boxer Rebellion, British Army, China, Robert Baden-Powell, Siege Mafeking, The written word

Thursday, May 17, 1900. The Siege of Mafeking broken.

The Siege of Mafeking was broken.  It had started on October 13, 1899.

Robert Baden-Powell had lead the defense of the city.  He'd shortly thereafter form the Boy Scouts.

Chinese Christians were murdered at Kaolo.

The first copy of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, came off the press.  The first run of 10,000 copies had been sold prior to publication.

Last edition:

Wednesday, May 16, 1900. Milk.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Chicago Illinois, Food, Government, Health, Illinois (Chicago)

Wednesday, May 16, 1900. Milk.

Chicago's Chief Milk Inspector, Thomas Grady, announced plans to ban dangerous additives from milk, including the preservative formalin. 

"Formalin, the chemical used in milk preservatives, will kill a cat", he told reporters. "What will it do to a child?"

Prior to pasteurization milk posed significant health risks which have ironically been revived with the raw milk movement. 

Last edition:

Tuesday, May 1, 1900. Russian rumblings.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Arabia, Coal, Disaster, Kingdom of Hejaz, Labor unrest, Mining, Ottoman Empire, Puerto Rico, Railroads, Russia, Spanish American War, Syria, Utah

Tuesday, May 1, 1900. Russian rumblings.

The first mass protest of Russian workers occurred in Kharkov.

Over 200 miners were killed in the Scofield Mine disaster in Utah.

US military governance of Puerto Rico ended.

Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid issued an imperial edict for the construction of the Hejaz railway, to link Damascus to Mecca and Medina.

Last edition:

Monday, April 30, 1900. Casey Jones

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Disaster, Folk Music, Hawaii, Music, Personalities, Railroads, William McKinley

Monday, April 30, 1900. Casey Jones

Illinois Central Railroad engineer John Luther "Casey" Jones managed to slow a passenger train he was driving down sufficiently so that he was the only one killed in a collision with two stalled freight trains at Vaughan, Mississippi.

The event was memorialized in the Balled of Casey Jones.

From Uncle Mike:

April 30, 1900: The Legend of Casey Jones

President McKinley signed into law "An act to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii" making citizens of Hawaii citizens of the United States.

Last edition:

Sunday, April 29, 1900. Robbing the Tipton train.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Crime, Railroads, The Wild Bunch, Tipton Wyoming, Union Pacific Railroad, Wyoming

Sunday, April 29, 1900. Robbing the Tipton train.

Harvey “Kid Curry” Logan, Ben “The Tall Texan” Kilpatrick and William Cruzan, all of The Wild Bunch, robbed the Union Pacific near Tipton, Wyoming.

This is not the more famous robbery that happened that same year in August.

Last edition:

Friday, April 27, 1900. Root: You've got to fight, for your right, to . . . .

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Elihu Root, Puerto Rico, the spoken word, U.S. Grant, William McKinley

Friday, April 27, 1900. Root: You've got to fight, for your right, to . . . .

United States Secretary of War Elihu Root predicted that the United States would go to war in a few years while delivering an address at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, where the birthday of the late General Ulysses S. Grant.

He stated:  

The American people will, within a few years, have to either abandon the Monroe doctrine, or fight for it, and we are not going to abandon it. If necessary we will fight for it, but unless there is greater diligence in legislation, in the future than in the past, when the time comes it may find us unprepared.

The audience was stunned.

Newly appointed Governor of Puerto Rico Charles Herbert Allen arrived at San Juan on the USS Dolphin.

Sunday, April 22, 1900. Battle of Koussér.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Africa, Battle of Koussér, Chad, Colonialism, French Army, French Empire

Sunday, April 22, 1900. Battle of Koussér.

The French defeated the forces of Rabih az-Zubayr after two years of war, bringing Chad under the jurisdiction of French Equatorial Africa.

The French were commanded by Major Amédée-François Lamy.  Both he and Rabih were killed in what is known as the Battle of Koussér

Rabih's head displayed on a pole after the battle.

Last edition:  

Tuesday, April 17, 1900. Flat Nose Curry killed.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Crime, Pacific, Pago Pago, The Wild Bunch, Tutuila, Utah, Wyoming

Tuesday, April 17, 1900. Flat Nose Curry killed.

George "Flat Nose" Curry was killed by Sheriff Jessie M. Tyler while rustling cattle in Grand County, Utah.  Curry was a member of the Wild Bunch (Hole in the Wall Gang).

Born to John and Nancy Ann (Macdonald) Currie in Prince Edward Island, Curry took up rustling as a young man while living in Nebraska.  Harvey "Kid Curry" Logan avenged the death by killing Sheriff Tyler some time thereafter, after which he returned to the Hole in the Wall.

The chiefs of Tutuila approved cession of the island to the United States.

Sunday, April 15, 1900. The Siege of Catubig.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, Army, Philippine Army, Philippine Insurrection, Philippines, Siege of Catubig

Sunday, April 15, 1900. The Siege of Catubig.

Nineteen U.S. troops were killed at the Siege of Catubig.

Last edition:

Saturday, April 14, 1900. Racing.

Saturday, April 14, 1900. Racing.

The Automobile Club of America staged the first car race in U.S. history.

The race took place on Long Island, with the course from Springfield to Babylon, New York, and back.  A. L. Riker won in two hours and 3.5 minutes.

Also in racing, but in bicycles, the Union Cycliste Internationale , the controlling body, was founded in Switzerland.

Last edition:

Friday, April 13, 1900. Direct election.

Labels: 1900, 1900s, 1910s, 1913, 56th Congress, law