I have to say, as somebody who started off in geology, this is leaving me envious.
Turkish forces on this day, fresh from defeating Greece, and followed by the murder of Armenians, approached Çanakkale and advanced on the Allied positions there.
The British government reacted with backbone, issuing an ultimatum. But the British commander on the location did not deliver it. British Conservatives, moreover, did not support going to war against Turkey over the issue, contrary to British Liberals Lloyd George and Winston Churchill (yes, at this point in time Churchill was a Liberal). The French did not a war either, nor did the Canadians, whose significant Dominion status mattered given that the British felt that they needed Dominion support. Having defeated the Greeks, the Turks quickly backed down, defusing the crisis, but contributing to one for Lloyd George.
In another Dominion, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and two associates suspended habeus corpus in Ireland due to the Irish Civil War.
Firestone commenced production of rubber tires in Canada. Oddly enough, on the same day William and Alfred Billes combined their savings to purchase the Hamilton Tire and Garage Ltd. which would be multiple retail lines company Canadian Tire.
Back to Turkey, the Turkish Orthodox Church was formed. The church is not recognized by the Eastern Orthodox. Pavlos Karahisarithis was the first Patriarch of what was termed the Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate, which he presided over until 1962. The church principally consistgs of Orthodox Karaman Turks and numbers 47,000 adherants today.
The Council of Foreign Relations commenced publication of Foreign Affairs.
2 comments:
From the ENDNOTES of my upcoming book, THUNDER WITHOUT RAIN: A Memoir with Dangerous Game, God's Cattle, The African Buffalo–to be published in March by Skyhorse Publishing–touching on Turkey and Armenians:
…the African buffalo, Syncerus caffer…
Some years ago, a science blogger, no doubt of the highest rectitude, picked out the African buffalo’s binomial for disapprobation because of the word caffer. “Only the most cynical taxonomists would support the use of the term,” he wrote. And he simply didn’t “know why.”
Kaffir was originally an Arab word for a pagan or a Christian; in the eyes of Islam, an infidel. More usually spelled kaffer, it became in apartheid South Africa the Afrikaans equivalent of the toxic English nigger. Now, the public utterance of the name in that country is a punishable crimen injuria, the unlawful, intentional, and serious harming of another’s dignity.
As far as changing the Buffalo’s name, an Australian taxonomist, whether the most cynical or not, replied to the blogger in a comment, noting that the International Zoological Code of Nomenclature places priority as the standard for a species canonical name, offensive or not; and there is no rule in the code about objectionable words, only the recommendation to avoid them if possible. The entire purpose of rules in nomenclature is to maintain the integrity of species names, limit muddle, and restrict capricious self-aggrandizement. As well, as it may sometimes happen, to inhibit authoritarian aspiration.
In 2005 the Turkish Environment and Forestry Ministry changed the nomenclature of indigenous subspecies of animals such as the red fox, Vulpes vulpes kurdistanica, and roe deer, Capreolus capreolus armenius, removing or altering the trinomials to erase reference to Kurds and Armenians, claiming the taxa were deliberately labeled in bad faith to insinuate that those ethnic groups had actually lived in the areas where the animals were found, which the Turks apparently preferred to deny.
According to the typically tone-deaf ministry functionary, “Unfortunately there are many other species in Turkey which were named this way with ill intentions. This ill intent is so obvious that even species only found in our country were given names against Turkey’s unity.”
The I. Z. C. N. curtly brushed aside any recognition of the Turkish government’s double-speak changes. Of late, the government in Ankara is insisting that the nation now be known internationally as Turquia.
Tom
Sheridan, WY
I was unaware of the Turkish attempt to change the taxonomic classifications of animals. Truly, that's absurd.
Turkey (which I thought wanted us to call it Turkea) is never going to overcome the barbaric treatment of the Armenians, as well as other ethnic minority groups within the territory it controlled in the early 20th Century, as long as it continues to pretend it didn't happen. It happened. The Armenian situation best know, but nearly very non Turkic minority suffered some sort of severe repression. A huge population exchange came about with Greece due to the Greek defeat in the Greco Turkish War.
The barbarity commenced during the late Ottoman stage, so it can't all be laid at the feet of the Young Turks who took over from, and removed, the Ottomans, to be sure. But one compounding the tragedy was that the Greeks, who were a weak power, tired to use the end of World War One and the Ottoman defeat in that to recover control of lands that they had not governed for centuries, and were pretty bloody in doing so. That set the stage for the horrors they were later visited when they lost. Of course, an added factor is that the British and French were parties to the early post World War One fighting in Anatolia before they lost interest, and the US took a role in trying to redraw the map there before we lost interest, to the extent we ever had any, which wasn't very much.
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