Culpability for murder.

 This is from a Twitter post:

This is Viktoriia. Today she died in Kyiv. Her colleagues write that her body was found in her beloved husband Bohdan's embrace, their cat was with them in the building attacked with the Russian drone. She was pregnant. They had been expecting for child.

11:00 AM · Oct 17, 2022·Twitter for iPhone

Recently, on an email list I'm on, the topic of the individual culpability of Russians for the war in Ukraine came up.  Most of the people who posted on the topic, not surprisingly, held that individual Russians had no culpability, it was all Putin, or Putin and his cronies.  A few held the opposite view.

I tend to hold that opposite view.

Now, it is not the case that some babushka in Vladivostok just trying to get by really has blood on her hands, but rather at some level, and I'd but that level fairly low, responsibility for actions in wars vests.  

After the Second World War, and even continuing on to the present day, thousands of Germans were put on trial from crimes during the Second World War.  "I was only following orders" was held not to be an excuse.  Crimes, we supposedly learned, are crimes no matter what.

Of course, it's easier to see those crimes if you are ordered to shoot civilians, but what about bombing them?  That's effectively what's going on.

Well, it's no different.

Bombing of cities was once a controversial subjected in a way that it always should have been, but which after World War Two it wasn't.  In 1939-40, both sides in Europe stuck to bombing military and industrial targets, but the Germans actually accidentally hit civilian targets during the Blitz that seemed to observers to be calculated acts.  The British, who rapidly went to nighttime bombing, fairly quickly quit worrying much about collateral damage, and things were off and running.

Theoretically, most Allied bombing in Europe was targeted, but the targeting was relatively loose.  American daylight bombing was conducted during the day for precision, but even it hit a lot of residential areas.  British nighttime bombing was much looser by default.  Frankly, at some point at least the British passed over to where the Germans had already been, and were effectively bombing civilian targets, or at least bombing so cavalierly that they knew that they were killing a lot of civilians.  Lest Americans feel too good about this, the US deliberately went to the same tactic against Japan, bombing highly flammable civilian housing on the theory that making workers homeless would wreck Japanese production, even though it was effectively already wrecked.

The US is the "good war", as Studs Terkel put it, to Americans, and it's practically the high point of modern British history.  But in truth, the areal bombing campaigns crossed over into the criminal and immoral.  And in both instances they had no discernible impact on shortening the war by way of loose targeting.

The exception to that last statement, of course, was the atomic bombing of two Japanese cities, which directly ended the war with Japan.  The US has been struggling to justify destroying two Japanese cities in what was a terror attack ever since, but it can't be justified.  Excuses have ranged from it was no worse than the firebombing of Tokyo, which was also immoral, to it hypothetically saving the lives of a lot of Japanese soldiers and civilians, as well as allied ones.  We don't know that, of course, and at the time of the bombings, that was only a theoretical possibility.  

We've basically found it impossible to reconcile with ushering in the age of atomic weaponry ever since, but we have abstained from its further use in spite of it being urged from time to time.  Indeed, it was urged during the Korean War, the French Indochinese War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and even during the Vietnam War.  Most of the civilians and military figures in authority always said no to the suggestion.

The fact that the US blazed the trail on this has been used recently by Putin as an excuse for suggesting he might go nuclear.  It doesn't provide one, as we've abstained.  Indeed, since World War Two the Western Way of War has become more and more precise, and excuses for collateral damage of any kind less and less tolerated.  Single USAF bombs to neighborhoods have been regarded as inexcusable by the US.  On the ground, photographs by Marines with Afghan dead combatant bodies have been regarded as criminal, when their grandfathers in arms routinely cut the ears off of dead Japanese soldiers and nobody thought anything of it.

Putin's war has stripped the band aid of the noble Russian combatant off and showed to us an ugly wound that goes back at least as far as World War Two.  The Red Army was effectively a large armed mob that committed at least the crime of rape on a massive scale.  The current Russian army doesn't seem much better.  Indeed, it seems as the crude vulgarity of Russian servicemen that came in with the Russian Revolution just won't go away.

Nobody has let the Germans get away with supporting the Nazis and all that meant.  Nor should they. The Third Reich tarnished the reputation of the Germans in a way that will take at least two centuries to change.  The Russians are working on the same thing.

One of the reasons that the July 20 plotters attempted to kill Hitler in 1944 is that they wanted to show the world that not every German was fully invested in the evil, although even those in on the plot were to some degree.  Russia's reputation now can only be saved for generations to come if some brave Russians refuse to cooperate in the evil and do something, whether that means voting with their feet and leaving Russian ranks in Ukraine, to parking a tank in front of the Kremlin and declaring Putin's regime over.

Whether or not that happens is yet to be seen.  But what we can say is that every Russian missile crew that points a missile towards Ukraine and helps fire it is complicit in murder to some degree.

Wednesday, October 18, 1972. Congress overrides Nixon to enact The Clean Water Act, The Soviet Union agrees to pay on Lend Lease, ZZ Top in Kentucky.

Congress overwhelmingly overrode Richard Nixon's veto to pass the Clean Water Act. The Senate voted 52–12 for an override, and the House 247–23.

It was clearly a different era.  It's almost impossible to imagine the GOP supporting the act today, and the television "news" would be full of vindictive comments.

The public had been mobilized by Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring, back in the day when it still could sit and read a book, and the 70s saw a host of environmental legislation pass.  As the ABA has noted:

The 1970s was a seminal decade for environmental protection. Its first year saw three major accomplishments: the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Clean Air Act, and the creation of the EPA. NEPA alone was groundbreaking

All of which is an understatement.   And that text omitted the Endangered Species Act.

The counter reaction set in soon, and already by the mid 1970s there were those who urged the repeal of nearly everything that had been passed, although it never occurred. What has occurred, however, is that an increasingly polarized public, fed slop by such things as "news" outlets that cater only to a person's preformed views, and loud voices on Twitter and Facebook, have made listening to unpleasant scientific news a political act that can be disregarded if it conflicts with a person's preformed views.  This reflects a wider crisis in the culture on political issues, that are similarly fed, which is rapidly making the United States nearly ungovernable

On the same day, the USSR agreed to pay the United States $722,000,000 over 30 years for repayment for Lend Lease.  The Soviets reneged the following year, but started again, with a reduced amount, under Gorbachev.  They paid until 2006, with payments of the renewed obligation having been scheduled to run through 2030.  In 06, however, the Russians paid in full and retired the debt.  About that same time, the United Kingdom did as well.

ZZ Top preformed at Brannen's Tobacco Warehouse in Bowling Green, Kentucky.

Sunday, October 18, 1949. Hitler issues the Commando Order.

British Combined Operations patch.

Hitler issued the illegal Commando Order. It stated:

On 18 October, after much deliberation by High Command lawyers, officers and staff, Hitler issued his Commando Order or Kommandobefehl in secret, with only 12 copies. The following day Army Chief of Staff Alfred Jodl distributed 22 copies with an appendix stating that the order was "intended for commanders only and must not under any circumstances fall into enemy hands". The order itself stated:

For a long time now our opponents have been employing in their conduct of the war, methods which contravene the International Convention of Geneva. The members of the so-called Commandos behave in a particularly brutal and underhanded manner; and it has been established that those units recruit criminals not only from their own country but even former convicts set free in enemy territories. From captured orders it emerges that they are instructed not only to tie up prisoners, but also to kill out-of-hand unarmed captives who they think might prove an encumbrance to them, or hinder them in successfully carrying out their aims. Orders have indeed been found in which the killing of prisoners has positively been demanded of them.

In this connection it has already been notified in an Appendix to Army Orders of 7.10.1942. that in future, Germany will adopt the same methods against these Sabotage units of the British and their Allies; i.e. that, whenever they appear, they shall be ruthlessly destroyed by the German troops.

I order, therefore:— From now on all men operating against German troops in so-called Commando raids in Europe or in Africa, are to be annihilated to the last man. This is to be carried out whether they be soldiers in uniform, or saboteurs, with or without arms; and whether fighting or seeking to escape; and it is equally immaterial whether they come into action from Ships and Aircraft, or whether they land by parachute. Even if these individuals on discovery make obvious their intention of giving themselves up as prisoners, no pardon is on any account to be given. On this matter a report is to be made on each case to Headquarters for the information of Higher Command.

Should individual members of these Commandos, such as agents, saboteurs etc., fall into the hands of the Armed Forces through any means – as, for example, through the Police in one of the Occupied Territories – they are to be instantly handed over to the SD

To hold them in military custody – for example in P.O.W. Camps, etc., – even if only as a temporary measure, is strictly forbidden.

This order does not apply to the treatment of those enemy soldiers who are taken prisoner or give themselves up in open battle, in the course of normal operations, large-scale attacks; or in major assault landings or airborne operations. Neither does it apply to those who fall into our hands after a sea fight, nor to those enemy soldiers who, after air battle, seek to save their lives by parachute.

I will hold all Commanders and Officers responsible under Military Law for any omission to carry out this order, whether by failure in their duty to instruct their units accordingly, or if they themselves act contrary to it.

It figures, somehow, that he'd issue the order on a Sunday. 

On the same day, as Sarah Sundin notes:  "Vice Adm. William Halsey replaces Vice Adm. Robert Ghormley as Commander South Pacific Area and South Pacific Force."

Halsey was a 1904 graduate of the Naval Academy and was in his early 60s, having been born in 1882.

Wednesday October 18, 1922. BBCs.

The British Broadcasting Company, Ltd, a short lived commercial radio company which is unrelated to the Beeb, was incorporated.  It'd go into bankruptcy in 1926 and this trademark be taken over by the British Broadcasting Corporation.

It gets confused, even today, with the other BBC.

Brig. Gen. Billy Mitchell set a new flight speed record flying a Curtiss R-6.

Curtis R-6.

Released on this day in 1922:

Blog Mirror: Can a politician successfully re-flip? The case of Tulsi Gabbard

 

Can a politician successfully re-flip? The case of Tulsi Gabbard

It's not cold in here.

So Long Suffering Spouse tells me.

Feels pretty darned cold to me.  And I'm not the only one.

I've been married now for almost 30 years, and for most of that time, I've been cold at home.  During the winter, the thermostat is kept low, not for economic reasons, but because "it's not cold in here".  The heat doesn't even tend to really come on here, on a permanent basis, until the snow starts flying.

As soon as spring hits, most years, the swamp cooler comes on.  I hate air conditioning anyway, but its set at freeze, or something.  

This year I got a bit of a break on that as for some reason my wife didn't turn it on very often.  It did come on, but not like it has in most years.  So summer wasn't brutally cold, indoors.

In contrast, the air conditioning was on at work after it got fixed.  I was hoping it wasn't going to get fixed, as I hate it.  But it was. There are only a couple of occupants of my quarter of the building, and one of them is one of the people who thinks it's hot in the building, so on it came.

Oddly, while its intermittent now, it's still on, and somebody thinks they have to have the blower on even if the air conditioning is not on.

We didn't have air conditioning in the house when I was a kid.

Two 1/4 tons.

A photo taken before the fall weather started to set in,

My 97 TJ in the background, with a 1960s vintage Bronco I in the foreground.

I've always really like the looks of the first generation Bronco.  The TJ is probably a better 4x4, it ought to be as it's thirty years newer, but the Bronco beats it in style.

Painted Bricks: Prairie Woman, Casper Wyoming.

Painted Bricks: Prairie Woman, Casper Wyoming.:  

Prairie Woman, Casper Wyoming.

 A mural on one of the newer downtown building in Casper, entitled Prairie Woman.

Saturday, October 17, 1942. Flooding.

The Germans took control of the Stalingrad Tractor Factory.  Fighting for the factory had been at the epic level, but the Germans took control of the factory earlier in the battle than I'd realized.

B-26 Marauders sank the Japanese destroyer Oburo northeast of Kiska.

The Oburo.

Washington D. C. experienced flooding due to heavy rain.

Tuesday, October 17, 1922. Aviation first, and an aviation disaster.

This Day in Aviation: Lieutenant Commander Virgil Childers (“Squash”) Griffin, Jr., United States Navy, made the first takeoff from an aircraft carrier of the U. S. Navy.

This Day in Aviation: Lieutenant Commander Virgil Childers (“Squash”) Griffin, Jr., United States Navy, made the first takeoff from an aircraft carrier of the U. S. Navy.

Vought VE-7 approaching the USS Langley in October 1922.  This is the same ship, with the same sort of aircraft, involved in the item noted above.

On the same day, the Army's C-2 dirigible, filled with hydrogen, exploded at Brooks Field, Texas, injuring seven.

Blog Mirror: “Constitutional Amendments” Series – Amendment XXIII – “Extending the Vote to the District of Columbia”

A concept, frankly, I'm not impressed with:

“Constitutional Amendments” Series – Amendment XXIII – “Extending the Vote to the District of Columbia”

The District of Columbia is wholly unnecessary today.  Just make the city part of Maryland.

Friday, October 16, 1942. Reaching out towards Vichy.

The Allies agree on Operation Flagpole, the clandestine meeting of Allied officers with Vichy officers in North Africa in order to attempt to explore their cooperation in advance of Operation Torch.  The meeting would take place a few days later and secure the cooperation of significant elements of the Vichy forces.  The principal Allied delegee was Mark Clark, and the principal Vichy one, Charles Mast.

Charles Mast.

This showed the degree to which it was already known that officers in the French military had think loyalty to Vichy, which was the legal government of the country, and were ready, depending upon the circumstances, to switch sides, even while the French had been fairly consistently fighting the British in one location or another in Africa since the fall of France.

The Allies also started to form a commission to investigate war crimes.

A cyclone hit the Bay of Bengal, causing very heavy damage, and setting the region up for famine the following year.

Mighty Mouse debuted in The Mouse of Tomorrow.

Monday, October 16, 1922. The Greek tragedy in Anatolia, Racism in Children's Books and Toys.

Former Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos proposed a mandatory population exchanged between Greece and Turkey to the League of Nations.  The proposal was for Orthodox Christians in side of what was to become or had become Turkish territory would come to Greece, and Muslim populations inside of Greece would go to Turkey.   The proposal would be adopted and carried out that following year, with 1,221,489 Greek and other Orthodox Christians going to Greece and about 400,000 Muslims going to Turkey.  The relocation was compulsory.

The net result would be the loss of a large Christian and Greek presence in Anatolia for the first time since the Apostolic Age, which of course Anatolia was principally Greek.  The Greek population of Istanbul was exempt from the exchange, but the Istanbul Pogrom of 1955 would cause many of them to leave.  The population today is growing, but still remains at only about 110,000.  Further repression of the Greek minority in the country would follow in 1964.

By Alexikoua - Own work, data taken from:*Kamouzis Dimitrios, The Constantinopolitan Greeks in an era of secular nationalism, mid-19th century to 1930, 2010, University of London. King's College. Department of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, p. 32.*Darja Reuschke,Monika Salzbrunn,Korinna Schönhärl, The Economies of Urban Diversity: Ruhr Area and Istanbul, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, ISBN 9781137338815, p. 117-122.*Σάββας Τσιλένης. Η μειονότητα των Ορθόδοξων Χριστιανών στις επίσημες στατιστικές της σύγχρονης Τουρκίας και στον αστικό χώρο.*Dundar Fuat, Turkiye Nufus Sayimlarinda Azinlikar. Doz, 1999, ISBN 9756876123. 9789756876121, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33989120

It's almost impossible to imagine a nation suggesting that members of co-ethnic communities in another country be forcibly expelled into itself now, but the Greek government feared, with good reason, that Greeks in Anatolia would be exterminated there.  The forced relocation removed a Greek presence in Anatolia that went back to antiquity, as well as operating to help complete the end of an Armenian one that was, if anything, even older.

It should be noted that Turkish oppression of the Armenians in modern times went back to the closing days of the Ottoman Empire, but it had really ramped up in regard to the Greeks due to the Greco Turkish War during which the Greeks had committed atrocities of their own, and had grossly overplayed their hand in trying to seize Turkish territory. The Ottoman parliament had been willing to accept that, but the Young Turks had not.  Had the Greeks not so overreached, the following tragedy may very well not have occured.

The U.S. Bureau of Prohibition seized the Canadian schooner Emerald 8 miles off the coast of New Jersey, resulting in a British protest.

Florence Kate Upton died on this day following surgery.  The British children's book author was 49.

She was also the inventor of the "Golliwog" dolls, which are truly beyond comprehension today.

The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a "Golliwogg", 1895.

The dolls were popular at the time, but are shocking today, and for good reason.  Indeed, we hesitated to post this at all, but given as this blog is supposed to be exploring an earlier time (which we're actually somewhat beyond in these 1922 posts), I've put them up.  An example of deeply ingrained racists views from the time.

Best Posts of the Week of October 9, 2022

The best posts of the week of October 9. 2022

Sister Rosetta Tharpe - This Train

The 2022 Election Part XII. The General Election Race, Edition 1.

Participating in the saratorial decline.

Mid Week At Work. Overheard retirement conversations, random emails and musings.

Monday, October 12, 1942. The Home Front

Thursday, October 12, 1972. The USS Kitty Hawk Incident.

The Post Insurrection. Falling chips. Part IV.

October 14, 1922. Jiggs, East Thrace, and Liberty Kansas.

Probably the best one of the week:

Why won't Harriet Hageman debate?

Harriet, debate.

The 2024 Election, Part I. Early adopters.

The 2022 Election Part XII. The General Election Race, Edition 2.

Wars and Rumors of War, 2022. The Russo Ukrainian War Edition, Part Eight. The one in which the Russian forces collapse and Putin puts his finger on the nuclear trigger.

Thursday, October 15, 1942. Woof.

The San Carlos War Dog Training Center was opened in San Carlos, California.  It'd train a substantial number of dogs for military service before being closed in 1944.

Marine Raiders with dogs on Bouganville in 1943.

Southern Rockies Nature Blog: How Do You Open This Thing?

Southern Rockies Nature Blog: How Do You Open This Thing?: The wildlife rehabilitation center where I help out sometimes as a taxi driver for orphaned critters has had a quiet year so far — a few mul...

The roots of Trumpism (Part 7)

No surprise, I've said this for a while:

Wisconsin before the 1994 midterms

The roots of Trumpism (Part 7)

First Fig

 My candle burns at both ends;

    It will not last the night;

But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends—

    It gives a lovely light!

Why won't Harriet Hageman debate?

Wyoming doesn't need a coward. Wyoming needs a leader, Wyoming needs a voice, Wyoming needs people who are able to stand up to anybody and anyone.

Lynette Gray Bull.

The candidates for Wyoming's lone seat to the Congress, less Harriet Hageman, debated last night.

October 14, 2022

A debate of candidates for the U.S. House, save for Harriet Hageman, occurred last night.

Hageman was castigated by the other candidates for her failure to appear, which is either rude, arrogant, or cowardly.  At least one candidate called her actions cowardly.

Hageman needs to be heard from on her failure to debate, and not with the excuse that she has other more effective means of communicating with Wyomingites. So far, more or less, her campaign has been limited to the fact that she supports now subpoenaed Donald J. Trump no matter what, whereas Liz Cheney has the courage of her convictions.  Other than having united herself to Trump no matter what, there's nothing really known to distinguish her from Cheney, but the voters really haven't heard much from her otherwise in a widespread way.  Public forum's she's attended to date have been principally populated with Hageman Fans/Cheney Haters, so that does not suffice.

How do we answer the question posed in the title of this post?

Well, the short answer is because Harriet Hageman has said "no" to a debate, but that obviously doesn't suffice.

Lawyers, which Hageman is, generally are regarded as liking to debate, or at least being comfortable with it.  Indeed, a common unthinking reply to "why should I become a lawyer" or "why did you become a lawyer" is 1) well I like to debate, and to get paid for debating, or the related 2) well I like to argue, and to get paid for arguing. . .   In truth, lots of lawyers like to do neither, but Hageman has boosted herself in her campaign by portraying herself as a wild vigilante jurist gunning down the horrible agents of Federal repression.

Harriet Hageman stopping agents of the United States Fish & Wildlife Service.

Truth be known, as a native Wyomingite, a lot of the big evil enemies she cites as having been taken on by her in her role as Litigator of the Golden West are agencies I like.  I have a hard time hating, for example, the United States Fish & Wildlife Service.  And the two times I've encountered her in a legal setting since 1990 didn't involve the Federal Government at all, although one did involve the super wealthy, who happened to be her client.  But I digress.

My point is, here, that abstaining from debating requires some sort of reason, and the reasons are few.

Before we look at those reason, we should consider something.

Hageman hasn't campaigned on any issues at all.

Her campaign was based solely on attacking Liz Cheney for voting to impeach Donald Trump and then going on to be his opponent in Congress.  Cheney stood on principles and on that, Hageman used the opportunity to advance herself, and successfully, so far.

In the process, for months she was actually very reluctant, unlike her opponents in the House race, to say that Trump won the election, which he didn't.  When pressed, she took refuge in having "questions".

Missed in that response is that it's a lawyer witness answer.  It's the classic Clintonesque "It depends on what the meaning of is, is."  It's a hair-splitting dodge.  Literally every single person on Earth can claim to have questions about the election as life is uncertain, and a person can harbor doubts about literally anything human's do, which doesn't mean they're reasonable.  A person can have questions if the sun will explode today, if you will die of a heart attack tonight, if your Welsh Corgi will suddenly remember he descends from wolves and rip your throat out, or whatever.

Bulldog editor, or perhaps as he would have preferred Irish Wolf Hound editor, of the Tribune in its glory days, Phil McCauley.  Photo linked in from his 2009 obituary.

Unfortunately, in this day and age, there isn't the Fifth Estate muscle to really run that to ground. The Tribune in the days of Phil McCauley would have harassed her on that to the point of tears, but that didn't of course occur.  She had "questions".

Well, anyhow, only at the bitter end, after being endorsed by Trump, and pressed at a Casper Politics In The Park did she relent to fully selling her soul and saying the election had been stolen.  She handily beat Cheney on that topic alone, with her enthusiastic supporters believing that she believes what they believe, thereby feeding into their beliefs for her personal advantage.

One is reminded of the classic line from A Man For All Seasons when Richard perjures himself:

Sir Thomas More: Why Richard, it profits a man nothing to give his soul for the whole world... but for Wales?

She's been really quiet since the Primary.

This assumes, of course, that she knows the truth, which frankly is my assumption.

Since that time, and after the primary election, she received a letter from forty-one Wyoming lawyers asking her to stop lying about the election being stolen.  Quixotically branded the "Wyoming 41" by the Democratic primary candidate Steve Helling, who ran as a pro Trump Democrat (his campaign made next to no sense and received next to no support), they asked her, in a private letter, to quit lying.  Her reply was practically unhinged, accusing them of being part of a nationwide plot to discredit Trumpite candidates by holding them to their oaths.  The Wyoming 41 denied that, and frankly the accusation was absurd, and in turn wrote her back, this time with 52 signators on the letter.¹   She didn't reply to that one.

And she's not replying much to anyone else in any really visible fashion.

Her current quietness may simply because she knows she's almost certain to be elected, and she just doesn't want to bother.  But if that's the case, what would it hurt. Sure, she may very well have no need to debate, but if that's the case, debating can't possibly hurt her.

Or maybe it can.

Lynette Gray Bull is a very effective speaker and preformed very well against Cheney two years ago.  At that time, she received 25% of the vote, and she'll receive more this time.  It's difficult to imagine her adding another 25% to defeat Hageman, but maybe Hageman is worried that in a debate that will bring the difference between the two into sharp focus, she might.^2 3

Since the primary, the January 6 committee has resumed and Trump is going to receive a subpoena to go to the Committee. That will appear on prime-time television, and he'll look like a strange liar.  He's going to resist going, of course.  Maybe being Trump's anointed will have just as much cache a month from now as it now does, but it's not guaranteed.  

But beyond that, maybe Hageman's real career history and the issues that raises would also come up.  She's been an enemy by her own statements of the things most Wyomingites love.  An ally only of development and use, she's unlikely to be seen as a friend of hunters, fishermen and people who just love the outdoors.  A product of southeastern Wyoming, which has generally been a hard core "it's my property stay off" portion of the state, she may well fear what that would mean.

She has the social issues of course, with Gray Bull being much to the left of her, and presumably outside the main from where most Wyomingites are, but she might also recall, given her age, a Wyoming which really wasn't very conservative on those issues.  Maybe being pro gun doesn't mean much in a state where the Democrats are also pro gun.  Maybe the remaining social issues like abortion and gender issues don't have as much cache with rank and file voters as presumed.  Maybe just raising those issues, in a public forum, on a stage in which the one candidate has children and the other doesn't, where one candidate is young, and the other isn't, and where both affect Native items in their dress, but one is indigenous, and the other isn't, creates problems she doesn't care to have come up.

And maybe she's not confident in her in own debating skills in front of an audience that isn't canned against a debater who has no choice but to debate, and who is good at it.

Anyway it's looked at, it's inexcusable.  Hageman should debate.

Footnotes:

1. The fifty-two signatures actually reflects more than 52 lawyers actually supporting the overall effort, as some of the original "Wyoming 41" didn't sign the second time as their noted public roles with various institutions was causing those institutions to receive complaints. 

2.  If Grey Bull doesn't pull in 33% this time, I'd be surprised.  That would really be only a modest increase in her toll.  Imagining 35%, or even 40%, isn't unreasonable.

3.  Hageman has given Grey Bull a gift in that Grey Bull can now accuse Hageman of being an outright coward and Hageman can do little about it.  Calling somebody out for a verbal duel can't really be adequately responded to except by engaging in a verbal duel, at which point your prior decline amounts to an admission of sorts.

Wednesday, October 14, 1942. Sinking of the Caribou.

The SS Caribou was sunk by a German submarine in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, leading to the loss of 137 lives.  It was one of the most significant shipping losses in Canadian waters during World War Two. 

Today in World War II History—October 14, 1942: Hitler orders halt in east except in Stalingrad and the Caucasus to prepare for winter defense. Australians and Japanese battle for Templeton’s Crossing.

So notes Sarah Sundin.

Also noted, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army was formed on this day. The UPA was thought of by its organizers, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalist, as a national Ukrainian Army. 

Originally, it was loosely aligned with the Germans, and the OUN offered its services, before it was formed, to the Germans and it was formed as a reaction to Soviet partisans in Ukraine.  In February 1943, however, it also went to war with the Germans.  Ultimately it would fight the Soviets, the Germans, and the Poles, the latter of which it committed terrible atrocities against.

UPA Poster

The UPA is emblematic of the ambiguous nature of the wars within the Second World War that were fought in the east.  By this point, the Ukrainians had fought the Russians in the Russian Civil War, and the Poles at approximately the same time. They'd established an independent state with more territory than Ukraine currently has, only to lose it in Soviet incorporation.  The Soviets had subjected the Ukrainians to mass starvation intentionally. When the Germans arrived, many Ukrainians greeted them with the traditional gift of bread and salt.  At this point in the war, it wasn't yet clear to Ukrainian nationalist that the Germans had no intention of further enslaving Ukraine, but it soon would be.

The thought that an insurgent army of this type could prevail against the Germans and the Soviets was naive.  That the UPA also thought that it had to reengage in a sometimes genocidal war with the Poles was inexcusable.

October 14, 1922. Jiggs, East Thrace, and Liberty Kansas.

The Saturday Evening Post went to press with a Leyendecker illustration that was, well, sad.

Continuing on the canine theme, the Marine Corps first mascot, English bulldog Jiggs, entered the Corps.

Greece agreed to the terms of the Armistice of Mudanya and ceded its territories east of the Maritsa River to Turkey.

The Ku Klux Klan kidnapped the mayor of Liberty, Kansas and beat him for having denounced the Klan. This led to the Governor of Kansas denouncing the Klan as well and ordering an investigation.

Laramie Audubon: Wednesday, October 12 (7 pm) - Grassland Birds / N...

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Blog Mirror. A Hundred Years Ago: 1922 Ambassador Luncheon Haddies Advertisement

1922 Ambassador Luncheon Haddies Advertisement

Hmmmm. . .  not to sure what to think about this one.

Tuesday, October 13, 1942. The Army lands on Guadalcanal

Today in World War II History—October 13, 1942: First US Army troops land on Guadalcanal, joining the US Marines. On Guadalcanal, Japanese naval shelling makes Henderson Field inoperable.

So reports Sarah Sundin.  The soldiers were from the 164th Infantry and they took up the 6,600 yard sector at the east end of the American perimeter.   The 164th was part of the Americal Division.

It's often forgotten that the Army played a significant role in the fighting in the Pacific, but it did.  While the island hopping campaigns that later developed were principally, but not exclusively, Marine Corps affairs, larger engagements nearly always featured the Army.  Of this battle, one of the Army's official histories states:

The Guadalcanal Campaign also made clear that whether subsequent fighting in the Pacific took place in an Army or a Navy theater, success would depend on a high degree of interservice cooperation. The early stages of the campaign were dominated by Navy-Marine components of the interservice team. But as the battle continued, Army units assumed the burden of interservice coordination and, in the end, secured the American victory on the ground. The campaign also made clear the scale of operations the Americans would have to mount to take sizable island outposts from the Japanese: between fifty and one hundred thousand troops, at least half a dozen air squadrons of high-altitude bombers, dive bombers, and fighters, and between two and three hundred Navy ships and smaller craft of all types. In coming months fresh Army divisions would form new interservice teams and, applying techniques demonstrated by the XIV Corps, continue the island march to Japan.

While the Marine Corps would likely dispute that conclusion, at the time the Marine command on Guadalcanal was highly impressed with the 164th.

The DUI of the 164th.

Sundin's entry for this day also notes that Japanese naval shelling by the battleships Kongo and Haruna took Henderson Field out of operation and that the first flight of a Rolls-Royce engined P51 Mustang occurred.  It was the British, not the Americans, which made that critical change.

Indeed, on that change, it might be noted that while the P51 is thought of as the great American fighter of the Second World War, it was really an Anglo-American project, with its original ordering to its critical power plant change coming about due to the British.

Friday, October 13, 1922. Release of the last German POW held by the French from World War One.

France released the last German Prisoner of War that it had been holding from the Great War.

I wish I had more details on this, such as who he was, and what became of him.

France also founded the Colony of Niger on this day.  France controlled the territory used to form the colony long before this, but had not organized it into a political entity until this date.

Niger would remain loyal to Vichy until its collapse during the Second World War.

Thursday, October 12, 1972. The USS Kitty Hawk Incident.

A giant brawl, characterized by the Navy as a race riot, broke out on the USS Kitty Hawk. The event had to be subdued by the Marines.

Kitty Hawk in 1975.

The incident, which happened off of the Vietnamese coast, was emblematic of the increasing disintegration of the late Vietnam War military, something forgotten in the "thank you for your service" era we live in today.  Some elements of the U.S. Army were effectively combat ineffective by this time due to moral reasons, and the chaos had spread to the Navy. As part of the overall picture in the military in general, racial tension has become high in an era which saw the first large scale incorporation of black servicemen service wide, even though integration of the services had commenced in 1948.  The generally poorer education of African Americans contributed to that, as they were assigned to less desirable military duties.

The Navy had traditionally been almost all white up until this time, save for certain positions like mess stewards that had been assigned to racial minorities.  While this very much changed during the Vietnam War, the Kitty Hawk itself only had a 7%  African American population.  It was nonetheless tense as the volunteer African American sailors sought to break color boundaries.  Added to this, the Navy had dropped recruiting standards during the very late Vietnam War as the risk of being drafted decreased and the military fell into disdain.  Part of this saw an effort to recruit sailors for career training purposes, but this had the accidental impact of recruiting those who had been educationally disadvantaged.  This dropped the overall effectiveness of the Navy's junior enlisted ranks.

The Kitty Hawk had been experiencing rising racial tensions for weeks. On this day, black Airman Apprentice Terry Avinger went to the mess deck and requested two sandwiches, which a white mess cook refused to give him.  Avinger reached across the food line and took a second one, which resulted in a shouting match which rapidly escalated.  Avinger reported the situation to his bunkmates and urged reprisals which resulted in an African American violent reaction.  Ultimately, the Marines intervened and restored a sense of calm, but the matter was not defused until African American/Native American XO Ben Cloud intervened and talked the rioters down.  Prior to this, the Marine Corps detachment, which was commanded by a black officer, was prepared to simply storm the quarters occupied by the rioters.  This ended Cloud's carrier, perhaps in part as he thought it prudent to give the Black Power Salute to the rioting party to show his unity with their complaints.  With that, the ship returned to war duty.

Six weeks later, twenty-seven black sailors were arrested and charged with due to the incident, twenty-one of whom requested trials.  No white sailors were arrested.  Cloud testified in the trial that the Marines had acted to enforce orders to break up parties of three or more sailors only on black sailors.

Four sailors were convicted of rioting.  Fourteen were convicted of assault.  Four were found not guilty of all charges.  Five sailors had the charges against them dropped.

Cloud.

Cloud, whose intervention had defused the situation, had effectively sacrificed his career under the odd informal rules that existed in the Navy.  He was not in command of the vessel, and by some accounts the situation that gave rise to the incident was due in part to the ineffectiveness on the situation giving rise to it exhibited by the actual commander of the vessel, although it has been noted that he coordinated with Cloud's suggested approach, which he was reluctant to try at first.  Had Cloud not intervened, chances are high that the Marines would have killed some of the sailors involved, which likely would have ended the career of the vessel's commander.  Cloud went on to a career as a commercial aviator.

Avinger, who had a rough childhood and who was 18 at the time of the incident, had a string of disciplinary infractions prior to this incident and ended up in the brig due to it.  Indeed, he'd nearly been separated from the Navy in basic training, and only received his apprentice assignment after writing the vessel's commander requesting a second chance due to a different disciplinary event.  He was discharged from the Navy in 1973.  He was incarcerated twice between 1973 and 1984, at which time he used his jail time to study for a new career, becoming an alcohol and drug councillor. In that capacity, he ended up working for Amtrak.  He later expressed remorse for what had occurred.

It's sometimes noted that the U.S. Navy has never had a mutiny.  If that's true, it's at least arguable that it never had one, as it refused to recognize this event as one.

Monday, October 12, 1942. The Home Front

Franklin Roosevelt, on this day in 1942, addressed the nation in a fireside chat.

My fellow Americans:

As you know, I have recently come back from a trip of inspection of camps and training stations and war factories.

The main thing that I observed on this trip is not exactly news. It is the plain fact that the American people are united as never before in their determination to do a job and to do it well.

This whole nation of one hundred and thirty million free men, women and children is becoming one great fighting force. Some of us are soldiers or sailors, some of us are civilians. Some of us are fighting the war in airplanes five miles above the continent of Europe or the islands of the Pacific -- and some of us are fighting it in mines deep doom in the earth of Pennsylvania or Montana. A few of us are decorated with medals for heroic achievement, but all of us can have that deep and permanent inner satisfaction that comes from doing the best we know how -- each of us playing an honorable part in the great struggle to save our democratic civilization.

Whatever our individual circumstances or opportunities -we are all in it, and our spirit is good, and we Americans and our allies are going to win -- and do not let anyone tell you anything different.

That is the main thing that I saw on my trip around the country -- unbeatable spirit. If the leaders of Germany and Japan could have come along with me, and had seen what I saw, they would agree with my conclusions. Unfortunately, they were unable to make the trip with me. And that is one reason why we are carrying our war effort overseas -- to them.

With every passing week the war increases in scope and intensity. That is true in Europe, in Africa, in Asia, and on all the seas.

The strength of the United Nations is on the upgrade in this war. The Axis leaders, on the other hand, know by now that they have already reached their full strength, and that their steadily mounting losses in men and material cannot be fully replaced. Germany and Japan are already realizing what the inevitable result will be when the total strength of the United Nations hits them -- at additional places on the earth's surface.

One of the principal weapons of our enemies in the past has been their use of what is called "The War of Nerves." They have spread falsehood and terror; they have started Fifth Columns everywhere; they have duped the innocent; they have fomented suspicion and hate between neighbors; they have aided and abetted those people in other nations -- (even) including our own -- whose words and deeds are advertised from Berlin and from Tokyo as proof of our disunity.

The greatest defense against all such propaganda, of course, is the common sense of the common people -- and that defense is prevailing.

The "War of Nerves" against the United Nations is now turning into a boomerang. For the first time, the Nazi propaganda machine is on the defensive. They begin to apologize to their own people for the repulse of their vast forces at Stalingrad, and for the enormous casualties they are suffering. They are compelled to beg their overworked people to rally their weakened production. They even publicly admit, for the first time, that Germany can be fed only at the cost of stealing food from the rest of Europe.

They are proclaiming that a second front is impossible; but, at the same time, they are desperately rushing troops in all directions, and stringing barbed wire all the way from the coasts of Finland and Norway to the islands of the Eastern Mediterranean. Meanwhile, they are driven to increase the fury of their atrocities.

The United Nations have decided to establish the identity of those Nazi leaders who are responsible for the innumerable acts of savagery. As each of these criminal deeds is committed, it is being carefully investigated; and the evidence is being relentlessly piled up for the future purposes of justice.

We have made it entirely clear that the United Nations seek no mass reprisals against the populations of Germany or Italy or Japan. But the ring leaders and their brutal henchmen must be named, and apprehended, and tried in accordance with the judicial processes of criminal law.

There are now millions of Americans in army camps, in naval stations, in factories and in shipyards.

Who are these millions upon whom the life of our country depends? What are they thinking? What are their doubts? (and) What are their hopes? And how is the work progressing?

The Commander-in-Chief cannot learn all of the answers to these questions in Washington. And that is why I made the trip I did.

It is very easy to say, as some have said, that when the President travels through the country he should go with a blare of trumpets, with crowds on the sidewalks, with batteries of reporters and photographers -- talking and posing with all of the politicians of the land.

But having had some experience in this war and in the last war, I can tell you very simply that the kind of trip I took permitted me to concentrate on the work I had to do without expending time, meeting all the demands of publicity. And -- I might add -- it was a particular pleasure to make a tour of the country without having to give a single thought to politics.

I expect to make other trips for similar purposes, and I shall make them in the same way.

In the last war, I had seen great factories; but until I saw some of the new present-day plants, I had not thoroughly visualized our American war effort. Of course, I saw only a small portion of all our plants, but that portion was a good cross-section, and it was deeply impressive.

The United States has been at war for only ten months, and is engaged in the enormous task of multiplying its armed forces many times. We are by no means at full production level yet. But I could not help asking myself on the trip, where would we be today if the Government of the United States had not begun to build many of its factories for this huge increase more than two years ago, more than a year before war was forced upon us at Pearl Harbor?

We have also had to face the problem of shipping. Ships in every part of the world continue to be sunk by enemy action. But the total tonnage of ships coming out of American, Canadian and British shipyards, day by day, has increased so fast that we are getting ahead of our enemies in the bitter battle of transportation.

In expanding our shipping, we have had to enlist many thousands of men for our Merchant Marine. These men are serving magnificently. They are risking their lives every hour so that guns and tanks and planes and ammunition and food may be carried to the heroic defenders of Stalingrad and to all the United Nations' forces all over the world.

A few days ago I awarded the first Maritime Distinguished Service Medal to a young man -- Edward F. Cheney of Yeadon, Pennsylvania -- who had shown great gallantry in rescuing his comrades from the oily waters of the sea after their ship had been torpedoed. There will be many more such acts of bravery.

In one sense my recent trip was a hurried one, out through the Middle West, to the Northwest, down the length of the Pacific Coast and back through the Southwest and the South. In another sense, however, it was a leisurely trip, because I had the opportunity to talk to the people who are actually doing the work -- management and labor alike -- on their own home grounds. And it gave me a fine chance to do some thinking about the major problems of our war effort on the basis of first things first.

As I told the three press association representatives who accompanied me, I was impressed by the large proportion of women employed -- doing skilled manual (work) labor running machines. As time goes on, and many more of our men enter the armed forces, this proportion of women will increase. Within less than a year from now, I think, there will probably be as many women as men working in our war production plants.

I had some enlightening experiences relating to the old saying of us men that curiosity -- inquisitiveness -- is stronger among woman. I noticed (that), frequently, that when we drove unannounced down the middle aisle of a great plant full of workers and machines, the first people to look up from their work were the men -- and not the women. It was chiefly the men who were arguing as to whether that fellow in the straw hat was really the President or not.

So having seen the quality of the work and of the workers on our production lines -- and coupling these firsthand observations with the reports of actual performance of our weapons on the fighting fronts -- I can say to you that we are getting ahead of our enemies in the battle of production.

And of great importance to our future production was the effective and rapid manner in which the Congress met the serious problem of the rising cost of living. It was a splendid example of the operation of democratic processes in wartime.

The machinery to carry out this act of the Congress was put into effect within twelve hours after the bill was signed. The legislation will help the cost-of-living problems of every worker in every factory and on every farm in the land.

In order to keep stepping up our production, we have had to add millions of workers to the total labor force of the Nation. And as new factories came into operation, we must find additional millions of workers.

This presents a formidable problem in the mobilization of manpower.

It is not that we do not have enough people in this country to do the job. The problem is to have the right numbers of the right people in the right places at the right time.

We are learning to ration materials, and we must now learn to ration manpower.

The major objectives of a sound manpower policy are:

First, to select and train men of the highest fighting efficiency needed for our armed forces in the achievement of victory over our enemies in combat.

Second, to man our war industries and farms with the workers needed to produce the arms and munitions and food required by ourselves and by our fighting allies to win this war.

In order to do this, we shall be compelled to stop workers from moving from one war job to another as a matter of personal preference; to stop employers from stealing labor from each other; to use older men, and handicapped people, and more women, and even grown boys and girls, wherever possible and reasonable, to replace men of military age and fitness; to train new personnel for essential war work; and to stop the wastage of labor in all non-essential activities.

There are many other things that we can do, and do immediately, to help meet (the) this manpower problem.

The school authorities in all the states should work out plans to enable our high school students to take some time from their school year, (and) to use their summer vacations, to help farmers raise and harvest their crops, or to work somewhere in the war industries. This does not mean closing schools and stopping education. It does mean giving older students a better opportunity to contribute their bit to the war effort. Such work will do no harm to the students.

People should do their work as near their homes as possible. We cannot afford to transport a single worker into an area where there is already a worker available to do the job.

In some communities, employers dislike to employ women. In others they are reluctant to hire Negroes. In still others, older men are not wanted. We can no longer afford to indulge such prejudices or practices.

Every citizen wants to know what essential war work he can do the best. He can get the answer by applying to the nearest United States Employment Service office. There are four thousand five hundred of these offices throughout the Nation. They (are) form the corner grocery stores of our manpower system. This network of employment offices is prepared to advise every citizen where his skills and labors are needed most, and to refer him to an employer who can utilize them to best advantage in the war effort.

Perhaps the most difficult phase of the manpower problem is the scarcity of farm labor in many places. I have seen evidences of the fact, however, that the people are trying to meet it as well as possible.

In one community that I visited a perishable crop was harvested by turning out the whole of the high school for three or four days.

And in another community of fruit growers the usual Japanese labor was not available; but when the fruit ripened, the banker, the butcher, the lawyer, the garage man, the druggist, the local editor, and in fact every able-bodied man and woman in the town, left their occupations, (and) went out gathering(ed) the fruit, and sent it to market.

Every farmer in the land must realize fully that his production is part of war production, and that he is regarded by the Nation as essential to victory. The American people expect him to keep his production up, and even to increase it. We will use every effort to help him to get labor; but, at the same time, he and the people of his community must use ingenuity and cooperative effort to produce crops, and livestock and dairy products.

It may be that all of our volunteer effort -- however well intentioned and well administered -- will not suffice wholly to solve (the) this problem. In that case, we shall have to adopt new legislation. And if this is necessary, I do not believe that the American people will shrink from it.

In a sense, every American, because of the privilege of his citizenship, is a part of the Selective Service.

The Nation owes a debt of gratitude to the Selective Service Boards. The successful operation of the Selective Service System and the way it has been accepted by the great mass of our citizens give us confidence that if necessary, the same principle could be used to solve any manpower problem.

And I want to say also a word of praise and thanks (for) to the more than ten million people, all over the country, who have volunteered for the work of civilian defense -- and who are working hard at it. They are displaying unselfish devotion in the patient performance of their often tiresome and always anonymous tasks. In doing this important neighborly work they are helping to fortify our national unity and our real understanding of the fact that we are all involved in this war.

Naturally, on my trip I was most interested in watching the training of our fighting forces.

All of our combat units that go overseas must consist of young, strong men who have had thorough training. (A) An Army division that has an average age of twenty-three or twenty-four is a better fighting unit than one which has an average age of thirty-three or thirty-four. The more of such troops we have in the field, the sooner the war will be won, and the smaller will be the cost in casualties.

Therefore, I believe that it will be necessary to lower the present minimum age limit for Selective Service from twenty years down to eighteen. We have learned how inevitable that is -- and how important to the speeding up of victory.

I can very thoroughly understand the feelings of all parents whose sons have entered our armed forces. I have an appreciation of that feeling and so has my wife.

I want every father and every mother who has a son in the service to know --again, from what I have seen with my own eyes -- that the men in the Army, Navy and Marine Corps are receiving today the best possible training, equipment and medical care. And we will never fail to provide for the spiritual needs of our officers and men under the Chaplains of our armed services.

Good training will save many, many lives in battle. The highest rate of casualties is always suffered by units comprised of inadequately trained men.

We can be sure that the combat units of our Army and Navy are well manned, (and) well equipped, (and) well trained. Their effectiveness in action will depend upon the quality of their leadership, and upon the wisdom of the strategic plans on which all military operations are based.

I can say one thing about (our) these plans of ours: They are not being decided by the typewriter strategists who expound their views in the press or on the radio.

One of the greatest of American soldiers, Robert E. Lee, once remarked on the tragic fact that in the war of his day all of the best generals were apparently working on newspapers instead of in the Army. And that seems to be true in all wars.

The trouble with the typewriter strategists is that while they may be full of bright ideas, they are not in possession of much information about the facts or problems of military operations.

We, therefore, will continue to leave the plans for this war to the military leaders.

The military and naval plans of the United States are made by the Joint Staff of the Army and Navy which is constantly in session in Washington. The Chiefs of this Staff are Admiral Leahy, General Marshall, Admiral King and General Arnold. They meet and confer regularly with representatives of the British Joint Staff, and with representatives of Russia, China, the Netherlands, Poland, Norway, the British Dominions and other nations working in the common cause.

Since this unity of operations was put into effect last January, there has been a very substantial agreement between these planners, all of whom are trained in the profession of arms -- air, sea and land -- from their early years. As Commander-in-Chief I have at all times also been in substantial agreement.

As I have said before, many major decisions of strategy have been made. One of them -- on which we have all agreed -- relates to the necessity of diverting enemy forces from Russia and China to other theaters of war by new offensives against Germany and Japan. An announcement of how these offensives are to be launched, and when, and where, cannot be broadcast over the radio at this time.

We are celebrat(e)ing today the exploit of a bold and adventurous Italian --Christopher Columbus -- who with the aid of Spain opened up a new world where freedom and tolerance and respect for human rights and dignity provided an asylum for the oppressed of the old world.

Today, the sons of the New World are fighting in lands far distant from their own America. They are fighting to save for all mankind, including ourselves, the principles which have flourished in this new world of freedom.

We are mindful of the countless millions of people whose future liberty and whose very lives depend upon permanent victory for the United Nations.

There are a few people in this country who, when the collapse of the Axis begins, will tell our people that we are safe once more; that we can tell the rest of the world to "stew in its own juice"; that never again will we help to pull "the other fellow's chestnuts from the fire"; that the future of civilization can jolly well take care of itself insofar as we are concerned.

But it is useless to win battles if the cause for which we fight these battles is lost. It is useless to win a war unless it stays won.

We, therefore, fight for the restoration and perpetuation of faith and hope and peace throughout the world.

The objective of today is clear and realistic. It is to destroy completely the military power of Germany, Italy and Japan to such good purpose that their threat against us and all the other United Nations cannot be revived a generation hence.

We are united in seeking the kind of victory that will guarantee that our grandchildren can grow and, under Gods may live their lives, free from the constant threat of invasion, destruction, slavery and violent death.

As Sarah Sundin reports, the US took an odd approach on this day on one of its "enemy alien" classifications:

Today in World War II History—October 12, 1942: Restrictions are lifted against Italian nationals living as long-term residents in US—no longer classified as enemy aliens and not required to carry ID cards.

Why this applied to Italian's of long U.S. residence, but not the Japanese, is hard to fathom.

The Battle of Cape Esperance, discussed yesterday, concluded in an American victory.  Japanese admiral Aritomo Goto, age 54, was a fatal Japanese casualty of the battle.  The Battle of Bowmanville, the Canadian POW uprising, also concluded.