Sunday, April 29, 1923. No to the World Court

No to the World Court was the GOP theme.  Probably not a lot different from it would be now.

Out Our Way depicted a man and a boy hunting for night crawlers, no doubt to use as bait fishing.

I recall doing the very same thing as a kid.

Saturday, April 28, 1923. Measuring

The Saturday magazines were out.

The SS Deutschland was launched. The passenger ship of the Hamburg American line would go into Kreigsmarine service in 1940 as an accommodation ship.  In 1945 she was converted to a hospital ship but insufficient paint existed in order to paint her entirely white.  She was sunk in May 1945.

Wembley Stadium hosted its first event.

McGreen & Harris, 4/28/23

Williams ran a wordless classic.

Manual Jobs that have disappeared. Railroad Crossing Watchman.

This is the Out Our Way cartoon from April 21, 1923, courtesy of Reddit's 100 Years Ago sub.

The thing that surprises me here is that it never occurred to me that there were human manned railroad crossings, but as this photo shows, they existed into the 1940s at least:

Railroad crossing, Beaumont, Texas, May 1943.

Indeed, in looking it up, it seems like the modern type of crossing with the lowering arms came about in the 1950s.  An earlier automatic type called a "wig wag" was patented in 1909, but it must not have had universal use.

By Richamos - I took the picture with my own camera, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6347827

This brings up a number of interesting things, including that signals just weren't what they now are.  This likely explains why railroad crossing accidents were seemingly so common, such as this one, which was discussed in the Casper Daily Tribune about an April 20, 1923 accident.

But another matter, while the world is seemingly getting safer, there's less of a role for humans in it.

We've discussed this before, but automation is eliminating jobs, and has been, for a century.  Crossing guard attendants probably filled that job for a number of reasons, but one of the reasons likely was that some of the occupants of that position simply were suited for a job with pretty much no skills whatsoever, and were fine with a long day to themselves.  Where are they now?  Some of them are unemployed and unemployable.

And with the arrival of AI, this will rapidly expand into the white collar and professional world. We're making a world we literally can't live in.

Saturday, January 20, 1923. Children singing, railroad mergers, German mines, and when masks didn't cause political posturing.

 

As it was Saturday, the Saturday Evening Post hit the stands.  On this occasion it had an illustration of children playing music, probably loudly but badly, by Alan Foster.

For some reason, uploaded versions of period illustrations from the Saturday newsstands are a lot harder to find after late 1922 for a while.  Probably the drama of the war and the comparative lack of drama of the early 20s was the reason. The Country Gentleman hit the stands with an excellent illustration of Independence Hall.  Judge had a fascinating, nearly photo realistic painting of flappers in a club.

The Canadian Northern Railway and the Canadian Government Railways merged into the Canadian National Railway.  The merger of the CNR and the CGR was forced by the government due to the financial failure of the CNR, although at one time the railroad had steamships as well as trains.

The CNN is one of the world's great railways, spanning all of Canada and the Eastern United States.

You'll note that the creation of this system is either an application of the American System of economics, albeit in Canada, or of Socialism. At one time the nationalization of railroads was not the controvery it would be now.

The French arrested twenty-one German mine operators for failure to cooperate in the occupation, and Essen's banks all voluntarily closed.

The London Daily Mirror ran this cartoon:

Some current Chicago expats in the solon in Cheyenne would likely take offense.

As odd as it is to realize it, with yesterday being the birthdate for Janis Joplin, this is the same for Slim Whitman.  The country music star who came to prominence in the 50s, but who continued to record through the 90s, died at age 90 in 2013.

Thursday, December 28, 1922. Communists delegates meet to give their nations up into tyranny.

Deluded Bolshevik delegates met in Moscow to surrender their region's sovereignty to the Russian dominated Moscow based Communist Party in a single evil state. The acolytes of this barbarity were from Russia, the Transcaucasia, Ukraine and Belorussian, thereby providing a vehicle for the reassembly of the Russian Empire in an even more malignant form, with repercussions that live to this day.

Chances are fairly good that most of the delegates later met brutal ends at the ends at the hands of the Communist Party itself during Stalin's period of leadership.

Henry Cabot Lodge read a message from President Harding that the United States would not consider the cancellation of war debt as a precondition to participating in a world economic summit.

The legendary cartoonist Stan Lee was born.

The first Conference of Senior Circuit Judges met, with Chief Justice William Howard Taft presiding.

Michael Ramierez: The Trigger: Gun Or Culture

This photo is directly linked into a newspaper,s o you can track the post back.
 

Sunday, November 26, 1922. Peanuts, Colorado's, and Gallipoli.

Today is the 100th anniversary of the birth of Charles Schultz, the great cartoonist.

Schultz was born in Minneapolis and grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota.  He was an only child that loved drawing from the beginning.  He was conscripted in 1943 and served as an infantryman, narrowly avoiding killing a German soldier towards the end of t he war as he fogot to load the  M2HB machine gun he was assigned to.

After the war, he first worked for the Catholic comic magazine Timeless Topix.  Peanuts had its first appearance, of sorts, in 1947.

I don't have a clue what this photograph is supposed to depict, and only know that it was taken on this day in 1922.

Opera singer Beniamino Gigli and Paul Longone, general manager of the Chicago City Opera Company.

The first popular election for the position of President of Uruguay was held.  José Serrato of the Colorado (Red) Party won.

Red would indicate, of course, it's left wing ideology, which it holds.  That's because red is the color of the left everywhere in the world, except the US.

Well, it wasn't always that way.  When John Birchers used to state "better dead than red" they didn't mean "better dead than a member of the Republican Party".  But later, some pinhead reversed the colors in the US as an example of moronic American Exceptionalism.  That individual should be sentenced to read Mao's Little Red Book every day for the rest of his life.

Anyhow. . . 

The United Kingdom turned control of the Gallipoli peninsula over to the Turks.

Dr. Jack premiered.

It was one of the most popular films of 1922.

Wednesday, November 22, 1922. Unintended Consequences.

 Tampa Bay Times, November 22, 1922.

A mine explosion in Dolomite, Alabama killed 90 people.

Wilhelm Cuno.

Businessman Wilhelm Cuno was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Friedrich Ebert.  It was an appointment, not an elective, commission.

An independent politician, Cuno would serve in the role for less than a year and then retire from politics.  He'd become an economic advisor to Hitler in 1932, which he didn't do long either, given his death in 1933.

Saturday, November 21, 1942. Hitler orders no withdrawal from Stalingrad.

Hitler issued an order precluding the German 6th Army from retreating from Stalingrad.

Hitler and Stalin were both fans of the "not one step back" type of order, which is easy to decree, harder to make a reality, and robs the local commanders of operational flexibility.

Tweety Bird appeared in a Warner Brothers cartoon for the first time, the same being A Tale of Two Kitties.

Tweety Bird in A Tale of Two Kitties.

Friday, November 17, 1922. Don't be a J. Walker.

Well known policeman and cartoonist Dick Mansfield in safety work lecture in Washington D.C., 11/17/22

The Irish Free State, which had come into existence due to a bunch of (mostly) men carrying around weapons and assassinating figures of English authority, executed James Fisher, Peter Cassidy, Richard Tuohy and John Gaffney. for "unauthorized possession of revolvers" in violation of the Public Safety Bill.

Defence Richard Mulcahy stated in the Dail;"People have to be shot. It was necessary to shock the country into a realization of the grave thing it is to take human life. These men were found in the streets carrying loaded revolvers ready to take the lives of other men. That's the simple case we have to put before the country."

The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI left the country, with the Ottoman Empire accordingly leaving history.  It had a long run, 1299 to 1922.

Prime Minister Benito Mussolini of Italy and his fascist government won a vote of confidence, 306 to 116.

Cliffnotes of the Zeitgeist XXXIX. Pretending

How you can tell that being "Gay" is no longer interesting.

I suppose it'll be controversial to say it, but everyone is well aware that some of the people who claim to be "gay", or more properly homosexual, only claim that for publicity's sake or because it's supposed to be edgy.  Others do, as they have weak personalities and adopt whatever trend is in the news, and its been in the news.

This doesn't mean that there aren't people with same sex attraction. There certainly are.  Indeed, the people who claim to be gay as it's trendy are an insult to people who actually have same sex attraction.

This sort of things is common with every sort of attribute.  Just a couple of years ago we had people who were claiming to be black, but weren't.  Claiming to be a Native American is another one, with at least one U.S. Senator and one college professor down in Colorado claiming that.  Claiming to be a veteran suffering from something is another, with all such people claiming that they saw really valiant service, rather than have worked in the mess hall in San Diego.

In the 30s, if you were of a certain type, being a Communist in certain circles was fun, until it suddenly wasn't.

Madonna has come out as gay.

She isn't.

She is, rather, in a stage of her life when she's no longer very interesting as window dressing. So she has to do something, now, doesn't she?

We might note that at this part, for people who have made such an extensive career as being heterosexual libertines, to claim that they're gay, really is a good indicator that its really not very interesting to people anymore.  I'm sure she'd claim to be a cocker spaniel if that was trendy, but it isn't. For that matter, being gay isn't either.

If she really wants to be in the news, and she obviously does, she should join the Ukrainian army. But then, that'd take real guts.

Or confronting her superficial past and making amends might, but people rarely do that.

Lying Little Feather

And, speaking of pretend, you have heard of Marie Louise Cruz, but as Sacheen Little Feather.  She became famous for appearing at the Academy Awards as the behest of Marlon Brando in order to receive his award for The Godfather.  Dressed in buckskins, she represented herself as a Native American and the protest was for Native American justice.

She wasn't a Native American.

Upset by the representation of their late sister regarding their late father, her sisters have come forward and revealed that in fact they're all Mexican American and that their father, whom Cruz portrayed as an abusive alcoholic, in fact didn't drink nor abuse anyone in the family.  He was, by their accounts, a hardworking immigrant who himself had had an abusive alcoholic father.

Cruz began portraying herself as a Native American in the very early 1970s, trying to obtain acting roles, which she was somewhat successful at doing, with the "Little Feather" persona.  Like Madonna, she stripped herself of her attire to be photographed, prior to becoming well known, appearing in an intended Playboy photo spread that was called "Ten Little Indians", apparently, as it featured ten Native American women.

Or at least ten who were thought to be Native Americans.

There's a quote in a San Francisco area newspaper about this episode.

“Sacheen Littlefeather, the Bay Area Indian Princess, and nine other tribal beauties are sore at Hugh Hefner. Playboy ordered pictures of them, riding horseback nude in Woodside and other beauty spots, and then Hefner rejected the shots (by Mark Fraser and Mike Kornafel) as ‘not erotic enough.’ Why do them in the first place? ‘Well,’ explained Littlefeather ‘everybody says black is beautiful — we wanted to show that red is, too.’ ”

That's obviously out of a different era.

Having said that, the title, and the concept of photographically exploiting Native American women's bodies was really pretty shocking then, even if it is more so now.

Well, the real tragedy, I suppose, was to her family, particularly to her father, who wasn't what he was accused of being.

‘Dilbert’ comic stripped from nearly 80 newspapers

Dilbert is funny.

This isn't something you can say about every cartoon.  Family Circle, for example, is not funny.  It may have been once, but it isn't anymore.

The same is largely true of Garfield.

It has to do with Lee Enterprises, which owns our local newspaper, as well as the one in Billings, which in fact frequently share news stores.

Lee also includes the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, which in an act of rebellion, and which saw its 34 cartoons go to 10, has been publishing letters of protest from its readership.

All of which goes to attack the frankly, flaming BS claim that modern newspapers tend to make that they're vital to the local reader.

One of the claimed BS benefits to reducing the cartoons is that they were making room for local newstories.  This is absurd, quite frankly, as anyone who ever picks up a thick old newspaper would know. Want more coverage, add it.  Poof, it's there.

And additionally, often children, whose young interests the papers claim to hold dear, often are first introduced to newspapers through cartoons.  Eliminate them, and there goes that readership.

Rotating door

A reporter from the local newspaper noted she's leaving.

No surprise, our local reporter position is a revolving door for cub reporters.  It's sad, really. The national paper company brings them in, and as soon as they're trained up, they move on.

Barnard College will offer abortion pills for students

So reads a headline.  This text followed.

Barnard applies a reproductive justice and gender-affirming framework to all of its student health and well-being services, and particularly to reproductive healthcare. In the post-Roe context, we are bolstering these services," Catallozzi and Grinage said.

Barnard apparently applies a lot of Orwellian babble as well.

Barnard is a women's college.  Whatever else it theoretically does, it's supplied to provide an education to the young women who go there, such that they'll be well-educated members of society who can be later productive in their chose endeavors.

"Reproductive justice" is something that, at least unless you are Chinese in which that would apply to struggles against injustice, doesn't rally mean anything whatsoever.  And gender-affirming frameworks have little to do with failing to control your own conduct.

Women's colleges have been in existence since 1836.  Weirdly, vast numbers of the students didn't end up pregnant at them in earlier eras, prior to "the pill".  It's almost like people were sufficiently educated that they knew what reproduction entailed, and how not to engage in it prematurely.

Weird.

More freedom, less government, and more cash?

The State gave out $6,600,000 in rent relief, funded by the Federal Government, last month.

This is interesting for a state that claims to hate Federal money like a Bar Tender hates the Temperance Union. We hate it just enough to hold our hands out.

I wonder how the "Less government, more freedom" party, at least one of whom new members is a prominent landlord, will react to this.

Will they turn down the Federal money?

Intellectual consistency would demand they would, tenants out on the street or not.

Guns bought through credit cards in the US will now be trackable

This is being treated in certain circles as disastrous, but it's really hard to get too concerned about it. So what?

Speaking of packing heat. . . 

Our current Interim Secretary of State has semi famously sported a sidearm all the time, although he's noted that he can't do that as Secretary of State, as the state government doesn't let you walk around inside its buildings armed.  UW doesn't let you do that on its grounds, either, but that didn't stop ISoS Allred from open carrying on the campus.

The concept, of course, is that a gun battle could break out at any time, and you'll be armed to address it.  If, however, that's what you are really worried about, concealed carry would make more sense, although I'd note that not everyone has the body to carry concealed.  Not everyone really has the body to open carry with that goal, either.

Anyhow, as this has now become a big deal in some circles locally, and those same circles make much of "less government, more freedom", and a "right to keep and bear arms" with no restrictions, implies the right to use them, is dueling now allowed?  It'd sure cut down on all that pesky civil litigation.

Friday, October 16, 1942. Reaching out towards Vichy.

The Allies agree on Operation Flagpole, the clandestine meeting of Allied officers with Vichy officers in North Africa in order to attempt to explore their cooperation in advance of Operation Torch.  The meeting would take place a few days later and secure the cooperation of significant elements of the Vichy forces.  The principal Allied delegee was Mark Clark, and the principal Vichy one, Charles Mast.

Charles Mast.

This showed the degree to which it was already known that officers in the French military had think loyalty to Vichy, which was the legal government of the country, and were ready, depending upon the circumstances, to switch sides, even while the French had been fairly consistently fighting the British in one location or another in Africa since the fall of France.

The Allies also started to form a commission to investigate war crimes.

A cyclone hit the Bay of Bengal, causing very heavy damage, and setting the region up for famine the following year.

Mighty Mouse debuted in The Mouse of Tomorrow.

Sunday, September 24, 1922: The September 11, 1922 Revolution (Επανάσταση της 11ης Σεπτεμβρίου 1922)

The Greek Army rebelled in the 11 September 1922 Revolution (Επανάσταση της 11ης Σεπτεμβρίου 1922) so named as Greece remained on the Julian calendar at the time.

This confusing event followed in the wake of public upset at the loss of the Greek effort in Anatolia, proving if nothing else that defeated armies are dangerous to their own governments, if to nobody else.

The rebellion led to the abdication of the king, who was on his second reign, having suffered from military discontent during World War One as well.  He'd opposed entering the war.  The Greek monarchy would be restored a few days later and King George II would take over, who would also have two reigns, one ending in 1924, and a second running from 1935 to 1947.

Berryman cartoon for this day in 1922.

Tuesday, August 8, 1922. An eventful Tuesday.

Here's more on the story involved in the photograph appearing above.

1922 - Into the Grand Canyon and Out Again by Airplane

Louis Armstrong made his first appearance with a major act, playing with King Oliver and his Creole Jazz Band in Chicago.

In Italy, Mussolini ordered Fascist Blackshirts to demobilize after recent strife.

Mussolini with the Blackshirts in October, 1922.

Irish Republicans raided the Western Union station at Valentia Island and severed the four remaining cables that linked the US and Ireland, although how that helped their cause or was intended to escapes me.

The HMS Raleigh ran aground on the Labrador coast and was lost, but without loss of life.

The vessel was almost new at the time.

A monarchist group in Vladivostok declared Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia to be the heir to murdered Czar Nicholas.  The rebel organization that convened the process to do so was headed by Gen. Mikhail Diterikhs. The Grand Duke was already living in exile and the fortunes of the remaining Whites were desperately poor.

Shogakukan, a Japanese magazine and comic publisher that is still in business, was founded.

Saturday, July 22, 1922. Perceptions.

Today In Wyoming's History: July 22: 1922 Mount Moran ascended for the first time.  the climb was made by LeGrand Hardy, Bennet McNulty and Ben C. Rich of the Chicago Mountaineering Club via the Skillet Glacier route.

Cleveland's bat boys posed for a photo.

The Chicago Tribune published its second cartoon of the week on how Americans viewed the nation.

Monday, March 20, 1922. Things Aviation, Leaving Germany, Out Our Way

Gen. Billy Mitchell, photographed on this day in 1922.

 

The USS Langley was recommissioned as the first U.S. Navy aircraft carrier on this day in 1922.  

She had originally been a collier.

The small carrier was converted, for a second time, to a seaplane tender in 1937.  Heavily damaged in action off of Java, she was scuttled on February 27, 1942.

President Harding ordered with the withdrawal of the remaining 4,000 troops from Germany by July.

The great cartoon Out Our Way by Canadian-born J. R. Williams began its run of 55 years.  The cartoon focused on snippets of small town, Army and rural life, featuring average rural characters, cowboys and cavalrymen.  It had many reoccurring characters.  Williams knew these characters well, having worked as a cowboy himself, and having done a six-year hitch as a cavalryman in the U.S. Army.

Out Our Way is, in my view, not only a really funny cartoon, it's frankly one of the few cartoons from this period that actually remains funny to contemporary readers.

A Daily Reading

Embedded link to: https://twitter.com/PiaGuerra/status/1500343849780088834

From the Lectionary, the first reading for today, March 10, 2022.

Queen Esther, seized with mortal anguish,
had recourse to the LORD.
She lay prostrate upon the ground, together with her handmaids,
from morning until evening, and said:
“God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob, blessed are you.
Help me, who am alone and have no help but you,
for I am taking my life in my hand.
As a child I used to hear from the books of my forefathers
that you, O LORD, always free those who are pleasing to you.
Now help me, who am alone and have no one but you,
O LORD, my God.

“And now, come to help me, an orphan.
Put in my mouth persuasive words in the presence of the lion
and turn his heart to hatred for our enemy,
so that he and those who are in league with him may perish.
Save us from the hand of our enemies;
turn our mourning into gladness
and our sorrows into wholeness.”

A reading for our times.

Book of Esther, Chapter 12.

Monday, March 6, 1922. The dawn of the cartoon magazine.

Maj. Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson, eccentric cavalryman, at that time, and founder of D C Comics was photographed.

Wheeler-Nicholson came from an unusual family, and he was an unusual character.  He achieved success very early as a cavalryman in the U.S. Army, and then went on to command infantry in the US military mission to Siberia during World War One.  He became an author in this time period but he seems to have struck people the wrong way and ended up in disputes inside the Army, one of which lead to his court marshal during this time frame. Adding to his problems, he was shot by an Army sentry shortly after this in an incident in which the sentry through he was trying to enter another officer's home, but which his family maintained was an Army sanctioned assassination attempt (which it surely was not).

In 1923 he'd leave the Army and become a pulp fiction writer.  Ultimately, he founded a franchise which essentially created the modern cartoon magazine.  Nonetheless, he never really profited from his efforts and lived in financial straights the rest of his life.

Monday, February 14, 1972. Made In China.

On this day in 1972, President Richard Nixon removed restrictions on American exports to the People's Republic of China. The ban had been in place for over twenty years.

This meant, of course, that things would soon work the other way around as well. . . the People's Republic of China could export to the United States.

Nixon was getting ready to visit the PRC shortly.

Dr. Suess' The Lorax aired for the first time on CBS.

Saturday, October 29, 1921. The birth of Bill Mauldin.

On this day in 1921, Bill Mauldin, the great World War Two illustrator (cartoon doesn't suffice to describe his work) was born in New Mexico.

Mauldin while a Stars and Stripes cartoonist.  Mauldin was a tiny man and always looked younger than his hears.  Here he's wearing a mixed uniform, including the wool lined zipper pattern field jacket that some mistakingly now refer to as a "tanker's jacket", a khaki shirt, OD trousers, and paratrooper boots. The boots were a gift from paratroopers.

Mauldin would ultimately become a Pulitzer Prize winning political cartoonist for the Chicago Sun Times, but he had an archetypical Western upbringing that impacted much of his personality. His father, Sidney Albert Mauldin, was the dominant person of his youth and was somewhat unstable.  A streak of instability existed in his mother's side of hte family as well.  His father, called "pops", was a very intelligent man but was given to starting and abandoning projects.  Mauldin claimed Native American heritage on his mother's side, and his own appearance suggested that the claim was well-founded.  It was noted in later years that the two characters of his World War Two cartoon series, Up Front!, resemlbed figures from his own family.

His father had served as an artilleryman in World War One and went on to be a farmer, but one who frequently started and abandoned projects of all types  His father's adoptive grandfather had been a civilian scout with the Army during the Apache Wars.  His parents ultimately divorced and Mauldin and his brother Sidney moved to Phoenix Arizona in 1937 to attend high school, with his brother as the primary caretaker, which unfortunately lead to at least an element of delinquency.  Mauldin started illustrating at that time and made money illegally painting pinups on spare car covers.  He did not graduate from high school and, like many men  his age, joined the local National Guard unit, in his case the New Mexico National Guard, when conscription commenced in 1940.  His talents quickly lead him to be an Army newspaper illustrator, and he is most famously associated with The Stars & Stripes.

Mauldin was a great cartoonist and illustrator, but he had a troubled life, probably caused both by his unstable youthful years and the Second World War.  He married his first wife Jean prior to shipping overseas in the war, but he was not faithful to her during the war, and she wasn't faithful to him.  This lead to a post-war divorce, although the marriage actually endured for well over a decade after the war, with the couple having several children.  He married twice more, but perhaps showing the true nature of his first marriage, his wife Jean returned to take care of him as he was invalided in his final months.

"Me future is settled, Willie. I'm gonna be a professor on types o' European soil."

Mauldin's wartime cartoons underwent a rapid evolution in every sense.  They were good early on, but perhaps not really notably different from cartoons that appeared in other military papers and magazines.  In North Africa, however, they suddenly changed and the brush and ink illustrations became very accurate illustrations, while still having a speaking cartoon element.  They were so accurate that only the outright illustrations of William Brody, which have no cartoon element to them at all, surpass them as American Second World War war art.

Yank magazine medic illustration by William Brodie

Indeed, Mauldin's illustrations are so accurate that a person can trace the introduction of uniforms and equipment, and when they were first used at the front, through his cartoons.  Zealous in his work, he traveled to the front for material and was wounded at Monte Cassino as a result, and therefore had the Purple Heart.  A few of his cartoons were censured by the Army for showing new equipment before its knowledge was widely known.

Mauldin's "dog faces" were not glamorous in any sense, and were routinely dirty and unshaven.  They complained about service life and about some things, such as the lack of new uniforms as they were introduced, frequently.  This famously lead him to be the focus of a blistering ill-advised lecture from Gen. George Patton, who hated his cartoons.

During the war Mauldin's Stars & Stripes illustrations were picked up by American newspapers, and he found that he was returning to a ready-made career.  He was uncertain of it however, and at first his cartoons focused on the lives of his two central characters as they went back into civilian life. Those cartoons always had a bit of a false nature to them, however, as it was clear that Willie and Joe only really knew each other due to their being in the Army, and having them as central cartoons in a civilian cartoon didn't make much sense.  Mauldin's cartoons had always had a bit of an "editorial" nature ot them anyhow, and soon he switched to editorial cartoons, although there was no clear demarcation line from one genre to the other.  AS this happened, however, his cartoons lost circulation.

They were good cartoons, however, and ultimately the St. Louis Post Dispatch picked them up.  In later years the Chicago Sun Times did, and he was associated as a first rate editorial cartoonist with both papers.  In retirement, after having been marred three times, he moved back to his native New Mexico.  

World War Two veterans never forgot him and the memory of his wartime cartoons remained fresh throughout his life.  He obtained the status as the greatest military cartoonist of all time, replacing Bruce Barnesfeather in that status during Barnesfeather's own lifetime.  His fame was such that he himself became a reoccurring topic in the great cartoon series "Peanuts", with the character Snoopy visiting him in the cartoon every Veteran's Day.

Colliers ran the following cover:

The Soviet Union announced that it would honor most of Imperial Russia's debt obligation.

The USSR, in spite of the image it was trying to portray to the world, was an economic mess and as continuing to face armed resistance within its borders.  Indeed, just earlier in the week it had been invaded by Ukrainian insurgents who were advancing in the Ukraine, having crossed the Polish border.  None of its neighbors was sympathetic to it, and it was desperately reaching the point where it was trying to secure foreign funding to rescue its economy and save it from starvation.