Thursday, May 2, 2024

Tuesday, May 2, 1944. Sensing a change.

As true now, as then.

The Second Battle of Târgu Frumos began in Romania, which would provide another example of the Red Army not doing well in its Romanian campaigns at this point in the war.

A Swordfish sank a second German submarine, the U-674, in consecutive days, in the Arctic.

The USS Parrott collided with the John Morton at Norfolk, Virginia and was severely damaged. It was never repaired.

Span stopped exporting tungsten to Germany under Allied pressure, a move that was risky given the German proclivity for invading allies that attempted to pack out of association with them.

In perhaps an even riskier move, the management of the Aubert and Duval steel works at Ancizes, France shut the plant down in cooperation with the French Resistance.

Or was it that it was obvious in France, and Spain, that the Germans would soon be leaving?

Last prior edition:

Monday, May 1, 1944. Unmet expectations.

Friday, May 2, 1924. Craters of the Moon.

President Coolidge placed an arms embargo on Cuba at the request of its government.  

Craters of the Moon National Monument was established.

WHEREAS, there is located in townships one south, one and two National Monument, north, ranges twenty-four and twenty-five east of the Boise Meridian, in Butte and Blaine Counties, Idaho, an area which contains a remarkable fissure eruption together with its associated volcanic cones, craters, rifts, lava flows, caves, natural bridges, and other phenomena characteristic of volcanic action which are of unusual scientific value and general interest; and

WHEREAS, this area contains many curious and unusual phenomena of great educational value and has a weird and scenic landscape peculiar to itself; and

WHEREAS, it appears that the public interest would be promoted by reserving these volcanic features as a National Monument, together with as much land as may be needed for the protection thereof.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America, by authority of the power in me vested by section two of the act of Congress entitled, “An Act for the preservation of American antiquities,” approved June eighth, nineteen hundred and

six (34 Stat., 225) do proclaim that there is hereby reserved from all forms of appropriation under the public land laws, subject to all valid existing claims, and set apart as a National Monument all that piece or parcel of land in the Counties of Butte and Blaine, State of Idaho, shown as the Craters of the Moon National Monument upon the diagram hereto annexed and made a part hereof.

Warning is hereby expressly given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy or remove any feature of this Monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof.

The Director of the National Park Service, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, shall have the supervision, management, and control of this Monument as provided in the act of Congress entitled, “An Act to establish a National Park Service and for other purposes,” approved August twenty-fifth, nineteen hundred and sixteen (39 Stat., 535) and Acts additional thereto or amendatory thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

DONE in the City of Washington this 2d day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and forty – eighth.

Sen. Robert Howell (R-Neb.) proposed that the Senate broadcast its proceedings via radio. 

Doing so would have cost $3,300,000 in 1924 dollars, which would be $100,000,000 now, thanks to inflation. The initiative died.

Last prior edition:

Thursday, May 1, 1924. Salt.

Wednesday, May 1, 2024

Monday, May 1, 1944. Unmet expectations.

The wounded German beast must be pursued and finished off in its lair.

Stalin, May 1, 1944.

Piper Cub over Italy, May 1, 1944.

Today had been the original D-Day in planning for Operation Overlord.

The Germans executed 200 Greek Communists in Kaisariani in reprisal for the killing of Gen. Franz Krech by the Greek People's Liberation Army.  Interestingly, the OSS and the SOE spread a rumor following the ambush that he'd been assassinated by the Gestapo for being an anti Hitler dissident. The falsification was an attempt to avoid reprisals on Greek civilians.

The Germans didn't buy it, and according executed the 200 Communist prisoners.  Greek collaborationist forces killed a further 100 suspected members of the Greek resistance, and the Germans a further 25.

Task Group 58.1 attacked Ponape from the air and from the sea.  Seven battleships were included in ship to shore bombardment.

The Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference was held in London.

The Soviets created the Medal for the Defense of Moscow and the Medal for the Defense of the Caucuses.

The U-277 was sunk in the Arctic by a Swordfish of the 842 Naval Air Squadron.

Patton had an uncomfortable meeting with Gen. Eisenhower and wrote about it in his dairy.

May 1, 1944

In spite of possible execution this morning I slept well and trust my destiny. God has never let me, or the country, down yet. Reported to Ike at 1100. He was most cordial and asked me to sit down, so I felt a little reassured. He said, “George, you have gotten yourself into a very serious fix.” I said, “Before you go any farther, I want to say that your job is more important than mine, so if in trying to save me you are hurting yourself, throw me out.” He said, “I have now got all that the army can give me—it is not a question of hurting me but of hurting yourself and depriving me of a fighting army commander.” He went on to say that General Marshall had wired him that my repeated mistakes have shaken the confidence of the country and the War Department. General Marshall even harked back to the Kent Lambert incident in November 1942—certainly a forgiving s.o.b.

Ike said he had recommended that, if I were to be relieved and sent home, I be not reduced to a Colonel, as the relief would be sufficient punishment, and that he felt that situations might well arise where it would be necessary to put me in command of an army.

I told Ike that I was perfectly willing to fall out on a permanent promotion so as not to hold others back. Ike said General Marshall had told him that my crime had destroyed all chance of my permanent promotion, as the opposition said even if I was the best tactician and strategist in the army, my demonstrated lack of judgment made me unfit to command. He said that he had wired General Marshall on Sunday washing his hands of me. (He did not use these words but that is what he meant). I told him that if I was reduced to a Colonel I demanded the right to command one of the assault regiments; that this was not a favor but a right. He said no, because he felt he would surely need me to command an army. I said, “I am not threatening, but I want to tell you that his attack is badly planned and on too narrow a front and may well result in an Anzio, especially if I am not there. He replied, "Don't I know it, but what can I do?” That is a hell of a remark for a supreme commander. The fact is that the plan which he has approved was drawn by a group of British in 1943. Monty changed it only by getting 5 instead of 3 divisions into the assault, but the front is too short. There should be three separate attacks on at least a 90 mile front. I have said this for nearly a year. Ike said he had written me a “savage” letter but wanted me to know that his hand is being forced from United States. He talked to the Prime Minister about me and Churchill told him that he could see nothing to it. That “Patton had simply told the truth.” Ike then went on to excuse General Marshall on the grounds that it was an election year etc. It is sad and shocking to think “fear of They”, and the writings of a group of unprincipled reporters, and weak kneed congressmen, but so it is. When I came out I don't think anyone could tell that I had just been killed. I have lost lots of competitions in the sporting way, but I never did better. I feel like death, but I am not out yet. If they will let me fight, I will; but if not, I will resign so as to be able to talk, and then I will tell the truth, and possibly do my country more good. All the way home, 5 hours, I recited poetry to myself.

“If you can make a heap of all your winnings

And risk them on one game of pitch and toss

And lose, and start at your beginning

And never breathe a word about your loss”

“I dared extreme occasion and never one betrayed.”

My final thought on the matter is that I am destined to achieve some great thing—what I don't know, but this last incident was so trivial in its nature, but so terrible in its effect, that it is not the result of an accident but the work of God. His Will be done.

General Leroy Lutes of the U.S. Service of Supply was here when I got back after supper and we gave him a briefing and entertained him. I hope to get some equipment as a result.

Last prior edition:

Sunday, April 30, 1944. Pre fab. Draft McArthur?

Thursday, May 1, 1924. Salt.


Iodized salt was introduced in the US, which addressed a pile of thyroid related problems.

Having had half of my thyroid cut out this year, I appreciate that.

It was Canadian pediatrician David Murray Crowe who became aware that the addition of sodium iodide or potassium iodide to salt could safely remedy the problem of iodine deficiency that was a leading cause of thyroid problems.

Benz und Companie and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft combined operations, but had not yet quite merged.

May Day demonstrations occured across the US.

Last prior edition:

Wednesday, April 30, 1924. More tornadoes.

Monday, May 1, 1899. Prisoners of the Philippine Republic.

USS Yorktown.

Admiral George Dewey reported that ten officers and crewmen of the USS Yorktown were taken prisoner by the Philippine Republic, exactly one year after the U.S. Navy's defeat of the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay.

Adm. Dewey.

Last prior edition:

Wednesday, April 28, 1899. Discussions in the Philippines.

Tuesday, April 30, 2024

Sunday, April 30, 1944. Pre fab. Draft McArthur?

US trucks being landed at Hollandia.

The U.S. Navy bombarded Satawan while the US air assault on Truk continued.

Prefabricated homes, aimed for the post-war market, went on show in London.

Draft MacArthur?


Last prior edition:

Saturday, April 29, 1944. More friendly fire, Raid on Truk, More German strikes in the Channel.

Wednesday, April 30, 1924. More tornadoes.

Tige, the Coolidge's cat.

Tornadoes killed 111 people in five southern states.

The lead plane in the transglobal flight effort, the Seattle, crashed in fog near Port Moller, Alaska. The crew was unharmed.

A short-lived rebellion broke out in Cuba under Gen. Laredo Bru.

Last prior edition:

Tuesday, April 29, 1924. The Townsend Fire.

Blog Mirror: What to say to a Republican who complains about the federal debt.

 

What to say to a Republican who complains about the federal debt.

Monday, April 29, 2024

Blog Mirror: Wyoming Chief Justice calls for increased security amid rising number of threats

 

Wyoming Chief Justice calls for increased security amid rising number of threats

Monday, April 29, 1974. Transcribing tapes.

The President I used to think was the benchmark for corruption, Richard Nixon, held a nationally televised speech in which he indicated that he had arranged to have his staff transcribe some of the White House tapes, and would do that rather than release them.

Patty Hearst as a member of the SLA made the covers of Time and Newsweek.

Last prior edition:

Saturday, April 27, 1974. Aeroflot disater, War of Attrition winds down.

Saturday, April 29, 1944. More friendly fire, Raid on Truk, More German strikes in the Channel.

Just a few days after U.S. ships shelled US Army troops at Slapton Sands in Operation Tiger in a friendly fire incident, the PT-346 was sunk, killing nine sailors and wounding nine, by Marine Corps Corsairs.

Lieutenant James Burk ordered medic John Frkovich to take his Burk's life jacket so he could survive and treat the wounded. Wilbur Larsen, USNR, received the Navy Marine Corps medal for saving wounded non-swimmer Forrest May's life.

Japanese torpedo bomber making a run on the Yorktown in a counter to the attack on Truk.

An American air raid on Truk destroyed most of the island's Japanese aircraft.

On New Guinea, the captured Japanese airfields at Hollandia and Aitape become operational for Allied aircraft.

The HMCS Athabaskan was sunk in the English Channel by the T24, once again showing active Kriegsmarine activity in the Channel.  The T24 picked up 83 men as prisoners, 44 were rescued by the Allies, and 123 went down with the ship.

The I-183 was sunk off the Bungo Strait by the USS Pogy.

The U-421 was sunk at Toulon in an American air raid.

Stars and Stripes, April 29, 1944.

While I can't post it due to an active copyright, The Saturday Evening Post came out with a classic illustration called "Arm Chair General" by Norman Rockwell.

Last prior edition:

Friday, April 28, 1944. Day Two of Execise Tiger.

Tuesday, April 29, 1924. The Townsend Fire.

In Casper, the well known fire in the Townsend Building broke out.


The building still stands, and still looks largely the same as it did in 1924, although its exterior would be renovated in 1934.

This building is not, of course, to be confused with Casper's Townsend Hotel, which is now the Townsend Justice Center.

And Councilman Royce was struggling to retain his position.

There was a huge tornado outbreak in the southern United States.


"His Master's Voice", Chicago Tribune, April 29, 1924.

Southern Rhodesia, which is now Zimbabwe, elected its first colonial legislature, with voting restricted to whites.

Last prior edition:

Monday, April 28, 1924. Another West Virginian Coal Mine Disaster.

Blog Mirror: A Super Tuesday for American Workers The Pitch: Economic Update for April 25, 2024

 

What Is Natural Law? — Minding The Campus

What Is Natural Law? — Minding The Campus: As with negative rights, there’s a lot of confusion regarding natural law. People use the term without much explanation of what it means, and those of us who are not trained lawyers or legal historians don’t want to reveal our ignorance by asking for clarifications. This is my attempt as a non-specialist to explain what […]

Sunday, April 28, 2024

This must have been problematic for immigrants crossing the Oregon Trail.

 


Friday, April 28, 1944. Day Two of Execise Tiger.

USS LST-289. Arrives in Dartmouth Harbor, England, after being torpedoed in the stern by German MTBs during an invasion rehearsal off Slapton Sands, England, on 28 April 1944.

We've already discussed Exercise Tiger and won't repeat what we set out there, but we will note that while focus on Tiger tends to be on the American loss of life it caused, it very well may have resulted in avoiding disaster at Operation Overlord.  


In that sense, Exercise Tiger might be remembered justifiably in much the same way that the August 19,1942 Anglo Canadian raid at Dieppe can be, a disaster whose lessons were so significant that the event is sort of a Pyrrhic defeat.  That is, the lessons learned as a result of the disasters encountered there were so significant they served to avoid them occurring on the beaches in Operation Overlord.

British family moving from the Slapton Sands area when it was being taken over as an exercise area.

Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox died.


Knox had been ill for a while, having suffered a series of recent heart attacks.  He was 70 years old at the time of his death.

A Bostonian, he's served with the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, the "Rough Riders", during the Spanish American War.  After the war he had been a newspaper editor in Michigan, where he was also the state chairman of the Republican Party.  He supported Theodore Roosevelt for President in 1912 and had agitated for U.S. entry into the Great War, in which he went on to serve as an artilleryman.  He was a Vice Presidential candidate in the 1936 campaign, on the Landon Knox ticket.  Roosevelt appointed the Republican Secretary of the Navy in 1940.  After Pearl Harbor, Knox, while still Secretary of the Navy, was shunted aside to a significant degree in favor of Admiral Ernest J. King, that being somewhat of a tradition by that time.

1944  USS Crook County, LST-611, named after Crook counties Wyoming and Oregon, launched. She was a landing ship, tank.

USS Crook County at Inchon, 1950.

The ship was a LST that served in the Pacific during World War Two and then again during the Korean War.  She was decommissioned in 1956.

Related threads:

Wednesday, August 19, 2022. The Raid On Dieppe.


Last prior edition:

Monday, April 28, 1924. Another West Virginian Coal Mine Disaster.

Ten years after the terrible disaster at Eccles, West Virginia, which killed 180 coal miners, 119 were killed in a mine explosion at Benwood, West Virginia.

Gov. Warren T. McCray of Indiana was booked into the Marion County Jail after being found guilty of fraud by a Federal Jury.

McCray had been an opponent of the Ku Klux Klan who helped figure in his conviction, although McCray admitted the truth of the allegations, which involved promissory notes and land speculation.  Becuase of the KKK's involvement, McCray was pardoned by President Hoover in 1930.  He lived out the rest of his days after serving three years of his sentence on his farm.

Last prior edition:

Sunday, April 27, 1924. Weimar warns.

Wednesday, April 28, 1899. Discussions in the Philippines.

The US demanded the unconditional surrender of the Philippine government, which was refused.

Discussions were being had, however.


Last prior edition:

Tuesday, April 27, 1899. The Battle of Calumpit