Wednesday, June 2, 2021

Subsidiarity Economics. The times more or less locally, Part III

February 18, 2021


The last part of this series wasn't all that developed, but I'm starting a new one.  The reason is, once again, the problem of eating the seed corn.

Not all of the economic news out there is bad for the state right now.  Oil, for example, is now at $60.00/bbl, above the profitability rate for the state's production.  We can't tell if that will hold, of course, and part of that is due to a refinery shutting down temporarily due to weather in Port Arthur, Texas.  Once the refineries get back on line, who knows.

Not all of the news is great either.  A coal mine, for example, is being shut down, making it one of two Powder River Basin coal mines closing forever, with the other in Montana.

Perhaps its the overall gloom caused by the Pandemic that is making things seem so bleak. We're now in year two of it and only now do we seem to be getting ahead of it. But even the news there isn't great.  The latest news is that the British strain of COVID 19 is both more infectious and somewhat more deadly than the original variant.  A South African cannot be prevented by vaccination with the current vaccines, although receiving them lessens the impact of the infection.  SARS-CoV-2 may be with us forever.

And the political news has been simply crazy.  From the election up through the inauguration we had a President who insisted he'd won when he had not, the first time in American history that this has occurred.   On January 6 his supporters attempted a coup, although they may have believed that they were defending democracy.  Some of them might not care either, as it seems that a section of the GOP no longer believes in democracy in the broad sense of accepting that opposing votes, no matter how cast, for whom, and by whom, are legitimate.

A section of that party, which is by far the most dominant in the state, had signed full on board for what Republican Senator Ben Sasse has called the "weird worship of one dude" and has been busy censuring Liz Cheney for her vote for democracy over that devotion.  A host of extreme right candidates has announced to run against her in 2022 and now a perennial far fight candidate has come out for another run at the Governor's office.  In normal times all of these candidates could be dismissed, and perhaps they should be now, but the times are so odd, a person must be leery.  Should this drift continue the state will be so out of sync with where the nation is now at, its voice will be unable to be heard at all.

Added to that the state government faces a budget crisis, as its relied on the fossil fuel industry so long, and it can't seem to find a way out of that, other than cutting.  And the things its cutting, more than ironically, are the very things that might lead us out of this rinse and repeat cycle.

The University of Wyoming announced its program cuts yesterday.

The University is cutting its Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, minors in the College of Business, Psychology Master of Arts, Chemistry Master of Science in teaching, Bachelor of Science in journalism, History Master of Arts in teaching, a joint program between veterinary sciences and zoology, Community Development Focus in Agricultural and Applied Economics, and Bachelor of Arts programs in secondary French, German and Spanish education.

A person could, I suppose, argue on any one of these but none of these look expendable to me.  I've sometimes been a critic of university programs here and I'll be frank that ones that end in "studies" are particularly suspect, as they tend to generate employment and application only within themselves, and on a very limited basis.  An academic purist would tell you that the purpose of education isn't to find employment, but unless you are a member of something like the late 19th and early 20th Century British noble class, that's pretty much thin sliced baloney.

All of these programs look to have utility to me.  Quite a few of them are devoted to teaching in some fashion and if recent events prove anything, we need some solid teaching in American society.  The joint programs appear well suited for unity.  The cutting of programs in language will serve to further dilute American grasp on other cultures. Language programs and requirements should be expanded, not relaxed. 

Some programs have reportedly survived so far, but aren't save yet. These include the Master of Fine Arts Creative Writing program and the bachelor’s and master’s programs in American Studies.  American Studies is about the only one of these programs I'm skeptical of. Its related, of course, to history, and if a person is studying in that field, they'd be better off with the broader degree in history for multiple reasons.

While all of this is going on we're still funding a quixotic suit over the transportation of rail to the Pacific Northwest, which at least is now as the Supreme Court stage so the added expenses shouldn't be massive.  A bill is pending down in the legislature to make the Attorney General's Office independent of the Governor's and an elective office.  This is likely due in part to dissatisfaction in some quarters with the Governor's declination to join Texas in a doomed form the onset and probably sanctionable suit over the recent election.

February 19, 2021

Governor Gordon sent a letter to the Department of the Interior complaining about a Biden Administration order requiring to Interior officials to approve all Federal oil and gas leases.  The Governor's letter complains about the added layer of red tape and asserts that this may cause the oil and gas industry to leave the state.

March 22, 2021

Governor Gordon and the governors of three other petroleum producing states joined together to urge Congress to pass Liz Cheney's SCALES Act, an act which would provide grants and low interest loans to carbon capture projects.

March 24, 2021

Governor Gordon Proclaims March 20 Hearty Meat Day

 

CHEYENNE, Wyo. – Governor Mark Gordon has signed a proclamation declaring Saturday, March 20 Hearty Meat Day in Wyoming. The Governor encourages Wyomingites to purchase and eat beef, lamb and other meat products on this day.

“Our Wyoming farmers and ranchers are amazing stewards of our environment. The meat they ethically produce is the best, and part of a healthy, balanced diet. It’s just downright good to eat,” Governor Gordon said. “Folks here know how important our ranching heritage is."

Governor Gordon’s proclamation invites the citizens of Colorado to join Wyoming in its celebration of Hearty Meat Day.

“I don’t know what those folks are doing down south, but a good barbecue is a great way to enjoy a Saturday,” the Governor added.

The Governor’s proclamation is attached and can be found here.

--END--

Wyoming Launches Lawsuit Challenging Biden Administration’s Federal Leasing Ban

 

CHEYENNE, Wyo. –  The state of Wyoming filed a lawsuit today challenging the de-facto moratorium on oil and gas leasing on federal land issued by President Biden and Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland. The suit asserts that Haaland’s implementation of the leasing moratorium contained in Executive Order 14008 is invalid under federal law.

“Following a careful review of not only the President's Executive Order, but its practical effect, it is necessary for Wyoming to protect its citizens and challenge the Secretary’s action,” Governor Gordon said. “Not only is this federal action overreaching, it was implemented without public input as required under federal law.”

The lawsuit was filed in Federal District Court of Wyoming and states that the Administration’s action violates the National Environmental Policy Act, the Administrative Procedure Act, the Mineral Leasing Act and the Federal Land Policy Management Act. The lawsuit asks the court to set aside the Secretary’s action and require the Bureau of Land Management to resume quarterly oil and gas lease sales, which have been suspended since the order was signed.

Governor Gordon emphasized that the President’s de-facto ban on oil and gas leasing will not meet the climate goals of the Administration, as production will simply shift to other countries with less stringent emissions standards.

“The world will continue to need and use oil and gas for the foreseeable future,” Governor Gordon said. “The question is whether it will be produced under the environmental safeguards in place on federal lands in Wyoming, or overseas without equally stringent regulations.”

In addition, the economic effects to Wyoming are devastating. A recent economic study indicated that thousands of jobs and millions of dollars of state revenue will be lost to the State of Wyoming.

Governor Gordon anticipates that other states will consider intervening after Wyoming’s action is filed. A copy of the suit may be found here

March 29, 2021

Oil and gas industry representatives have endorsed a Federal price on Carbon Dioxide emissions, something that has been sought by environmentalists.

Oil prices dropped to just over $63.00/bbl as the stuck Ever Given was partially freed.

April 6, 2021

State unemployment rates rose in February, but are still generally just somewhat over 5% except in some counties which are heavily oil and gas industry dependent, such as Natrona and Sweetwater Counties, where they are over 8%.  Counties with no connection to oil and gas are doing the best.

Added to that, the state last 15,000 workers in the last downturn, so the unemployment rate is somewhat artificially low.

April 8, 2021

Governor Gordon signed Senate File 03, a resolution on President Biden's oil and gas exploration hiatus on Federal lands.  It reads:

ORIGINAL SENATE ENGROSSED

JOINT RESOLUTIONSJ0003

 

ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 1, SENATE

 

SIXTY-SIXTH LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WYOMING

2021 GENERAL SESSION

 

 

 

 

A JOINT RESOLUTION requesting Congress and the federal government to reverse federal orders and actions that inhibit the safe development of oil and gas in Wyoming and that negatively and disproportionately impact Wyoming citizens and industries.

 

WHEREAS, the state of Wyoming contains abundant and vast natural resources that are and can be used for the production of energy throughout the United States and world; and

 

WHEREAS, Wyoming produces energy that benefits consumers and industries throughout the United States; and

 

WHEREAS, the energy industry in Wyoming provides millions of dollars in taxes and other revenues annually to the state of Wyoming; and

 

WHEREAS, the state of Wyoming and the energy industry have worked together for years to develop Wyoming's energy resources in a safe and environmentally responsible manner, including the development of technologies to promote the responsible development and use of Wyoming energy; and

 

WHEREAS, the federal government owns almost one-half (1/2) of the surface acreage within the state of Wyoming and more than forty-two million (42,000,000) acres of mineral estate in Wyoming; and

 

WHEREAS, federal decisions and actions banning, pausing or significantly reducing the production of energy negatively impact the economy of Wyoming and the livelihoods and well-being of Wyoming's residents; and

 

WHEREAS, President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. signed Executive Order No. 13,990 on January 20, 2021, which requires the federal Secretary of the Interior to unilaterally stop all federal leasing of oil and gas resources in Wyoming; and

 

WHEREAS, President Biden signed Executive Order No. 14,008 on January 27, 2021, which indefinitely pauses oil and natural gas leasing and calls for a comprehensive review of federal oil and gas permitting and leasing practices to evaluate potential climate impacts; and

 

WHEREAS, the President and various federal agencies have, since January 20, 2021, taken actions and issued orders to limit actions, permits and leases for oil and gas production, including a Department of the Interior order that revoked authority for issuing fossil-fuel authorizations, leases, permits to drill and the affirmative extension of leases and contracts; and

 

WHEREAS, these executive actions will lead companies to pursue energy development in other parts of the world where energy resources are not as environmentally responsible and where responsible energy regulations are lacking to where a net negative impact on climate emissions may likely result; and

 

WHEREAS, these executive actions severely and negatively affect the value of property held by the state and citizens of Wyoming in areas affected by these orders due to the fact that federal property is intermingled with private and state lands and oil and gas development often involves lateral drilling techniques which cross several classes of property; and

 

WHEREAS, these executive actions will adversely impact and jeopardize the employment of at least twenty thousand (20,000) Wyoming citizens who directly or indirectly work in oil, gas and related industries representing over seven percent (7%) of the total employment in Wyoming; and

 

WHEREAS, these executive actions may result in negative impacts to Wyoming's diverse wildlife and habitat, including a decreased ability to mitigate wildlife impacts, increased development on currently undisturbed lands and a decrease in quality habitat reclamation work; and

 

WHEREAS, these executive actions are causing immediate, disproportionate and extensive harm to the state of Wyoming and will inflict lasting damage on Wyoming residents, industries and the critical services upon which Wyoming residents depend.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WYOMING:

 

Section 1.  That the President of the United States rescind, reverse or repeal the executive orders that were issued in January 2021 that suspend or pause leasing, permitting, extensions and authorizations of oil and gas development in Wyoming and that will have an adverse impact on climate change and Wyoming's wildlife and habitat resources while inflicting irreparable and disproportionate harm on the state of Wyoming.

 

Section 2.  That the President of the United States direct all federal agencies to rescind, reverse or repeal any secretarial orders or actions that negatively impact responsible energy and energy technology development in Wyoming, including Department of the Interior Secretarial Order No. 3395.

 

Section 3.  That the Wyoming Legislature strongly opposes actions by or that direct federal agencies, including the federal Environmental Protection Agency, to unilaterally increase the burden on existing oil and gas companies in Wyoming and to increase the burden on those companies' facilities in Wyoming in an attempt to achieve climate-related goals that are unrealistic and that disproportionately impact the people of Wyoming.

 

Section 4.  That the Wyoming Legislature strongly supports the efforts of the Wyoming congressional delegation to prevent the President and the federal executive branch from unilaterally issuing suspensions and moratoriums on energy development in Wyoming, including the Protecting Our Wealth of Energy Resources (POWER) Act of 2021 and the Safeguarding Oil and Gas Leasing and Permitting Act.

 

Section 5.  That the Wyoming Legislature strongly encourages further congressional action to protect responsible leasing and permitting of oil and gas in Wyoming and to protect Wyoming's residents, energy industry and other industries that are negatively impacted by these executive actions.

 

Section 6.  That the Secretary of State of Wyoming transmit copies of this resolution to the President of the United States, to the Acting Secretary of the Department of the Interior, to the Acting Administrator of the federal Environmental Protection Agency, to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States Congress and to the Wyoming Congressional Delegation.

 

(END)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speaker of the House

 

 

President of the Senate

 

 

 

 

 

Governor

 

 

 

 

 

TIME APPROVED: _________

 

 

 

 

 

DATE APPROVED: _________

 

 

I hereby certify that this act originated in the Senate.

 

 

 

 

Chief Clerk


April 13, 2021

Natrona County School District No. 1 opted to retain an on line option for next semester. 7%, or 900, of the students opted for the same.

April 16, 2021

Governor Gordon Pushes Back on Biden Ban on Oil and Gas Leases

 

Governor stresses that cancellation of Federal oil and gas leasing sales was unnecessary in letter to Secretary of Interior

CHEYENNE, Wyo. – Governor Mark Gordon is standing up for Wyoming’s oil and gas industry in a letter to the Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland. He stated that the cancellation of Federal oil and gas lease sales during a “review” of the program was unnecessary and discriminatory to the people of Wyoming. 

Among other concerns, the Governor highlighted the lack of consultation with Western governors before the lease sale moratorium was put in effect. In addition, the Governor stated “Western states such as Wyoming are disproportionately affected by the freeze because of the amount of federal land and leases within our borders.”  He pointed out that “the eight Western states with federal oil and gas leasing programs will have investment losses of $2.3 billion, production value losses of $882 million and tax revenue losses of $345 million in the first year of the moratorium.”

The letter was issued in response to the Department of Interior’s call for informal public comment on the Biden administration’s federal fossil fuel program review, which included a virtual public forum on March 24. 

The Governor also stressed that the assertion that oil and gas companies have more leases than they can develop is not accurate for Wyoming.  Wyoming’s unique mix of federal, state and private surface and mineral rights requires oil and gas companies to make long-range plans for sensible and efficient development of oil and gas and prevent waste. It often takes many years for a company to successfully put together a drilling spacing unit for development.

In addition, the Governor noted that federal lands are not over-leased. Approximately 66 percent of the federal mineral acreage considered leasable (not including national parks, national monuments, Wind River Reservation or geographically unsuitable areas) is currently unleased.

The Governor also pointed out that Wyoming is a leader in the ability for oil and gas development to coincide with protection of wildlife.  Examples of that ability include the State’s extensive experience setting policies to conserveGreater sage-grouse and wildlife migration corridors. He also highlighted the State’s effective program of plugging abandoned or orphan wells. Over 1,000 wells were successfully plugged in 2020. 

Finally, Governor Gordon asked the Secretary to allow State Bureau of Land Management Directors to “dedicate time for deliberate and thoughtful consultation with Wyoming and other states that have effective regulation of development, solid environmental protections, and whose economies, livelihoods and way of life are dependent upon the federal energy programs that this administration proposes to reform. Policy changes to our bedrock program should not be based on a predetermined outcome without meaningful input from all stakeholders.”

A copy of the Governor’s letter is attached and may be found here

-END-

April 22, 2021

The Federal Government has cancelled oil and gas lease issuing through June.

April 23, 2021

Wyoming Joins 10-State Lawsuit Against Biden Over His Social Cost of Carbon Executive Order

 

CHEYENNE, Wyo. – Wyoming has joined Louisiana and 8 other states in a lawsuit to prevent the Biden Administration from implementing an act of job-killing executive overreach that threatens to impose more burdens and harms on the American people.

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are by-products of everyday activities in America today, including the production of electricity, natural gas, farming operations, a wide variety of industrial activities, the production of cement and other construction materials, and waste disposal. They are among the most common and prevalent byproducts of human economic activity.

In a recent Executive Order, President Biden established a “working group” made up of federal appointees required to establish a damages value based upon global environmental damages from climate changes. These values are referred to as the “social cost of carbon,” the “social cost of methane” and the “social cost of nitrous oxide.” The methods used to calculate these values are deeply flawed, dramatically inflate the alleged costs associated with these gases, and ignore the corresponding benefits of the underlying economic activity. Nevertheless, the President is requiring federal agencies to immediately begin quantifying the “global damage” of releasing carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide using these flawed numbers. 

“This Executive Order improperly changes how decisions are made by applying a selective and highly biased feel-good rationale that has the potential to significantly harm industries critical to the nation’s and my state’s livelihood,” Governor Gordon said. “Arbitrarily justifying any decision to fit political circumstances, including decisions that could be devastating to Wyoming’s energy sector, is not only bad policy, but is unwise.”

The executive order has wide-ranging impacts on decisions made by virtually every federal agency, including the Departments of Interior, Commerce, Energy, Agriculture, Transportation, Environmental Protection, Defense, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services and the U.S. Treasury. It is a very real thumb on the scale against the activities that make Wyoming and the nation’s economy successful. Through this suit Wyoming and its sister states seek to prevent President Biden and the federal government from using these inflated values in their decisions.  

In addition to Louisiana and Wyoming, the following states joined in the lawsuit filed this morning in the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, South Dakota, Texas and West Virginia.

A copy of the lawsuit may be found here

--END--

April 25, 2021

The Biden Administration has nominated Tracey Stone-Manning to head the BLM.

The move will be controversial as Stone-Manning is an established conservationist who was recently at the National Wildlife Federation where she focused on preserving public lands for non industrial uses, including wildlife conservation, hunting, and hiking.  She'll prove popular with Western conservationist but is unlikely to have support from the extractive industries and probably won't have support from agriculture.

Stone-Manning replaces William Perry Pendley who was a bizarre Trump Administration choice given his record of hostility to Federal land ownership itself.

Honda has announced that all of its vehicles shall be electric by 2040.

May 5, 2021

Wyoming Continues Fight Against Biden’s Oil and Gas Leasing Ban

 

CHEYENNE, Wyo. –  Governor Mark Gordon worked with the Attorney General to file a lawsuit against the Federal de-facto moratorium on oil and gas leasing. This week, the State of Wyoming filed a motion for a preliminary injunction in its lawsuit.

In the filing, Wyoming asks the Federal District Court of Wyoming for an injunction that orders the Secretary to hold quarterly oil and gas lease sales in Wyoming while the case is being considered, and orders the Secretary to hold the March and June 2021 Wyoming federal oil and gas lease sales as soon as reasonably possible.

“The current de facto leasing moratorium is bad policy for Wyoming and contrary to law,” Governor Gordon said. “This is a key action to protect the interests of Wyoming and her people.” 

Filed March 24, Wyoming’s lawsuit states that the Biden Administration’s Executive Order “pausing” oil and gas leasing on Federal lands violates the National Environmental Policy Act, the Administrative Procedure Act, the Mineral Leasing Act and the Federal Land Policy Management Act.

The Federal government has until June 1, 2021 to file a response brief. A copy of the motion may be found on the Wyoming Attorney General’s website. 

-END-

May 18, 2021

Woodworkers Supply is closing in Casper.

June 2, 2021

OPEC announced that its boosting oil production.  This is likely to reduce prices, which is to Wyoming's disadvantage as the price need to be up above $60.00 bbl to be stable.  West Texas Crude, the American bench mark, is at $68.00 bbl at the time I'm writing this.

While the rise in prices is not attributable really to anyone political act, and instead is attributable to the roaring developments in the economy as the globe emerges from the Coronavirus pandemic, this hasn't kept some politicians from trying to blame the cost of gasoline at the pumps on President Biden, as this post from Jim Jordan, coatless Congressman from Ohio implicitly does.

Rep. Jim Jordan
@Jim_Jordan
Make Gas Cheap Again.

Seriously?

Wyoming's Senator Barrasso, it should be noted, has made the same accusation.

President Biden suspended recently issued leases in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge.  As no wells had yet been drilled on the leases, which date back to January, this will have no immediate impact on the price of oil and gas, but probably signals what long term trends are likely to be, something the state should take note of.

Another thing that should be taken note of is the recent ransomware attack on an East Coat pipeline, something that definitely had a short term impact on the price of oil.  Attributed to Eastern European criminal elements at first, one of the weekend shows was pointing towards the Russian government over the weekend, in which case this is a species of act of war.  This was speculation, of course.

JBS SA, the Brazilian meat processing company that provides 25% of the meat supply to the US, suffered a ransomware attack itself.  

This points out how vulnerable the industry is globally, having come down to a handful of producers, something that really should be addressed in the trust busting fashion.

Related threads:

Eating the Seed Corn


The 2021 Wyoming Legislature, Part 1


Subsidiarity Economics. The times more or less locally, Part II

Blog Mirror: Mediaeval meets Modern – Grenade Throwers & Launchers of the Great War

 

Mediaeval meets Modern – Grenade Throwers & Launchers of the Great War

Blog Mirror: Rations and Rationing

 

Rations and Rationing

Tuesday, June 1, 2021

June 1, 1941. Spreading horror.

On this day in 1941, Crete fell to the Germans in the conclusion of a unique nearly all airborne invasion.  As we've noted elsewhere, the high casualty rate caused the Germans to abandon largescale airborne operations, while its impressive success emphasized airborne operations to the Allies which would later mount gigantic ones.

You can read more about that here:

Today in World War II History—June 1, 1941

On the same day, Nazi Germany banned all Catholic publications.

The Nazi regime was anti Christian in general and had long range plans to force the introduction of a new paganistic German religion to replace the Christian faith.  It was slow to try to force much upon Germans Christians, however, prior to the war as it was clear that Catholics would stoutly oppose it and, to their surprise, Lutherans did as well.  It slowly suppressed Christianity inside of Germany as time went on, with this being a major action against Catholicism.  Outside of Germany, where it was not restrained, it acted much more harshly, particularly in Poland where it violently suppressed the Catholic Church.

This follows an overall pattern that's rarely noted.  In its violent hostility to all religions, it was generally harsher outside of Germany than inside of it, although it was uniformly hostile everywhere.

In contrast, the Second World War saw a pretty open appeal to Christianity in the Allied nations. This would continue on into the Cold War to a degree.

Mass violence against Jews broke out in Baghdad resulting in a large, but undetermined, number of Jewish deaths.  This took place after the collapse of the Iraqi fascist regime but before the prior regime and the British could restore order.  Jews were the victims of an odd belief that they had somehow helped the British defeat the Iraqi fascists.

The British government imposed clothes rationing in the UK on this day in 1941.  It would continue until March, 1949.  The long continuance of rationing would help bring down the Labour government that year.

June 1, 1921. The Second Day of the Tulsa Massacre.


On this day in 1921 marks the second day of the rioting in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1920.  It was the day that fires destroyed what was labeled Black Wall Street.


The event, which began two days prior, has been termed the Tulsa Massacre.  We discussed the origins of this event in our post on 1921 yesterday.

Monday, May 31, 2021

Debating History


State Superintendent Jillian Balow’s Statement on Proposed U.S. Department of Education Rule Prioritizing Critical Race Theory Curriculum in K-12 Schools

Wyoming Department of Education > News Releases > State Superintendent Jillian Balow’s Statement on Proposed U.S. Department of Education Rule Prioritizing Critical Race Theory Curriculum in K-12 Schools

CHEYENNE – The U.S. Department of Education has proposed priorities for American History and Civics Education grant programs published in the Federal Register. Those priorities include encouraging districts to use curriculum related to divisive author Ibram X. Kendi and the New York Times “1619 Project.” This is an alarming move toward federal overreach into district curriculum and should be rebuked across party lines.

The draft rule is an attempt to normalize teaching controversial and politically trendy theories about America’s history. History and civics should not be secondary to political whim. Instead, history and civics instruction should engage students in objective, non-partisan analyses of historical and current events. For good reason, public schools do not promote particular political ideologies or religions over others. This federal rule attempts to break from that practice and use taxpayer dollars to do just that.

America needs to update and renew our expectations for teaching and learning about history and civics. Every school board, state legislature, and state superintendent should be working to build local consensus about what should be taught and what materials to use in classrooms. Every family should be engaged in activities that ensure the rising generation is properly prepared to be informed citizens. Every student deserves a rich and engaging education about America’s triumphs, treacheries, losses, and victories. Our touchstone is our shared principle that all Americans have infinite value and individual freedom and responsibility. We must strive to find common goals and values as a nation, not tear each other and our country apart.

The proposed federal rule is open for public comment until May 19 and can be accessed here, or by using the Google search for “Federal Register American history and civics education.” I intend to comment, and I urge you to research the issue and comment if compelled.

– END –

So stated a recent announcement by the Wyoming Secretary of Education, Jillian Balow.

Here's another view of the same topic, to a degree, by another educator:

Teaching History

It's well worth reading.

Let me be the first to admit, I don't know what's going on.

When the 1776 Report came out, I started a thread on this topic.  But then, just a couple of days later, Joe Biden was inaugurated and the report was pulled and the 1776 Commission axed.  It's back up now in a Presidential archive section.  I was going to post my thread anyhow after the inauguration, but time went on and then it seemed irrelevant, particularly in the wake of the January 6 insurrection.  Now, however, Administrator Balow warns;

Those priorities include encouraging districts to use curriculum related to divisive author Ibram X. Kendi and the New York Times “1619 Project.” This is an alarming move toward federal overreach into district curriculum and should be rebuked across party lines.

The draft rule is an attempt to normalize teaching controversial and politically trendy theories about America’s history. 

Is this right? I.e., is this a redrafting of history for a political agenda. Darned if I know.  It does bring to a head, however, how history is taught, and the nature of history itself.

This isn't a new topic by any means.

Let's get a little background and start with the 1619 Project, even though that isn't really the starting place for this overall discussion at all.  And let us first note, I haven't read it.  Indeed, when it first came up, via The New York Times for me, I didn't read it as I don't subscribe and couldn't get past the paywall.  From what I understand, however, the 1619 Project seeks to refocus attention on the introduction of race based slavery in the US and it may, or may not, take the position that this defines the US or at least the US economically ever since then.  That was in turn taken as an attack upon American history by some, and the 1776 Report was the Trump Administration sponsored counter.

The report generated a lot of controversy, a little praise, and a lot of condemnation.  The obvious purpose was to promote a patriotic view of American history and, for that matter, one that promoted the concept of American Exceptualism.  I read it (it wasn't long) and it appears to have been an anticipated introductory effort that would be further developed over time by the 1776 Commission that authored it. As they were sent packing, they won't be, at least for the time being.  The report clearly took the American with a mission approach in its work, but based upon my reading of the Report, it's one document wasn't exactly a magnum opus.  Maybe that's because it was introductory in nature.

You'll  frequently hear the argument that history was once approached the way that the 1776 Commission would have it in US schools, and should be again, but if that's true, it must have been quite awhile back, before I was in school, and that would therefore be a long ways back.  Prior to the 1970s anyhow.  I haven't had the occasion to read any public school history texts dating back that far, so I don't know the extent to which they took that approach.  Indeed, the only history item I know about grade school education, in history, in Wyoming from prior to the 1960s dates from the 1940s/50s and comes from The Cocktail Hour At Jackson Hole, which relates the author's amusement at grade school students being required to memorize certain dates in Medieval history.  While that amused the author, that impresses me, as there was certainly nothing like that going on when I went through school.

In contrast, I was really impressed with my daughter's high school history classes which were remarkably in depth.  I know a lot of history, but at one point she came to me and asked about certain specific policies from Weimar Germany that I certainly didn't know off hand.  That high school students were learning that, and being tested on it, was impressive.

Anyhow, there's been a debate going on about the teaching of history now for at least a full decade, or more like two.  The general concept behind the debate is that at some point academics who are political liberals took control of the field, or maybe every academic field, and students quit learning to be patriotic.  I probably didn't put that right, but that's because there's a number of ways to even consider this topic in terms of people's beliefs.  Some would argue that history has become diffused with a liberal agenda that teaches students to hate their country.  I've heard that argument specifically.  People who adhere to that view, want history accordingly corrected to reflect, they'd argue, the truth, as they see it, which is, coincidentally, largely praiseworthy of America's history.  Others would in fact flat out argue that people should be taught a history supporting patriotism, but they wouldn't at the same time regard this as boosting propaganda.

On the other side of this coin there are those who really do feel that American history needs to undergo massive historical revision, in the revisionist sense.  This actually feeds directly into the argument on the other side, as there actually are far left historians who take a very dim view of the US and its history.  It wouldn't go too far to say that some of these historians are Marxist, although that needs to be mentioned in a cautionary manner as there are Marxist historians in the west who write very conventional histories.  It's that they approach history from a certain social and economic view.  The recent excellent biography of Hirohito, for example, was written by a Marxist historian and it certainly isn't Communist propaganda in any sense.  On the other hand you have authors like the late Howard Zinn whose approach was more in the nature of propaganda than history.

Added to this, we have theories, like Critical Race Theory, which is discussed in the link above.  Critical Race Theory comes out of Critical Theory, which is in fact a Marxist way of analyzing society and power structures.  It's one of the disciplines of the far left which ironically became rooted in academia, with academia becoming massively expanded in the US post 1945.

From the prospective of a historian, even an amateur one, this debate is both fascinating and scary.  It's scary because history actually does involve the conveyance of facts and truth.  History does require interpretation, but that interpretation is mostly in-depth analysis and explanation, not bending it to your will.  When that occurs its no longer history, it's propaganda.  And history itself has taught that the bending of history to a will can pervert it, and that perversion can be extremely dangerous.  Indeed, the "stabbed in the back" myth the German populace bought off after 1918 gave rise to the disaster of 1939-1945, in perhaps the most dramatic example of what can occur when facts are tormented, twisted and eliminated to support the world outlook of a cause.

So let's look at this a bit deeper and where we seem to be at today.

Let's start first with piercing a common cliché.  It's not true that "history is written by the victors".

In free societies, history is generally ultimately written pretty straight, for the most part, but there are eras of revisionism, and propaganda. And that's the thing to keep in mind.  So the age old claim by some that history is always slanted, isn't really true in the sense in which it is made.  

It can be, however.

It can also be slanted, i.e., weighted towards something, and we'll take that up next.  I.e., there's only so much time to teach students and they have to be taught something that is, by its very nature, at the exclusion of something else.  I.e., you can't teach the history of Medieval Japan to 6th graders as that would omit the history of something more important and relevant to their lives, even though the history of Medieval Japan is fascinating.

And that gets to the next point, which we've already noted above.  Learning history is vitally important and, in a free society, that's all the more the case.  Learning what has happened allows a person to judge what to do now, and forewarns him, to at least some degree, on what may occur in the future.

Indeed, that's why, rather obviously, American students learn American history, and if you are a Wyomingite, you learn at least a little Wyoming history.  

And learning that correctly is vitally important to really grasping it, and indeed grasping what's going on now and likely to go on in the future.

And hence the argument.

The argument by people who have introduced the 1619 Project is that American students haven't learned "real" history.  As I haven't read the text, I can't judge that, but there's an entire set of works like this that back this view, some of them radically. The most well known example in recent times is A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn, which is popular with the heavily left leaning.  Zinn was a Socialist and indeed was suspected of being a Communist in the McCarthy era but denied it. Anyhow, I haven't read the text but a close relative of mine did at one time which resulted in something that's frustrating to historians, even amateur ones, in getting the frequent "did you know?" provided with a fairly extreme interpretation of something that, yes, I knew.

Indeed, I've been getting a little of this recently from a friend who has been reading Jill Lepore's We Hold These Truths.  I haven't heard anything that I didn't already know, so I'm not shocked by any thing I'm learning.

That may be because, as a Casper College professor who lead me astray career wise noted, that I have "an analytical mind" and I've never really been willing to accept any historical presentation without analysis.  Such is the curse of people with historical minds.  And additionally, fwiw, if you are a Catholic, and I am, you are already well aware that American history has tended to omit an entire stream of actions and deeds that don't square well with the national myth. [1]

None of which, ironically means that the national myth doesn't contain essential truths.  And all of which means that straight history, with analysis, to the extent we can provide it, is never a bad thing.

The national myth, of course, is that freedom loving American colonists rose up in 1774 to toss out the oppression of British monarchical tyranny, and since that time the country has been dedicated to the proposition of democracy. [2]  Everything we've done since that time, the myth holds, has been to advance the democratic rights of man.  I.e. "Liberty"

And there's an element of truth to that.

But there are large elements of falsity to that as well.

It was F. Scott Fitzgerald who stated what is an essential truth here we now need to keep in mind:

The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function.

Said another way, just because people express one ideal, or come to, doesn't mean that they've acted perfectly on them all along.  While it is important to judge people on their actions, it is sometimes the case that their thoughts are in fact more significant long term.

When the Continental Congress sent King George III a bill of divorce in 1776, the compliant was much more complicated than some are willing to admit, and the cause much more mixed than the 1776 Project might be willing to consent to.  For one thing, among the Intolerable Acts was one complaining of King George III's humanitarian and far sighted prohibition of further westward expansion at the expense of the Native Americans, which the Colonists truly regarded as intolerable.  Another one was the allowance of Catholics to keep on practicing their religion in Quebec.  So right off the bat there's a problem, as part of what was upsetting those Americans represented by the Continental Congress were things that today we'd largely view as fully squared with American values, not opposed to them.

Indeed, the King wasn't really fully in control of the English government by any means and the English government wasn't being all that heavy handed, although its use of troops in the Colonies was questionable from the onset. The troubles really dated back to the English Civil War and who won it, at first, but they came to a head with the English trying to recoup the expenses of defending the colonies from the French during the Seven Years War, which we took a huge offense to. [3] There's a lot more to i than that, but it wasn't all about King George being a tyrant, which he wasn't, and Americans wanting to form a republic, which they got around to but which wasn't the original goal.

And then there's slavery.

We've dealt with slavery before so we're not going to do so here in depth.  Suffice it to say, however, slavery, and the fact it was race based, is the giant elephant in the room of American history.  It always has been, and it still is. The basic question is how can a people that claims to act for the rights of man have so consistently oppressed one (and actually, of course, its more than one) group of people.  That's something people have tried to ignore, explain and used against American culture for decades.  Explaining it is the task of history. Both ignoring it and using it as a sword against everything American, however, are deep errors.

It's completely true that the United States continued to contain race based slavery until the Civil War, which was about slavery and nothing else, really, and its completely true that the country botched Reconstruction and institutional racism existed in the South up into the 1970s.  And to add to that, for most of the country's history, we were conquering the lands of other peoples, namely Native Americans.

At the same time, however, the country did engage in numerous and constant struggles for the radical ideology adopted during the American Revolution. The country was regarded as a threat by European powers right from the onset for holding the radical proposition that people could be freely self governing, something no other nation had tried before.  Concepts like avoiding establishing a state religion and allowing for a free press were an anathema to almost every single European power and rightly regarded as radical in the extreme.

So how could this concept exist all that time and Americans fail so badly at it.  And what does that mean?

One thing it means is that extreme reactions lack sufficient grounding in history or critical thought to be useful, let alone accurate.  In other words, people waiving Confederate flags and demanding a return to "traditional" "America First" values don't understand history in any accurate sense to start with.  Nor do those who condemn the United States as a "racist nation" or who state, like Chuck Todd recently did, that the US didn't start trying democracy until the 1960s.  Both of these views are way off the mark.

And that's because nations are made of people and people are heavily flawed.  Given that, the ideology of a nation can in fact mean more about its overall nature, at any one time, than all of its actions being taken at the same time, although actions matter.

Put another way, it means a lot more, historically, that Nazi Germany had the ideology that it did from 1932 to 1945 than the fact that you can find individual Germans who resisted it.  If you could find large numbers of such Germans, which you can't, that would mean another thing.  The fact that some did is historically important and interesting, but you can't say that the Third Reich wasn't evil because of them.

Conversely, you can look at the history of the United States and find that it fairly consistently reflects the values it always espoused from early on, even if there's lot of individual failures and even if some of them are both evil and monumental in scope, slavery being the prime example.  Put another way, you can't take the Southern rebellion in favor of racism from 1860 to 1865 and then declare that our role in World War Two (or World War One), was somehow evil.

Indeed, defining what would be a fairly absurd proposition down, you also can't claim that our participation in WWI and WWII was motivated by evil even if racist segregation was still the law in the South and even at a Federal level in regard to military recruitment.  Yes, those things were wrong, but it doesn't make participation in the war a cause for race based segregation, or indeed, something even associated with it.

All of which gets back to teaching history.

Teaching American history is an exercise in teaching the odd history of a nation with distinct founding ideals that has frequently fallen flatly on its face in regard them, but which has not, perhaps up until right now, abandoned them.  Now, however, we have a challenge.  On the right, there are those who would force a fictional version of our history in which the US never does anything wrong and any social problems are simply minor notes in an otherwise uniformly rosy history.  Others would hold that the US has always been an evil agent of industry and willing to destroy and oppress anyone who isn't a member of the dominant culture.  

The scary thing is that we don't seem to be getting along at all.  Not since the 1850s-1860s have we been so divided, it seems to me, on an existential level, and the rolling boil that this is creating is boiling out the middle where the truth so often lies.  People should keep in mind that, contrary to the frequent assertion, ignorance is not really bliss, and if you really want to destroy your view of how things ought to be, lie about how they were, as sooner or later, the lies told to the young explode in the present and they reject them soundly.

1.  Even now classroom instruction at the K-12 level is infused with Protestant myths that reflect the early strongly Protestant origins of the country and the fact that the majority of Americans are Protestants.  It's almost impossible to go through school without some teacher trying to tell you something that "the Catholics" did that's a complete and utter myth.  Most Catholic students learn to ignore this, but if you are student of history and a Catholic, it does infuse you with a sense of skepticism about the first version of any historical thing you may be told.

2.  Which sort of ignores the fact that it took two full years to actually declare independence.

3. Two things of note here.

The first is that the United Kingdom was a democracy at the time, hence the "no taxation without representation" cry of the Colonists.  Somehow the fact that the United Kingdom was a democracy, albeit an imperfect one, tends to get missed in the low level discussion on the Revolution even though what this effectively meant is that the Colonists thought they should have seats in the House of Commons, a reasonable view.

Indeed, that sort of view has lead to later revolutions as well.  The English would have a really difficult time granting the Irish the right to vote for eons, if they were Catholic, and the French had a terrible time figuring out how to grant the franchise to Algerians.  Both of these facts lead to later rebellions, even though by the time the rebellion came about the topic had been solved or was being worked on.

Secondly, the British expecting the Colonies to chip in for the cost of defending them during, as we call it, the French and Indian War really wasn't unreasonable.

May 31, 1921. The Tulsa Riot.

On this day in 1921 two days of disastrous rioting occurred in Tulsa, Oklahoma, directed at the city's prosperous African American community.


The nightmare commenced when a young black man, Dick Rowland, age 19 was briefly arrested the day prior on suspicion of the assault of Sarah Page, maybe age 17. 

The originating event remains obscure as Rowland, a shoeshiner, and the Page, an elevator operator, were present in an office building which otherwise seems to have been supposed to have been closed for Memorial Day.  What's clear is that Rowland was taking the elevator to a floor of the Drexel Building, where Page worked, as it was the only nearby restroom that accommodated blacks.  What happened isn't clear, but the most common theory is that Rowland lost his footing in the elevator, with elevators of the era being somewhat difficult to operate, and that he reached out to Page to steady herself.

A woman's scream was heard and the young man ran from the building.  Somebody reported the incident to the police, but it isn't clear whom it was.  Rowland was arrested but the police later released him as they did not find anything supporting a charge.


While released, the young man took refuge in the Greenwood district of Tulsa, sometimes billed "The Black Wall Street" due to its prosperity, in the home of his mother or step mother.  The event hit the press and black residents soon feared for the results. Dick Rowland was arrested again and a local newspaper claimed he would be lynched, a reasonable fear. Armed black residents took up positions to protect him against a feared assault at the courthouse.


With this having occurred, large numbers of white Tulsa residents also took up arms and ultimately confronted the black residents trying to provide security at the courthouse.  Shots were fired and the riot commenced, resulting in the attack upon the city's Greenwood district.  Early in the morning of June 1 fires were started in the district and it seems that private aircraft, some potentially carrying policemen, circled overhead with some of the planes having passengers who may have shot at Greenwood residents and dropped Molotov cocktails.  The number of people killed in the riot has not been precisely determined.  The devastation to the district was massive.

Oklahoma National Guard truck with wounded.

Ultimately, order had to be restored by the Oklahoma National Guard, which was done with some difficulty.  Around 6,000 black residents were detained and numerous black residents of Greenwood left homeless.  No whites were arrested or prosecuted, although the Tulsa chief of police did lose his position as police inaction was a final straw on a long list corruption complaints against him.  

Rowland was released from custody in September after Page wrote a letter to authorities noting that she did not want him prosecuted.

Of Rowland and Page nearly nothing is known.  There's been speculation over the years if they knew each other, and if they even had a relationship of some sort, although there's nothing to support that. Rowland was well liked and known to local lawyers who did not believe the charges against him.  After the event, he simply disappeared from history.

About Page, this was her only entry into history.  Normally noted as being 17 years old there's even speculation that she was a 15 year old divorcee.  She simply showed up as an unknown figure in this tragic event, and then disappeared again.

The US Railway Labor Board announced that railroad employees would face a 12% reduction in income.

The Arapahoe Peaks in Colorado were photographed.

Arapahoe Peaks and Glacier.

May 31, 1941. Errors.

 The Anglo Iraqi War ended in a British victory.

Today in World War II History—May 31, 1941

The Luftwaffe bombed Dublin by mistake.

Both of these are addressed in the link above.

On Iraq, the British armistice took the position that the fascist leaning rebellion had been undertaken by compulsion, and therefore Iraqi troops were simply told to return to their barracks and prisoners were released, save for Germans and Italians, by both sides.

On the Dublin raid, Liverpool was to have been the target.


Sunday, May 30, 2021

May 30, 1921. Memorial Day.

General Nelson A. Miles at Memorial Day celebration, May 30, 1921.


President Harding at Arlington.
 

Sunday Morning Scence: Churches of the West: Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, Casper Wyoming.

Churches of the West: Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, Casper Wyoming.

Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, Casper Wyoming.


This is Prince of Peace Lutheran Church in Casper, Wyoming which is a North American Lutheran Church member.  This church is fairly modern, although I don't know the date of its construction.  Occupying a hill in east Casper, the church has an attractive external appearance.

Best Posts of the Week of May 23, 2021

The best posts of the week of May 23, 2021

Why Unidentified Aerial Phenomena are almost certainly not aliens.









Saturday, May 29, 2021

May 29, 1941. Unrest

Bayonet drill, May 29, 1941, Arlington Cantonment, Arlington Virginia.

On this day in 1941, Disney animators went on strike.  It would last for five weeks and result in firings, but ultimately Disney yielding to a union contract in what had been a non union shop.

The Army Air Corps established the Air Corps Ferrying Command for the purpose of ferrying aircraft to the United Kingdom via Canada.  It existed for thirteen months and then became the Air Transport Command.

May 29, 1921. Graduations, Memorials and Races

Boy Scouts decorating graves at Arlington National Cemetery, May 29, 1921.


It was racing season.

Ugo Sivocci in his Alfa Romeo 20-30 ES at the 1921 Targa Florio


Voters in the Austrian Salzburg province voted overwhelmingly to join Germany. The results weren't a surprise, as that was the dominant feeling in the German regions of Austria, which keenly felt the loss of Austria's Empire and which felt their fortunes were better secured by union with the German state, irrespective of Germany's economic and political woes at the time.  Be that as it may, such a union was specifically prohibited under the treaties bringing about the end of the Great War and the vote was unofficial and unrecognized by Austria in any event.

President Harding, standing on the lawn of the White House, with large group of newspapermen seated and standing around him.  President's dog, Laddie Boy, laying down in front of front row.
 

Friday, May 28, 2021

May 28, 1941. The ebb and flow of war.

The 9th Cavalry at Camp Funston, Kansas.  May 28, 1941.  Camp Funston is adjacent to Ft. Riley, and had been a major training base during World War One.  It had been reopened, as a tent city at this time, for training in the run up to World War Two.  The 9th Cavalry was one of two cavalry regiments in the U.S. Army whose enlisted men were all African Americans, the service still being segregated at this time.

The day after the successful Royal Navy sinking of the Bismarck, the news was less encouraging.

On this day in 1941, the British commenced evacuating Crete.  The British also lost the HMS Mashona off the coast of Galway in a Luftwaffe bomber attack.  The destroyer was a very new British vessel, having only entered service in 1939.

HMS Mashona.

French representatives signed the Paris Protocols allowing the Germans certain rights, including the right to cross Syria, in exchange for French prisoners of war being repatriated.  The agreement was never ratified by the French government.
 

May 28, 1921. Tragedy, A Memorial Holiday, and Wind

 

May 28, 1921. An early disaster.

Showing both the rapid advance of air travel, as more people were able to fly, and in more comfort, than before, and that aircraft remained very much an unknown in some ways, the deadliest air accident up to that time occurred when a Curtiss Eagle of the U.S. Army's Air Service crashed in a severe thunderstorm at Morgantown, Maryland.

Curtis Eagle.

All seven occupants were killed.  The plane was serving as an air ambulance.

It was Memorial Day weekend, which reflected itself in the cover of The Literary Digest in the form of a Rockwell illustration of a parade.


The Saturday Evening Post, however, simply celebrated wind.