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Showing posts with label Youth Organizations. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Youth Organizations. Show all posts
Saturday, July 21, 2018
We've discussed Boy Scout uniforms and caps. . . so we should take a look at the Girl Scouts. "“Activities at the Girl Scouts Camp, Central Valley, New York. Line of the Girl Scouts waiting their turn to get their wash basins full of water at the water pipes.” July 21, 1918.
But I don't know much about them.
Girls Scouts on July 21, 1918. Note the semi military uniforms, which pretty closely reflect the uniforms adopted by female auxiliaries of various types providing service during the Great War.
Except there's few hats in evidence. Indeed, only one.
Is that a sailor's Dixie Cap?
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Addendum:
I followed up on this thread with a new one actually on the evolution of Girl Scouts uniforms:
So, having babbled about Boy Scout uniforms, perhaps I should address the Girl Scouts as well.
And, in looking that up, I think I've come to the conclusion that the 1918 photograph that is featured in this photograph shows very early American Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls. The white uniforms are probably Camp Fire Girls. The Camp Fire Girls were originally supposed to be a female version of the Boy Scouts and at this point in time there was a serious effort to unite the two organizations. That effort ultimately fell apart, but my guess is that this camp had girls from both groups in anticipation of them being united.
Labels:
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Thursday, July 19, 2018
Can you trace the decline in an organization through the sad decline of its headgear (and its uniform in general)?
Boy Scouts, New York City, 1917.
Okay, probably not.
Very young Boy Scouts in Chicago, 1942. This was right about the time that the uniforms started to change. The campaign hat of this period was extremely similar, if not identical, to the M1911 Army campaign hat.
Or can you?
Well, again, probably not . . .there's been some really goofy headgear out there over the years used by any uniformed group.
But hats and caps do tell a story.
Part of that story has been told here before, of course, one of the most popular threads here of all time is the long running one on caps and hats. That thread looks at all kinds of caps and hats and their history, and the history of certain specific types of caps at hats. And some are indeed organizational in nature, as various military caps and hats are addressed.
But what about the Boy Scouts (and perhaps the Girl Scouts)? It's sort of interesting, although we should dare not to presume too much from it.
The first Boy Scouts were British. And of course, therefore, the first Boy Scout headgear was. . . the "Montana Peak Stetson".
Eh?
Yup. the peaked broad brimmed hat known by that name at the time, and in later years following adoption by the U.S. Army and Marine Corps and later the United States Park Service as the "campaign hat", the "big brown round", "the DI's hat" or the "Smokey the Bear Hat".
Only you can prevent bad headgear.
The original Boy Scout hats were campaign hats, and not just in the US but in the UK. Lord Baden Powell started the Scouts as, as we have already explored, an outdoors organization hoping to boost outdoor skills and manly Christian values in the British young. It rapidly leaped the Atlantic to the US and Canada, and every other English speaking place, and then to darned near everywhere else.
Lord Baden Powell in his younger, pre Scouting, days. He brought the campaign hat over into the Scouts with him. . . and indeed the early Scouting uniform was unmistakably military in origin.
Lord Baden Powell had been a career British military officer and served in various regular and irregular capacities in the British Army in Africa in the late 19th and very early 20th Century before becoming the British Chief of Cavalry. This included service in the British South Africa Scouts in the Matabele War where he met and was influenced by American adventurer Frederick Russell Burnham. Burnham, in spite of an odd penchant for serving in British colonial wars, was an American westerner (born on a Sioux reservation in Minnesota and full of scouting lore. He also wore, sometimes, an American Montana Peak hat. Baden Powell may have picked up the hat directly from that influence, but it has to be noted that Montana Peak hats became hugely popular with Dominion and Colonial forces in this time frame anyhow, introduced at least in part by the Canadians who adopted them wholesale. New Zealand soon followed, and of course so did the United States in 1911. When Baden Powell formed the scouts they too adopted the campaign hat, with the original British ones being of the Canadian type.
The Scout campaign hat was a really practical outdoor hat. All of the felt hats of that type, whether they are campaign hats or cowboy hats or slouch hats, if made out of quality materials, shed rain and snow and keep the sun off our your head and out of your eyes. I've dealt with this elsewhere but their demise came about not due to style, but because of the helmet, in military service.

Now, with the Scouts, I don't know what caused them, the campaign hats that is, to fade, but it wasn't the helmet, so Scouts weren't faced with trying to pack around a big hat and a helmet at the same time, like soldiers were. I suspect with the Scouts they just followed the Army trend and that caused the changes. It's been interesting.
The 1911 style campaign hat's fortune began to officially fade in Scouting in 1943 when the Scouts added the garrison hat to their chapeau stable, following the Army's lead.* The campaign hat was, nonetheless, still in nearly universal use in the 1940s.
In the Army, the M1911 campaign hat went from universal issue to a cavalry and competitive Army rifleman's item during World War Two. There were still units at the start of the war where 100% of soldiers in the units had campaign hats, indeed most did. By 1945 that was no longer true for the reasons noted above. Scouts were still all wearing campaign hats, but not for long. Scouting uniforms in general were changed in the 1940s, following an earlier change post World War One, and the change pretty closely mirrored garrison duty uniforms of the U.S. Army, incorporating a greenish khaki cotton uniform to match the Army's garrison (and theoretically field) khaki uniform). Among the Army uniform changes followed by the Scouts was the introduction of leggings and a garrison cap. Breaches and World War One style uniform coats had gone out already during the 1920s.** The new uniform heavily resembled the Army's khaki uniform of the 1940s, albeit with some notable differences including its light green color.***
This uniform was still around into the 1970s with modifications. This uniform very much recalls the Army's khaki uniform of the 1930s and 1940s. They were made of heavy cotton with epaulets. The shirts were nice outdoors uniform shirts. The trousers were much like Army chinos, but had a really distinct buttoning pocket that recalled the same feature on Army Field Pants. As noted, the Army appearance of the uniform was completed by leggings, theoretically, and brown boots.
In the Army, the M1911 campaign hat went from universal issue to a cavalry and competitive Army rifleman's item during World War Two. There were still units at the start of the war where 100% of soldiers in the units had campaign hats, indeed most did. By 1945 that was no longer true for the reasons noted above. Scouts were still all wearing campaign hats, but not for long. Scouting uniforms in general were changed in the 1940s, following an earlier change post World War One, and the change pretty closely mirrored garrison duty uniforms of the U.S. Army, incorporating a greenish khaki cotton uniform to match the Army's garrison (and theoretically field) khaki uniform). Among the Army uniform changes followed by the Scouts was the introduction of leggings and a garrison cap. Breaches and World War One style uniform coats had gone out already during the 1920s.** The new uniform heavily resembled the Army's khaki uniform of the 1940s, albeit with some notable differences including its light green color.***
This uniform was still around into the 1970s with modifications. This uniform very much recalls the Army's khaki uniform of the 1930s and 1940s. They were made of heavy cotton with epaulets. The shirts were nice outdoors uniform shirts. The trousers were much like Army chinos, but had a really distinct buttoning pocket that recalled the same feature on Army Field Pants. As noted, the Army appearance of the uniform was completed by leggings, theoretically, and brown boots.

Boy Scout and Girl Scout uniforms of the mid 20th Century.
Anyhow, garrison caps entered the U.S. Army's stocks during World War One and then disappeared thereafter only to reappear in the 1930s. The garrison cap is close to being one of the most worthless hats ever devised and came about only because you have to have something on your head. They were first introduced into the U.S. Army late in World War One when the M1917 helmet became universal in France. You will sometimes see it claimed that M1911 campaign hats didn't make it to France at all, but that is way off the mark. In fact, M1911 campaign hats were worn widely in France throughout and after the war, but as the flood of conscripted soldiers began to arrive in the Spring of 1918 the garrison cap made its gigantic ugly appearance. Also really making an enormous appearance at the same time, but somewhat forgotten, was the wheelhouse cap, or peak cap, which was favored by officers as it is a much better looking hat.
American soldiers marching in Lyon, France, shortly after the garrison cap was introduced. This photograph was taken on July 14, 1918, during a Bastille Day parade.
Black U.S. Army soldier standing guard overseas during World War One. While the date of this photograph is uncertain, it's likely late in World War One. The soldier is wearing the American pattern of Garrison, or Overseas, Cap that started to replace the M1911 Campaign hat in France. He's also wearing puttees rather than leggings, and wartime roughout Pershing Boots rather than American Munson Last Marching Shoes. His jacket, moreover, appears to be on of the British supplied jackets with a fold down collar rather than the American standard issue jacket of the same period. He is carrying a M1917 Enfield Rifle.
Garrison caps are a hat that made a bit appearance in the French Army, with the style spreading to the American Army, during the Great War. In its original form its a folded up piece of wool cloth fabricated in such a fashion that it can be pulled down over the ears. In its wool form, it served to keep the head moderately warm and to protect the ears, but it doesn't do anything else. It's real advantage, and its only real one, is that it's really easy to pack. That fact was a virtue in the helmet era of the military and it spread far and wide in various militaries as a result. By early World War Two the hat had spread from the French Army to the American Army (which wore it, in France, in World War One), to the British Army, German Army Army and Red Army. Also by the Second World War the functionality of the original hat had been lost, to the extent there ever was one, in some armies, including the American Army (but not the British and German armies) in that in some versions you can no longer pull down ear flaps. The hat simply sits on a person's head doing nothing else.
Nonetheless the U.S. Army went big into garrison caps during World War Two and you'll even see them in use, officially, by soldiers in field uniforms outside of combat. That ended after World War Two but it was common during World War Two. During the war the U.S. Army issued khaki and olive pattern garrison caps, the Navy issued khaki ones (although Naval officers very much preferred wheelhouse caps) and the Marines issued dark olive ones. During this period, or near it, the Boy Scouts went to their light green/khaki pattern garrison cap that matched their uniform.
It's a totally worthless cap. Even the Boy Scouts own history of its uniforms notes this.
Today the garrison cap, we'll note, hangs on in military service but its fortunes in the U.S. Army have faded in favor of the beret, which we will address in a moment. All the services retain the cap, but the Army wears it the least. I wouldn't be surprised to see it fade from Army use entirely.
Army pattern Garrison Caps being worn as part of the Civilian Conservation Corps uniform. . . showing the militarized nature of the CCC as well as a rather odd use of the impractical cap.
Nonetheless the U.S. Army went big into garrison caps during World War Two and you'll even see them in use, officially, by soldiers in field uniforms outside of combat. That ended after World War Two but it was common during World War Two. During the war the U.S. Army issued khaki and olive pattern garrison caps, the Navy issued khaki ones (although Naval officers very much preferred wheelhouse caps) and the Marines issued dark olive ones. During this period, or near it, the Boy Scouts went to their light green/khaki pattern garrison cap that matched their uniform.
Signal Corps officer during World War Two in dress uniform.
It's a totally worthless cap. Even the Boy Scouts own history of its uniforms notes this.
Today the garrison cap, we'll note, hangs on in military service but its fortunes in the U.S. Army have faded in favor of the beret, which we will address in a moment. All the services retain the cap, but the Army wears it the least. I wouldn't be surprised to see it fade from Army use entirely.
Spry looking Red Army veteran of World War Two wearing the Red Army pattern of garrison cap while Russian (military?) school children wearing the enormous Russian pattern of wheelhouse cap walk across street at WWII commemoration event in 2008. Assuming that this man's uniform matches his service, he was in the NKVD, given his blue trousers. He seems to be drinking a beer.
Indeed, it's a weird hat, and it ought to go.
Now, a couple of things before I become completely unhinged, unmoored and unintelligible.
First of all, when the Scouts changed their uniform in the 1920s through the 1940s it made a lot of sense. The old Scouting uniform, which was wool, with wool shirt, wool breeches and wool coat, except for summer when they had, I think, a heavy duty cotton shirt was getting a bit dated to say the least. The new, very martial (like the first) uniform reflected an update in technology that I've already addressed, the washing machine, and was practical. It probably took a lot of the washing burden down for mothers who had to wash the uniforms for one thing, as it allowed the use of washing machines that were coming into homes, and indeed already had. And the elimination of breeches for trousers, which the Army had also done (save for cavalry) was practical as well. Shorts were retained in pretty much the same form as they had been. Boots that featured leather leggings were phased out in favor of boots with canvas leggings, as noted. All leggings are a huge pain but the latter was at least more practical for a "dismounted" man than the former, and indeed the Army had canvas puttees for ground pounders for decades prior to the Scouts adoption of them, although ironically the Army (but not quite the Marine Corps at that time) were on the verge of phasing leggings out forever in favor of higher boots. Nobody missed leggings.
An interesting aspect of this is that the modern image of a Boy Scout really solidified and still sort of remains. Somehow or another the Boy Scouts developed an association with Norman Rockwell who started illustrating the covers to their manuals. Rockwell had illustrated Scouts going back to his early work, as part of his cover illustrations for the Saturday Evening Post, although he was not alone in that. Indeed, Boy Scouts were a popular cover topic in the teens and not only Rockwell by J. C. Leydecker used Boy Scouts in their uniforms of that era as frequent cover illustration topics. Leydecker has been forgotten in the popular imagination, but this sort of illustration sort of defines in a way the modern concept of Rockwell even, who is associated with an Americana so strong that the fact that he also painted some contemporary political scenes from the Civil Rights movement is missed.
The only thing that wasn't really practical about the new Scout uniform of the 1940s was the garrison cap, but in fairness here too Scout Troops were allowed to retain campaign hats if they wished to as noted. Most didn't seem to, and that may have been due to the expense. Campaign hats were undoubtedly more expensive than garrison caps, which are cheap, if worthless. And as broad brimmed hats became less common in society at large, the costs of the good ones rose while the quality of bad ones became worse.
As a worthless cap its interesting to note that the soldiers of the giant Army of World War Two began to defeat the wearing of the garrison cap during the war, even though it had enormously widespread use. This was due to the fatigue hat, fatigue cap, and the jeep cap.
Prior to World War Two, indeed very much prior, dating back in at least the cavalry and artillery branches back to some point close in time to the end of the Civil War, the Army had adopted fatigue uniforms for dirty work. These heavy cotton uniforms acknowledged that, even in the pre washing machine era, cotton was a lot easier to wash than wool. Early on they were made of white cotton duck clothing, and associated with mounted men. By the late 19th Century they had become brown cotton duck, like Carhartts, to which they bore a remarkable resemblance. That uniform was actually pressed into service as a field uniform during the Spanish American War, but after that, at some point, the brown cotton duck uniform, which was suitable for field use in a pinch, was phased out in favor of a blue denim uniform.
That blue denim uniform included a floppy brimmed hat which very much resembles the modern "boonie hate" used by the Army and even more closely resembled the boon hat used first by the Red Army and now by the current Russian Army.
Immediately prior to World War Two the Army went to an "olive drab" fatigue uniform made out of cotton herringbone tweed cloth, which the Army in turn almost immediately adopted as a hot weather combat uniform (although that uniform saw much less use in the the ETO and North Africa than imagined. . . it saw huge use in the Pacific). When that was done, the Army retained a the floppy hat in that cloth, but it also adopted a "mechanics hat" based on the working man's cap that was strongly associated with railroad men at the time. Soldiers liked the mechanics cap a lot and it was very widely issued. As a result of that, that hat became the most common off duty hat for men wearing field uniforms, even though the garrison cap was likewise an official cap. Indeed, the mechanics hat was not liked a great deal by Army brass as it contributed to a pretty causal appearance on the part of off duty soldiers. Be that as it may, it was that cap that went on to be the official cap to go with field uniforms when not wearing the helmet after World War Two, replacing the garrison cap in that role.
And the reason for that is, no how limited in utility a cap with just a bill may be, at least it has a bill.
But it is sloppy looking for the most part, which is no doubt why the Boy Scouts never adopted it. And its likewise no doubt why the Army replaced it in that role with the Patrol Cap by 1950. The Patrol Cap very strongly resembles a type of cap called a "Painter's Cap" due to its use by that occupation, but it has in its original, and then revived, form ear flaps inside. Its not a great winter cap by any means and its not even as dually useful as the German Gebirgsmutze or M1943 cap but it definitely has more utility than the mechanics cap. By the Korean War it was standard for field uniforms and its therefore slightly surprising that the Boy Scouts didn't adopt it. It's hard to imagine a Boy Scout version of that cap, but only because it wasn't done.
That cap in Army use has gone through various permutations but as this isn't the "history of Army caps" thread we'll omit further discussion on the Patrol Cap here and go back to the Scouts. As noted, by the 1940s the Scouts had adopted a cotton Garrison Cap. That cap hung on all the way into the 1980s, at least, just as the campaign hat apparently also did, but in declining use staring with the adoption of the beret in the 1970s.
Yes, the dred beret.
Or a baseball cap. We'll get to that in a moment.
As any reader here already knows, I view the beret about the same way as I view the Garrison Cap. They're worthless. They may not be as completely worthless as the garrison cap, as used by the post World War One U.S. Army, but they're darned close.
Berets are a traditional European cap worn by the peasantry who couldn't afford anything better. They were never great by any means, but in the damp cold and then sometimes hot weather of southern Europe they were better than nothing. Not by much, but better than nothing.
Berets, it should be noted, were not originally a military cap and its quite difficult to tell when they became so and where. Some would claim the gigantic beret of the French Chasseurs Alpin, an adoption of peasant headgear by French mountain troops, brought it in. Others would cite to Scottish tams as the original example, and they're certainly a similar cap. Be that as it may, early use of such caps, which would include through World War One, was limited to special troops or ones from distinct regions where such caps were common in civilian use.
It was following the Great War that berets made their appearance in earnest. The first army I'm aware of to adopt one outside of those mentioned was the Germany Army, oddly enough. After Germany began to rebuild their army under Hitler, it adopted a whole host of new uniforms and including berets for German tankers.
Now that undoubtedly seems odd and if you see photographs of them, it really is odd. The Germans adopted a gigantic black beret to go with the black uniform they adopted for tank crews.
The choice of black was due to the dirty greasy nature of tank service. Berets were adopted, however, as the Germans also adopted a helmet for tankers and the beret was designed to fit over it. Sort of an uber beanie if you will.
The British followed suit but not with a helmet, but simply a beret, introducing a black beret for tankers and then following to introduce a "khaki", by which they meant greenish brown or brownish green, beret for general use, and various colors for distinct service. Maroon famously became the color of the airborne. Green became the color of the Special Boat Service. The distinct British beret and its color coding had arrived.
But not with the US. That would take another twenty plus years when the Special Forces were able to convince the service that a green beret, leaning on the beret color of the Special Boat Service, wold be a cool addition for them. Hence the arrival of the Green Berets.
Indeed, hence the arrival of berets in U.S. service in general, although in a highly confusing fashion. Unofficially during the Vietnam War Marine Corps, Marine Corps Reconnaissance units also adopted the green beret, figuring that they were as special as the Special Forces and, intentionally or unintentionally, replicating the prior use of that color by the Special Boat Service. Army Ranger units for a time unintentionally adopted black berets. At the same time armored personnel in the U.S. Army stationed in Germany were allowed to unofficially adopt black berets, including armored cavalry units, even though at the same time some of their branch co-horts in Vietnam had unofficially adopted Stetsons. At least armored use of the black beret matched the identical British use. Air Force Security police officially adopted a blue beret, which while it was in a different shade, recalled sort of the use of that color by the British Special Air Service.
Starting late in the Vietnam War and then into the 1970s the Army told all of its units wearing berets, except for the Special Forces, to knock it off and they all went, save for the green beret. In the 1980s (I think) however, the maroon beret associated with British airborne was adopted for American airborne. Following this the Army determined to adopt the black beret for everyone else. The Rangers were unhappy and were ultimately given their own khaki beret, which is ironic considering that's the basic soldier color for the original mass beret issuing army, the British.
At the same time the beret began to gain some cache with other disparate groups. The Basque beret, the universal peasant cap for the Basque region of Spain, became associated, probably inaccurately, with the Spanish Republicans so that beret picked up in use by various Socialist extremist around the globe, most notably, but certainly not exclusively, by Che Guevera.
Also in the 1960s the U.S. Army adopted a type of baseball cap for Army use. It was hideous.
The Army cap is universally regarded as one of the ugliest attempts at military headgear ever adopted by the U.S. Army in modern times. It seems to have come about as service in Vietnam required a hat that wasn't so warm as the Army's existing fatigue cap. It was lighter, but the stiffened front was weird and nobody like it. In spite of that, it was adopted by the Army and the Air Force and the door was hence open to widespread military use, for a time, of the baseball cap.
Only for a time, however, as when BDU's came in during the early 1980s the hated baseball cap went out in favor of the patrol cap once again. Both the Army and the Air Force adopted the patrol cap as a fatigue cap and its remained in service ever since. Looked at that way, the patrol cap has nearly a half century or more of use now with the Army.
Be that as it may, the baseball cap was on its way into to outfits using uniforms and worst of all in its hideous trucker's hat form, that being a shorter brimmed, square front, version with a mesh back. Indeed, the Army's baseball cap was so hideous that a trucker's hat variant of that even made a brief unofficial appearance in Army units, and it actually looked better than the issue cap.
In 1972, as the same time it was adopting the beret, the Scouts adopted a uniform patter of the baseball cap. It was a really basic ball cap with no frills other than the Scout insignia on the front. In adopting it, the Scouts sort of followed the Army's lead, but less so.
Some time after the 1970s, and I don't really know when, the Boy Scouts adopted the trucker's hat type baseball cap. It features a mesh back and a colored front. It's a useless outdoors cap.
In 1980 all the Scout uniforms underwent a major, and at the time somewhat controversial, overhaul courtesy of Oscar de la Renta, the fashion designer, who was retained for the project. The result was a severing from the old military influenced uniform to one that more Forest Service or Park Service like (except that the Park Service, in addition to issuing baseball caps itself, still retains the M1911 campaign hat as prt of its official uniform).**** Green shirts were phased out for khaki. Dark green trousers, ultimately with massive cargo pockets (probably a good addition) were brought in, completing, no doubt unintentionally, the Boy Scout's ode to the World War Two paratrooper uniform.. The new uniform didn't look completely non military, but it sure looked a whole lot Park Service. Except for the hat, of course.
In 06 or so, the Scouts adopted the patrol cap version of the baseball cap and it seems to have replaced the trucker's hat. That at least is a slightly positive turn of events.
The patrol cap version of the baseball cap shouldn't be confused with the regular service patrol cap. Rather, that version of the baseball cap is a modern long-billed style of baseball cap with no mesh. That style of cap, much better looking than the truckers cap, seems to have come over from. . . baseball. It was picked up in strength by special military units, for some reason, early in the war in Afghanistan and soon thereafter manufacturers started making them specifically for servicemen, with Velcro panels for the attachment of insignia and ultraviolet reflective panels. They have not been officially adopted by any branch of the service but they are very widespread.
The Scouts seem to have picked up on this and in 06 started issuing an OD patrol cap type baseball cap. In the Scouts it seems to have replaced the trucker's cap, which continues to afflict the Cub Scotus and the Webelos.
Additionally, in apparent recognition that baseball caps are a poor choice for outdoor use, the Scouts adopted a version of the boonie cap.
Boonie hats are a type of brimmed soft cotton cap that has been around since at least World War Two in one form or another. Back then the hat was in blue denim and was not a field service hat. After the war it disappeared but a hat nearly identical to the later American pattern was used by the British for jungle and desert service. It spread to Australian service during the Maylay Emergency and then to U.S. service during the Vietnam War. It's been around ever since. The Scouts, realizing that baseball caps aren't ideal, began authorizing a version of it fairly recently.
And they also, oddly, adopted the ugly looking wool felt version of a broad brimmed hat usually affected by people who are ignorant of broad brimmed hats. Using the least suitable felt for that type of hat, it usually looks thick. But folks who are ignorant on hats like that type as they think it looks like a fedora.
Which it does not.
All of which is odd, and not, as its a full circle sort of thing. Boonie caps definitely have their place but they're not as useful as campaign hats, although they're a lot cheaper. And for some odd reason they can look great or goofy depending upon the design, even though it doesn't vary much. Much of that is knowing how to wear one and being comfortable with it.
So, what does this evolution of uniform design tell us. Well probably not all that much, maybe.
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*The Boy Scouts have never made any one hat or cap they've approved officially obsolete. They can all still be worn and the M1911 type campaign hat is actually still offered fro purchase by Scout suppliers.
**Congress made the wearing of military uniforms by civilians of any type illegal in 1916 but had made an exception for the Boy Scouts, whose uniform very closely resembled that of the U.S. Army. The doughboy style uniform went out in 1923, but of note the Army was also overhauling uniforms at that time and also abandoned its prior uniform at that time.
***In addition to going from breaches to trousers, one big change was the adoption of shorts in the 1930s for Boy Scouts, having been mandated for leaders over some protest in 1920.
Shorts are very common now but even when I was a kid in the 1960s and 1970s they were something worn only by small children as a rule. There's no earthly way that I would have been caught wearing shorts after I was about ten years old and I can recall actually declaring that I would no longer wear them, to some slight expression of sadness from my mother.
****Indeed, Park Service uniforms also descent from the Army's uniform, and from the same original period. The Park Service was created just prior to World War One and relieved the Army from the role of patrolling the National Parks.
Now, a couple of things before I become completely unhinged, unmoored and unintelligible.
First of all, when the Scouts changed their uniform in the 1920s through the 1940s it made a lot of sense. The old Scouting uniform, which was wool, with wool shirt, wool breeches and wool coat, except for summer when they had, I think, a heavy duty cotton shirt was getting a bit dated to say the least. The new, very martial (like the first) uniform reflected an update in technology that I've already addressed, the washing machine, and was practical. It probably took a lot of the washing burden down for mothers who had to wash the uniforms for one thing, as it allowed the use of washing machines that were coming into homes, and indeed already had. And the elimination of breeches for trousers, which the Army had also done (save for cavalry) was practical as well. Shorts were retained in pretty much the same form as they had been. Boots that featured leather leggings were phased out in favor of boots with canvas leggings, as noted. All leggings are a huge pain but the latter was at least more practical for a "dismounted" man than the former, and indeed the Army had canvas puttees for ground pounders for decades prior to the Scouts adoption of them, although ironically the Army (but not quite the Marine Corps at that time) were on the verge of phasing leggings out forever in favor of higher boots. Nobody missed leggings.
An interesting aspect of this is that the modern image of a Boy Scout really solidified and still sort of remains. Somehow or another the Boy Scouts developed an association with Norman Rockwell who started illustrating the covers to their manuals. Rockwell had illustrated Scouts going back to his early work, as part of his cover illustrations for the Saturday Evening Post, although he was not alone in that. Indeed, Boy Scouts were a popular cover topic in the teens and not only Rockwell by J. C. Leydecker used Boy Scouts in their uniforms of that era as frequent cover illustration topics. Leydecker has been forgotten in the popular imagination, but this sort of illustration sort of defines in a way the modern concept of Rockwell even, who is associated with an Americana so strong that the fact that he also painted some contemporary political scenes from the Civil Rights movement is missed.
1963 Boy Scout handbook.
But how accurate was Rockwell by 1963? We've noted of course that this new uniform came in during the 1940s and it very heavily leaned on the existing Army uniform. The Scout wore an Army style garrison cap with red piping (I have no idea as to why red). His cotton shirt was quite heavy and was of the odd light green color that closely approximated the color used at first by U.S. airborne infantry during World War Two until switched to the Olive Drab after Normandy. The new trousers approximated the Army's airborne field pants as well with pockets that would button up, although they admitted the utilitarian cargo pockets (that would come much later, as we'll see). And the Scout wore russet boots topped off with leggings.
So depicted Rockwell, but period photographs show that this full uniform was rarely ever actually worn, so what we are seeing in his romantic portrait is in fact romanticized. In reality, Scouts of the 40s kept the campaign hats for awhile in some groups and abandoned them rapidly in others. The shirts were universally worn, but it's pretty much impossible to find a photo of a Scout at any point in this era wearing leggings. Leggings, as noted, are a uncomfortable piece of footgear and widely disliked even by those who were supposed to wear them by compulsion. And in terms of trousers, after the wool trouser was abandoned Scouts seem to have often simply worn some sort of chino at first, which were popular trousers at the time anyhow, and by the end, which is close to my brief time as a Scout, if the Scouts I knew were any guideline, the trousers were a baggy green chino officially but Levis were much more often worn. So in reality, only the shirt and the garrison cap was really common. So what does this tell us of Rockwell's portrait for the handbook? Well, that Rockwell was so associated with wholesome Americana at the time that he was the Scout's natural choice for what a Scout ought to look like, and perhaps by implication be, rather than what they did look like.
As a worthless cap its interesting to note that the soldiers of the giant Army of World War Two began to defeat the wearing of the garrison cap during the war, even though it had enormously widespread use. This was due to the fatigue hat, fatigue cap, and the jeep cap.
Poster depicting U.S. Army garrison cap of World War Two. In this case, the red piping would indicate that the soldier was an artilleryman. This cap was very close in pattern to the Boy Scouts' cap that came in during the 1940s. Indeed, it's basically identical, although a green one one as depicted here would have been a wool garrison cap. The Scouting caps were always cotton.
Prior to World War Two, indeed very much prior, dating back in at least the cavalry and artillery branches back to some point close in time to the end of the Civil War, the Army had adopted fatigue uniforms for dirty work. These heavy cotton uniforms acknowledged that, even in the pre washing machine era, cotton was a lot easier to wash than wool. Early on they were made of white cotton duck clothing, and associated with mounted men. By the late 19th Century they had become brown cotton duck, like Carhartts, to which they bore a remarkable resemblance. That uniform was actually pressed into service as a field uniform during the Spanish American War, but after that, at some point, the brown cotton duck uniform, which was suitable for field use in a pinch, was phased out in favor of a blue denim uniform.
U.S. Army Coastal Artilleryman at Ft. Story, Virginia, in 1942. This photograph is unusual in that this Sergeant is wearing a blue denim fatigue uniform as a duty uniform, which apparently was sufficiently widespread in this unit such that orders had been given to sew rank insignia on to the fatigue jacket, a practice falling outside of regulation. My guess is that Coastal Artillery were not being issued the new herringbone tweed field uniforms and they didn't want to get their khakis or wool OD uniform dirty in a job that's dirty by nature. By late 1944 this soldier was almost certainly serving as an infantryman in France.
That blue denim uniform included a floppy brimmed hat which very much resembles the modern "boonie hate" used by the Army and even more closely resembled the boon hat used first by the Red Army and now by the current Russian Army.
Immediately prior to World War Two the Army went to an "olive drab" fatigue uniform made out of cotton herringbone tweed cloth, which the Army in turn almost immediately adopted as a hot weather combat uniform (although that uniform saw much less use in the the ETO and North Africa than imagined. . . it saw huge use in the Pacific). When that was done, the Army retained a the floppy hat in that cloth, but it also adopted a "mechanics hat" based on the working man's cap that was strongly associated with railroad men at the time. Soldiers liked the mechanics cap a lot and it was very widely issued. As a result of that, that hat became the most common off duty hat for men wearing field uniforms, even though the garrison cap was likewise an official cap. Indeed, the mechanics hat was not liked a great deal by Army brass as it contributed to a pretty causal appearance on the part of off duty soldiers. Be that as it may, it was that cap that went on to be the official cap to go with field uniforms when not wearing the helmet after World War Two, replacing the garrison cap in that role.
And the reason for that is, no how limited in utility a cap with just a bill may be, at least it has a bill.
I prefer this pattern of cap over a regular baseball cap, so when I found a reproduction one offered, I bought a couple. This is a reproduction of the originally World War Two Herring Bone Tweed cap that was introduced early in the war. A version of the cap stayed in use into the 1950s in the Army and survives today in the form of the Marine Corps utility cover.
But it is sloppy looking for the most part, which is no doubt why the Boy Scouts never adopted it. And its likewise no doubt why the Army replaced it in that role with the Patrol Cap by 1950. The Patrol Cap very strongly resembles a type of cap called a "Painter's Cap" due to its use by that occupation, but it has in its original, and then revived, form ear flaps inside. Its not a great winter cap by any means and its not even as dually useful as the German Gebirgsmutze or M1943 cap but it definitely has more utility than the mechanics cap. By the Korean War it was standard for field uniforms and its therefore slightly surprising that the Boy Scouts didn't adopt it. It's hard to imagine a Boy Scout version of that cap, but only because it wasn't done.
U.S. Army First Lieutenant and Captain wearing the cotton uniform of the Korean War, including M1951 Field Caps, which were themselves a version of the M1943 cap. It's popular to imagine the Korean War uniform as being the same as that of World War Two, but it definitely is not. Following the war a stiffened version of the cap was used for some time as the Ridgeway Cap. The M1943 pattern returned with the Army's Battledress Uniform and a version of it is still used today. The pattern has even become popular with civilians
That cap in Army use has gone through various permutations but as this isn't the "history of Army caps" thread we'll omit further discussion on the Patrol Cap here and go back to the Scouts. As noted, by the 1940s the Scouts had adopted a cotton Garrison Cap. That cap hung on all the way into the 1980s, at least, just as the campaign hat apparently also did, but in declining use staring with the adoption of the beret in the 1970s.
Fidel Castro in 1959. While being a dedicated opponent of the U.S., Castro ended up being sort of a living museum of late 1950s U.S. Army uniforms. He never abandoned the M1953 pattern of U.S. field jacket and he loved the "Ridgeway" cap for some reason. Next to him here is a rather hairy Camilo Cienfuegos Garrigarian wearing a U.S. Air Force flight jacket that even has an Air Force insignia stenciled on the sleeve.
Yes, the dred beret.
Or a baseball cap. We'll get to that in a moment.
As any reader here already knows, I view the beret about the same way as I view the Garrison Cap. They're worthless. They may not be as completely worthless as the garrison cap, as used by the post World War One U.S. Army, but they're darned close.
Berets are a traditional European cap worn by the peasantry who couldn't afford anything better. They were never great by any means, but in the damp cold and then sometimes hot weather of southern Europe they were better than nothing. Not by much, but better than nothing.
Berets, it should be noted, were not originally a military cap and its quite difficult to tell when they became so and where. Some would claim the gigantic beret of the French Chasseurs Alpin, an adoption of peasant headgear by French mountain troops, brought it in. Others would cite to Scottish tams as the original example, and they're certainly a similar cap. Be that as it may, early use of such caps, which would include through World War One, was limited to special troops or ones from distinct regions where such caps were common in civilian use.


The choice of black was due to the dirty greasy nature of tank service. Berets were adopted, however, as the Germans also adopted a helmet for tankers and the beret was designed to fit over it. Sort of an uber beanie if you will.
German armor in Poland, 1939. The tankers are wearing the short lived German super sized beret. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1976-071-36 / CC-BY-SA 3.0
The British followed suit but not with a helmet, but simply a beret, introducing a black beret for tankers and then following to introduce a "khaki", by which they meant greenish brown or brownish green, beret for general use, and various colors for distinct service. Maroon famously became the color of the airborne. Green became the color of the Special Boat Service. The distinct British beret and its color coding had arrived.
British Special Air Service troops, 1944. Their berets should be blue.
But not with the US. That would take another twenty plus years when the Special Forces were able to convince the service that a green beret, leaning on the beret color of the Special Boat Service, wold be a cool addition for them. Hence the arrival of the Green Berets.
Indeed, hence the arrival of berets in U.S. service in general, although in a highly confusing fashion. Unofficially during the Vietnam War Marine Corps, Marine Corps Reconnaissance units also adopted the green beret, figuring that they were as special as the Special Forces and, intentionally or unintentionally, replicating the prior use of that color by the Special Boat Service. Army Ranger units for a time unintentionally adopted black berets. At the same time armored personnel in the U.S. Army stationed in Germany were allowed to unofficially adopt black berets, including armored cavalry units, even though at the same time some of their branch co-horts in Vietnam had unofficially adopted Stetsons. At least armored use of the black beret matched the identical British use. Air Force Security police officially adopted a blue beret, which while it was in a different shade, recalled sort of the use of that color by the British Special Air Service.
Starting late in the Vietnam War and then into the 1970s the Army told all of its units wearing berets, except for the Special Forces, to knock it off and they all went, save for the green beret. In the 1980s (I think) however, the maroon beret associated with British airborne was adopted for American airborne. Following this the Army determined to adopt the black beret for everyone else. The Rangers were unhappy and were ultimately given their own khaki beret, which is ironic considering that's the basic soldier color for the original mass beret issuing army, the British.
At the same time the beret began to gain some cache with other disparate groups. The Basque beret, the universal peasant cap for the Basque region of Spain, became associated, probably inaccurately, with the Spanish Republicans so that beret picked up in use by various Socialist extremist around the globe, most notably, but certainly not exclusively, by Che Guevera.
Che Guevera wearing a basque beret in the most famous, cropped, photo of the rather horrible individual.
A less Basque, but still rather cropped, version was used, for example, by Jonas Savimbi, the socialist but also Catholic revolutionary in Angola.
Anyhow, it was 1971 when the Boy Scouts, seeing which way the wind was blowing the caps, adopted the red beret. It first came in for the "Leadership Corps", today's "Venture Crew" which was an advisory board in the Boy Scouts in which selected members advised their leaders. In other words, the red beret was at first a sort of distinctive honorary uniform item, somewhat the way the maroon beret, green beret, etc., are in military service. In 1975 it spread to general use, beating out the Army's adoption of the universal black beret by twenty six years.
I don't know if there was any flak about this at the time, I suspect not. I suspect there would be now. One thing about that time is that the U.S. military was in an all time low in terms of public respect and therefore there likely wouldn't have been a visceral reaction to such a thing as there would now, when accolades to everything military are often grossly over done. At any rate, the Boy Scouts were no doubt not trying to leap on board the Airborne bandwagon but it sort of had that odd appearance to it. Scarlet is pretty close to maroon to most people, so it looks pretty darned close to the airborne beret.
It was that useless cap that was in use when I was briefly a scout and while I don't have any other item of my Boy Scout stuff, I still have that. But then I like hats. At some point after I got out I took off the Boy Scout fluer de lis and so it has no insignia on it. Why, well I was thinking it would look like a cool British Airborne beret at that time. And it sort of did. Not that I wore it, it was just part of a collection.
Like every other hat we've discussed here, the beret remains an official Boy Scout cap but it's very rare. At some point it must have occurred to the Scouts that everyone looks like a goof, a Communist guerrilla, and just wacky wearing a red beret. They can still be worn, but they're no longer being offered by Scouting suppliers.
In their place came. . .
yes. . .
the dred cap that has sucked all the air out of the room. The trucker's variety of the baseball cap.
Anyhow, it was 1971 when the Boy Scouts, seeing which way the wind was blowing the caps, adopted the red beret. It first came in for the "Leadership Corps", today's "Venture Crew" which was an advisory board in the Boy Scouts in which selected members advised their leaders. In other words, the red beret was at first a sort of distinctive honorary uniform item, somewhat the way the maroon beret, green beret, etc., are in military service. In 1975 it spread to general use, beating out the Army's adoption of the universal black beret by twenty six years.

I don't know if there was any flak about this at the time, I suspect not. I suspect there would be now. One thing about that time is that the U.S. military was in an all time low in terms of public respect and therefore there likely wouldn't have been a visceral reaction to such a thing as there would now, when accolades to everything military are often grossly over done. At any rate, the Boy Scouts were no doubt not trying to leap on board the Airborne bandwagon but it sort of had that odd appearance to it. Scarlet is pretty close to maroon to most people, so it looks pretty darned close to the airborne beret.
It was that useless cap that was in use when I was briefly a scout and while I don't have any other item of my Boy Scout stuff, I still have that. But then I like hats. At some point after I got out I took off the Boy Scout fluer de lis and so it has no insignia on it. Why, well I was thinking it would look like a cool British Airborne beret at that time. And it sort of did. Not that I wore it, it was just part of a collection.
Like every other hat we've discussed here, the beret remains an official Boy Scout cap but it's very rare. At some point it must have occurred to the Scouts that everyone looks like a goof, a Communist guerrilla, and just wacky wearing a red beret. They can still be worn, but they're no longer being offered by Scouting suppliers.
In their place came. . .
yes. . .
the dred cap that has sucked all the air out of the room. The trucker's variety of the baseball cap.
Comparison and contrast. Finnish police wearing patrol type baseball caps with Finnish border guards wearing the uncommon fat type of garrison cap. Fat garrison caps are pretty close to the German feldmutze bizarrely absent a brim. Feldmutze are a traditional northern European cap that have seen a lot of military and outdoors use and are a truly useful cap.
Well, actually the Boy Scouts adopted baseball hats at the same time as they adopted the beret.
Now, I've written about baseball caps before and I'm not really hugely opposed to baseball caps.
Well, to put it more bluntly, I actually am basically opposed to baseball caps even though I wear a different style of them all the time.
The thing about baseball caps is that they've taken over everything but are really not suitable for most things. They're a great hat for sports as they're simple and easy and in their modern cotton version, easy to keep and wear. It was those qualities which caused the longer billed version to first make an appearance in the Navy on the decks of aircraft carriers during World War Two and then spread to the USAF for men on flight lines by the Korean War. They made sense in that application.
But as an outdoors field cap they really suck.
They don't protect the ears or the back of the neck and they simply become sodden in the rain. They have made a major appearance in the game fields and everywhere else, but they aren't really an appropriate outdoor cap and ought to go in that use. But they won't be any time soon.
In fact the opposite is largely true.
They are better than the beret or garrison cap, as an outdoor cap, however.
Baseball caps (using the term generically) have over a century of existence but it wasn't until after World War Two that they really started to become ubiquitous. Indeed, as noted in our earlier thread, they would have been regarded as indecent for most uses until that time and while they do start showing up in some photos of working men in the 1930s, it wasn't really until the war that they started to spread. As already noted, during World War Two they spread into Navy use in a form with a modified gigantic brim and they shortly thereafter spread into Air Force ground crew use. By the Korean War the USAF was using them very widely as an unofficial flight line cap in dark blue, which made some sense as ground crews otherwise, at that time, used a variant of the OD mechanics cap discussed above. By the 1960s it was very common in the USAF and remained so for a very long time.
Now, I've written about baseball caps before and I'm not really hugely opposed to baseball caps.
Well, to put it more bluntly, I actually am basically opposed to baseball caps even though I wear a different style of them all the time.
The thing about baseball caps is that they've taken over everything but are really not suitable for most things. They're a great hat for sports as they're simple and easy and in their modern cotton version, easy to keep and wear. It was those qualities which caused the longer billed version to first make an appearance in the Navy on the decks of aircraft carriers during World War Two and then spread to the USAF for men on flight lines by the Korean War. They made sense in that application.
But as an outdoors field cap they really suck.
They don't protect the ears or the back of the neck and they simply become sodden in the rain. They have made a major appearance in the game fields and everywhere else, but they aren't really an appropriate outdoor cap and ought to go in that use. But they won't be any time soon.
In fact the opposite is largely true.
They are better than the beret or garrison cap, as an outdoor cap, however.
Baseball caps (using the term generically) have over a century of existence but it wasn't until after World War Two that they really started to become ubiquitous. Indeed, as noted in our earlier thread, they would have been regarded as indecent for most uses until that time and while they do start showing up in some photos of working men in the 1930s, it wasn't really until the war that they started to spread. As already noted, during World War Two they spread into Navy use in a form with a modified gigantic brim and they shortly thereafter spread into Air Force ground crew use. By the Korean War the USAF was using them very widely as an unofficial flight line cap in dark blue, which made some sense as ground crews otherwise, at that time, used a variant of the OD mechanics cap discussed above. By the 1960s it was very common in the USAF and remained so for a very long time.
Also in the 1960s the U.S. Army adopted a type of baseball cap for Army use. It was hideous.
The Army cap is universally regarded as one of the ugliest attempts at military headgear ever adopted by the U.S. Army in modern times. It seems to have come about as service in Vietnam required a hat that wasn't so warm as the Army's existing fatigue cap. It was lighter, but the stiffened front was weird and nobody like it. In spite of that, it was adopted by the Army and the Air Force and the door was hence open to widespread military use, for a time, of the baseball cap.
Only for a time, however, as when BDU's came in during the early 1980s the hated baseball cap went out in favor of the patrol cap once again. Both the Army and the Air Force adopted the patrol cap as a fatigue cap and its remained in service ever since. Looked at that way, the patrol cap has nearly a half century or more of use now with the Army.
Be that as it may, the baseball cap was on its way into to outfits using uniforms and worst of all in its hideous trucker's hat form, that being a shorter brimmed, square front, version with a mesh back. Indeed, the Army's baseball cap was so hideous that a trucker's hat variant of that even made a brief unofficial appearance in Army units, and it actually looked better than the issue cap.
In 1972, as the same time it was adopting the beret, the Scouts adopted a uniform patter of the baseball cap. It was a really basic ball cap with no frills other than the Scout insignia on the front. In adopting it, the Scouts sort of followed the Army's lead, but less so.
Some time after the 1970s, and I don't really know when, the Boy Scouts adopted the trucker's hat type baseball cap. It features a mesh back and a colored front. It's a useless outdoors cap.
In 1980 all the Scout uniforms underwent a major, and at the time somewhat controversial, overhaul courtesy of Oscar de la Renta, the fashion designer, who was retained for the project. The result was a severing from the old military influenced uniform to one that more Forest Service or Park Service like (except that the Park Service, in addition to issuing baseball caps itself, still retains the M1911 campaign hat as prt of its official uniform).**** Green shirts were phased out for khaki. Dark green trousers, ultimately with massive cargo pockets (probably a good addition) were brought in, completing, no doubt unintentionally, the Boy Scout's ode to the World War Two paratrooper uniform.. The new uniform didn't look completely non military, but it sure looked a whole lot Park Service. Except for the hat, of course.
In 06 or so, the Scouts adopted the patrol cap version of the baseball cap and it seems to have replaced the trucker's hat. That at least is a slightly positive turn of events.
Current patrol cap style of baseball cap, this one by the Australian military suppler and outdoors company Platypus Outdoors. The patch on the front is a Velcro backed State of Wyoming flag in subdued desert colors which is designed to affix to military uniforms and apparel, such as this.
The patrol cap version of the baseball cap shouldn't be confused with the regular service patrol cap. Rather, that version of the baseball cap is a modern long-billed style of baseball cap with no mesh. That style of cap, much better looking than the truckers cap, seems to have come over from. . . baseball. It was picked up in strength by special military units, for some reason, early in the war in Afghanistan and soon thereafter manufacturers started making them specifically for servicemen, with Velcro panels for the attachment of insignia and ultraviolet reflective panels. They have not been officially adopted by any branch of the service but they are very widespread.
The Scouts seem to have picked up on this and in 06 started issuing an OD patrol cap type baseball cap. In the Scouts it seems to have replaced the trucker's cap, which continues to afflict the Cub Scotus and the Webelos.
Additionally, in apparent recognition that baseball caps are a poor choice for outdoor use, the Scouts adopted a version of the boonie cap.
U.S. troops in Afghanistan in 2001 wearing boonie caps
Malayan police in British jungle kit.
And they also, oddly, adopted the ugly looking wool felt version of a broad brimmed hat usually affected by people who are ignorant of broad brimmed hats. Using the least suitable felt for that type of hat, it usually looks thick. But folks who are ignorant on hats like that type as they think it looks like a fedora.
Which it does not.
All of which is odd, and not, as its a full circle sort of thing. Boonie caps definitely have their place but they're not as useful as campaign hats, although they're a lot cheaper. And for some odd reason they can look great or goofy depending upon the design, even though it doesn't vary much. Much of that is knowing how to wear one and being comfortable with it.
So, what does this evolution of uniform design tell us. Well probably not all that much, maybe.
_________________________________________________________________________________
*The Boy Scouts have never made any one hat or cap they've approved officially obsolete. They can all still be worn and the M1911 type campaign hat is actually still offered fro purchase by Scout suppliers.
**Congress made the wearing of military uniforms by civilians of any type illegal in 1916 but had made an exception for the Boy Scouts, whose uniform very closely resembled that of the U.S. Army. The doughboy style uniform went out in 1923, but of note the Army was also overhauling uniforms at that time and also abandoned its prior uniform at that time.
***In addition to going from breaches to trousers, one big change was the adoption of shorts in the 1930s for Boy Scouts, having been mandated for leaders over some protest in 1920.
Shorts are very common now but even when I was a kid in the 1960s and 1970s they were something worn only by small children as a rule. There's no earthly way that I would have been caught wearing shorts after I was about ten years old and I can recall actually declaring that I would no longer wear them, to some slight expression of sadness from my mother.
****Indeed, Park Service uniforms also descent from the Army's uniform, and from the same original period. The Park Service was created just prior to World War One and relieved the Army from the role of patrolling the National Parks.
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Wednesday, May 9, 2018
Today In Wyoming's History: May 8. The LDS severs ties with the BSA.
From our companion blog, Today In Wyoming's History:
Today In Wyoming's History: May 8: 2018 Following the Boys Scouts official departure from being an organization in anyway dedicated to the development of young men, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) severed association with the Boy Scouts. The joint statement issued by the Boy Scouts and the Mormon church stated the following:
A Joint Statement from
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
and
The Boy Scouts of America
May 8, 2018The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Boy Scouts of America have been partners for more than 100 years. The Scouting program has benefited hundreds of thousands of Latter-day Saint boys and young men, and BSA has also been greatly benefited in the process. We jointly express our gratitude to the thousands of Scout leaders and volunteers who have selflessly served over the years in Church-sponsored Scouting units, including local BSA districts and councils.In this century of shared experience, the Church has grown from a U.S.-centered institution to a worldwide organization, with a majority of its membership living outside the United States. That trend is accelerating. The Church has increasingly felt the need to create and implement a uniform youth leadership and development program that serves its members globally. In so doing, it will be necessary for the Church to discontinue its role as a chartered partner with BSA.We have jointly determined that, effective on December 31, 2019, the Church will conclude its relationship as a chartered organization with all Scouting programs around the world. Until that date, to allow for an orderly transition, the intention of the Church is to remain a fully engaged partner in Scouting for boys and young men ages 8–13 and encourages all youth, families, and leaders to continue their active participation and financial support.While the severance of relations, effective on December 31, 2019, more than one year away at the time it was announced, was issued as a "joint statement", it was a slam to the the BSA in more ways than one. For one thing the Mormons had been traditionally huge supporters of Scouting,While the Church will no longer be a chartered partner of BSA or sponsor Scouting units after December 31, 2019, it continues to support the goals and values reflected in the Scout Oath and Scout Law and expresses its profound desire for Scouting’s continuing and growing success in the years ahead.
continuing on a relationship with churches that in some ways reflected an earlier era when Scouting was heavily invested in churches. The line "While the Church will no longer be a chartered partner of BSA or sponsor Scouting units after December 31, 2019, it continues to support the goals and values reflected in the Scout Oath and Scout Law" is a shot right under the water line at the Scouts at that, as by severing its relationship with the BSA it implicitly is indicating that it feels that the BSA itself is no longer really true to its original mission and that the LDS church must accordingly break its ties to it.Where this will go is far from clear, but the public severance by the Mormons nearly closes out an era of close association of various religions with the BSA and reflects a wider societal split on what some very basic values in our society are going to be. It's also a brave move for the LDS as its takes them very decidedly out into the currently prevailing winds, while at the same time it may be one more move that indicates that Scouting itself is basically coming to an end as it tries to accommodate social trends which run contrary to its original existential purpose.This is posted here on this site, of course, as the Mormon church is widely represented in some areas of Wyoming as are Scout troops associated with it.
I could have gone on from here. It was clear that the Mormons were having trouble with their association with the BSA the last few years in general. With the latest BSA move the Mormons simply could no longer, apparently, accommodate themselves to the socially "progressive" direction the BSA seems to be determined to accommodate, or at least knuckle under to. In its statement it notes that the LDS church has more members overseas than it does in the US, and that too is telling as the Mormons may have correctly picked up on something that some other churches in the US and Europe have failed to grasp, which is that not only is the majority of the globe not following the western world in certain "progressive" developments, the opposite is in fact the case. Most of the world, including those parts that have adopted western liberal democratic ideas, are increasingly socially conservative, not socially liberal. Organizations with a global reach should be at least somewhat aware of that.
It'll be interested to see how this develops. It would seem likely that the Mormons will form their own Scouting type organization based on the original Scouting concepts. If they do, they won't be forming the first such organization. I'll be curious if, assuming they do that, they limit that organization to an all Mormon one or unite it with other severing groups. I'd guess they'd do the latter.
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Sunday, May 6, 2018
Exit the Boy Scouts Stage Left. Boys, Men, the "Masculinity Crisis" and the "BSA" as an example of it.
Boy Scouts in more muscular days. Examining a Browning M2 .50 BMG machinegun during World War Two.
In some circles, it's popular to speak about there being a "Masculinity Crisis" in our society, by which is meant Western Society. And I've started such threads a couple of times, and then determined not to post them or even complete them.
Although I have posted one on the decline and fall of the Boy Scouts before. Indeed, fairly recently, here:
No place for boys. . .
or at least no officially sanctioned ones, anyway. There will still be groups of boys organized without girls, probably largely self organized, and that's a problem.
The Third Liberty Load was a World War One era liberty loan drive. Nearly every single thing about this poster would be regarded as abhorrent by our social guardians today.*
When I wrote that, it turned out I was actually a bit premature. But only a bit. Now the "Boy Scouts" have gone so far as to make sure there's no "boy" in scouting. . . at least not in the name. Now the organization is officially neutered. . . and I meant that just the way it sounds.
Lord General Baden Powell, once the British Army's Chief of Cavalry, reviewing the Boy Scouts in November 1918. These scouts look pretty young, so they'd be, I'd guess, the equivalent of Cub Scouts. He'd be pretty appalled by the modern Boy Scouts of America. . or rather Scouting BSA.
Before I go any further, I should note, I have no real personal connection with Scouting. I may have noted that earlier, but I was only very briefly a Boy Scout. So briefly that I usually just say I was never a Scout, which isn't quite true. I was a Cub Scout when I was a kid, as was probably every boy in my grade school. I can't say that experience left much of an impression on me. It made even less of one on my son who was a Cub Scout for a little over a year and then gave it up, the second year truly being a lame experience. I was never a Webelo, that intermediate mysterious stage in scouting. I joined the Boy Scouts at some point in late grade school and was only in it for a few months. I think I did as a good friend of mine who is still a good friend of mine did the same. It showed some promise but for some reason, perhaps a family trait of being non joiners, I didn't retain interest in it very long. Just, if I recall correctly, one late spring, the following summer, and a little bit of the fall. I obtained a couple of merit badges in that time and still have my red BSA beret around somewhere. Soon after that I was into junior high and joined the Civil Air Patrol, which I was in a little over three years, which I liked much better.

Badge of Better Boyhood or not, my stint in the BSA was short. Not as short as my father and his brother, however. They were never in the Scouts which was unusual for their time.
I'd note that this is oddly emblematic for some reason of my immediate family. Neither my father nor his brother were Scouts of any type. My father went to his final year in high school here when JrROTC was a requirement, but as he transferred into the school in his last year he was only required to take it for one semester, rather than three years. He later served in the USAF. His brother wasn't a Scout either, but did do three years in JrROTC as he had no choice. He later served in the Army. I didn't do JrROTC but did do CAP, as noted. I later served in the National Guard. Nobody has ever been successful in getting any of us to stay in any fraternal organization for long either. My father was only Knight of Columbus very briefly and probably because he didn't have much of a choice. His brother was, but probably not for a real long time. I never have been.
Guess we're not joiners unless it involves heavy weapons somehow.
Anyhow, I note this as I'm not in the personal nostalgia camp on the Scouts, having never really had much association with them.
Nonetheless, I think the decline of the Scouts from a Boys Organization into whatever it is now is pathetic and a reflection of a culture that's increasingly pathetic. So, yes, there is a bit of a masculinity crisis in Western Society.
And increasingly there's no legitimate place for boys and men.
Now, I didn't say there's no place. There always well be. Men will form such associations one way or another. The founders of organizations like the Scouts knew that and sought to direct it. And that's something that's important.
Like it or not, there are real differences between male and female in our society. Right now, the "progressives" amongst us really don't like that, and for that matter they don't even like the concept of gender much or the simple fact that gender is biologically determined.
Elsewhere, earlier in this blog, I went into the "muscular Christianity" movement of the early 20th Century and how that gave rise to Scouting. While I'll note that I'm pretty pessimistic about Scouting here, one thing I did there was to somewhat question whether youth organizations have declined as much as supposed. What can't be doubted, however, is that their character has significantly changed and to a degree, over time, and to a great degree in some organizations, they've become feminized in the dual sense of the word. I.e., they've become more feminine and they've become feministic to a degree.
Now this would vary by organization, but anyone who has looked at them much can't really dispute that and that's been part of a process that has also been a dual one. One part has been the fully legitimate expansion of the role of women in society in the modern age, a byproduct I've argued was largely due to the mechanization of the household. That development, while so often focused on, was much more natural in the organic sense than people are willing to even begin to acknowledge, and therefore much less radical no matter how it might appear to social historians. The other part has been, however, something truly radical in the form of the more radical feminist movement. Always a minority of women, it's been a progressive cause that's not so much sought to advance opportunities for women as to ultimately argue that men and women don't even exist.
Always a factor of the extreme left, that movement has combined with other social goals of the extreme left for an odd progressive stew. Indeed an interesting book, based on the author's interview (I haven't read it and am not going to) has been written by a former writer from Cosmopolitan who detailed how in that magazines radical heyday she and others in the magazines simply made stuff up to support the concept of the cause, with that concept being a radically libertine one. Indeed, she maintains that the magazine was even successful in co-opting some of the original feminist who were much more feminine than their followers and who were more in the category of the "Me Too" movement of today, and who even originally opposed abortion.
Such views, interestingly enough, have always been a feature of the really extreme left, which again makes it surprising to see how successful they've become in modern Western Society in our own day. The early Socialist radicals who would become Marxists took Marx very seriously and argued that "all wives should be held in common" as Marx had, by which they meant that they were opposed to marriage and any kind of sexual restraint at all. What Mrs. Marx thought of that I don't know, but if you look at the lives of their children it would seem that the concepts of the father of various types brought personal disaster upon the psychological well being of the children. Lenin, of course, had a wife and a mistress. Stalin had the the pre marriage moral behavior of an alley cat and is suspected in the death of his wife, but perhaps here is where the interesting aspect of the Marxist view starts. She wanted to work and Stalin, who had a string of paramours before he married her, wasn't keen on that at all.
Indeed, while Communist revolutionaries in the early days discouraged marriage and encouraged abortion and basically lived lives of pretty amoral abandon in this area (the life and writings of Whitaker Chambers provide some interesting insights into that) generally once they started to be successful they took the opposite approach to a radical degree, showing perhaps that the test of that area of Marxist thought failed pretty quickly. The Soviets in power were downright puritanical in Soviet culture and not tolerant at all of what they'd previously espoused and engaged in. That spread to the later Communist movements which likewise held that view. So much so, in fact, that the British were able to use that as propoganda against Malaysian Communist who had to live lives of strict conduct in these regards including obtaining permission to marry from their superiors. When it could be shown by the British that the superiors privately didn't behave that way, a door was open to disillusion the rank and file who naturally reacted with "hey?"
All of which is pointed out only because concepts put to the test in this area uniformly fail, none the less we're deep in the midst of them.
And one of the things we're deep in the midst of is an outright attack on masculinity and things male.
Now, that may seem like an exaggeration and it can indeed be grossly exaggerated. And it might not really be fully understood. But what can be fairly easily determined is that even a pool of average guys today, selected at random, contains a lot more effeminate men than a similar pool would have two or three decades ago.
Not that this hasn't happened before. It has. It's seemingly a cyclical sort of thing.
That takes me back to citing the Strauss Howe Generational Theory which always causes me to note that I'm not a proponent of it. I've cited it enough however to note that I do feel there's something to it, and here what I think there is to it is that feminization of men does seemingly occur on a repeated basis and I'd tend to agree that in part men tend to be what women want them to be. In eras when the wolf is at the door men tend to be, if you will, more manly.
But I also think that in our own era there's been a real attack on the basic nature, and the ingrained organic nature at that, of being male. And its an area where those who attack the media have some traction. I've heard some really sbsurd analysis, for example, on how Donald Trump is emblematic of old maleness that's passing, and this on one of the news shows.
Oh, bull.
But when you are in an era in which the most feminine of men are celebrated, and indeed men who are so confused on their gender that they wish to become women, are celebrated, you know things have become more than a little confused in terms of comporting with nature and biology.
Well, all things straighten out in the end. It's often said that nature abhors a vacuum but more than that nature simply squashes, on her own time, things that can't exist naturally. Nature will get you one way or another. And as such views are uniquely those of a narrow sector of the wealthy, European (which would include European American) Western Society, and not the globe at large, it's pretty arrogant to think that they views will last long
But while they do, some ridiculous and harmful things are made to occur. And the squashing of boys organizations are one of those things.
The Scouts, as detailed before in our earlier threads, were formed because Lord Baden Powell was distressed that British youth had lost its more rugged values. Coming up in the Protestant Muscular Christianity era and part of it, it sought to combine the lessons and virtues of the outdoor life with Christian values. It was not a religious organization per se, but it was a Christian one and that really cannot be doubted. For years and years, and even now, Scout Troops were primarily associated with churches. Nearly ever major church had one and that meant that Scouting Troops were all Christian as a rule and they were beyond that, sectarian by default if not by design. Lord Baden Powell himself noted in a book actually entitled Scouting & Christianity that; "Scouting is nothing less than applied Christianity". Upon the foundation of the movement he had stated:
You can't get much clearer that that. Scouting was specifically designed to instill manly virtues in boys in hopes that they'd retain Christian manly virtues as adults.**
This may seem odd to us benighted moderns, but one of the things that has often and periodically been complained about in regards to Christianity is that can become highly feminized. The reasons for this are often debated but it can be said that one of the reasons is that many of values of Christianity that are associated with compassion seem to lend themselves more naturally to women rather than men. This is so much the case with some that it is easy to forget that not all Christian virtues by a long-shot can be defined by compassion and reducing Christianity to that is grossly in error.
Anyhow, what this has done is to cause cycles in which women predominate in churches. These are cycle, not permanent evolutions, and they don't happen uniformly by any means. The expression of this in the Orthodox churches, for example has been in a different fashion than it has been other churches. This is true in the Catholic Churches as well, which as is often noted have all male clergy, which doesn't mean that they've been immune to it.*** It's most pronounced in the Protestant churches, some of which have reduced their theology nearly to the "it's nice to be nice to the nice" level.
The Muscular Christianity movement came as a reaction to that in the Protestant Churches in the late 19th Century. This phenomenon skipped the Orthodox and Catholic Churches, and the Jewish synagogues, at the time, so it was really a Protestant movement. It was a pretty successful movement however and at least some elements of it, including the Boy Scouts, spread into at least all aspects of the Christian churches in the West. And it was such a successful movement it proved to be a problem for anti Christian movements in various places. Nazi Germany, for example, banned the Boy Scouts.
In the spirit of dumping on the Baby Boomers once again, the decline and now the fall of the Scouts is yet another part of their legacy to a degree. Scouting started to take a hit in the 60s and 70s when the Boomers, who are now the same demographic that wants you to join the Rotarian's, the Elks or one of the two big political parties, didn't want to join anything that featured a uniform.
And the more radical edge of the Boomer movement of the time attacked standards in general and the Boy Scouts were an organization that had them. Indeed, this was so much the case that to call somebody a "Boy Scout" as a slander is well known. It's the same as calling somebody a Goody Two Shoes, a slander that absentmindedly recalls the story of an impossibly good maiden whose virtue is rewarded by foot-gear and a happy marriage.
The story upon which a diss is based, although few people probably realize the origin of the phrase.
That in and of itself is interesting as to slam somebody for their virtue is essentially to confess being enraptured by the "glamour of evil". Nonetheless, the Boy Scouts have slowly succumbed to the pressure of a decline of values and standards. Even by the 1970s the organization wasn't what it was in the 1950s and certainly wasn't what it was in the 1930s. Hit by some scandals in the late 20th Century and early 21st Century it failed to really urge for a societal examination of the source of those scandals as has every other organization that was hit by the same set of them (and it should be noted that schools, uniquely, continue to be beset by the same phenomenon unabated and were always were they were most expressed, and yet this remains unaddressed and unnoticed). As homosexual advocates gained ground in their advocacy for the normalization of their attractions in the early 21st Century the Boy Scouts prohibition on homosexual leaders and openly homosexual members came under attack and while the Scouts initially leaned back on the organizations Christian underpinnings it soon yielded. Whether it should have or not can be debated, but the fact that the organization basically first relied upon its Christian underpinnings and then rapidly changed course signaled pretty clearly that it was drifting rapidly away from its original organic purpose.
Friday, May 4, 2018
The Community Hall
The sign reads "Community Hall, Restored 1976, Gillette FFA".
There are a fair number of these.
Little halls for isolated rural communities. Communities that were really too far from town to go to town's regularly. Even as late as the 1970s, when this one was restored, I can recall one in northern rural Carbon County that received a fair amount of use.
Now, I'd guess none of them do
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Wednesday, October 18, 2017
No place for boys. . .
or at least no officially sanctioned ones, anyway. There will still be groups of boys organized without girls, probably largely self organized, and that's a problem.
Well, because boys will be boys, and we can't have that.
There's basically a war on masculinity going on in this country and in Western society as a whole, waged by social theorists and backed and staffed by members of my profession, lawyers, whose allegiance is principally to the theory that everything presents a good cause of action. And its destroying things. I'd say that at some point it becomes dangerous, but we've passed that point long ago. It needs to stop, and in a major way, but nobody has the guts to really take it on.
And this is an example of this.
I've posted on the Boy Scouts fairly recently. In that item I went into the history of the Boy Scouts and how they came about. As noted in that post, the Boy Scouts were an expression of the "Muscular Christianity" movement, a movement principally focused in Protestant Faiths (the Catholic and Orthodox branches of Christianity already had a strong masculine expression at the time). The Boy Scouts specifically came about as Lord Baden Powell was getting concerned that British youth was exhibiting all the foundation of a mass of boiled noodles and looking rather pathetic in comparison to their equivalents in Africa who had been raised in a heartier more outdoorsy fashion.
That was, of course, because those Boer youth in Africa had been raised in a very outdoors fashion and the English were by that time largely urban, just as Americans are today. But that concern existed even at that time in the United States and not without good reason.
And underlying theme of the early Boy Scouts was to instill Christian virtues in boys. At a time in which a lot of children started working in their early teens there was reason to be concerned. Looking back, its fairly amazing the extent to which American youth of that era did largely stick to the values they had been exposed to early on, as the pressure in the opposite direction was enormous. I know, for example, that my grandfather was a loyal Catholic his whole life and that he was good friends with the Monsignor who was at the local parish. He'd left home at age 13 and worked first in San Francisco. How much strength of character must have that taken (and how adult were 13 year olds at that time)?
But that wasn't true of everyone.

The Third Liberty Load was a World War One era liberty loan drive. Nearly every single thing about this poster would be regarded as abhorrent by our social guardians today.
The Boy Scouts of America's board of directors has unanimously agreed to welcome girls into the Cub Scout program and to forge a path for older girls to pursue and earn the highest rank of Eagle Scout, the organization said Wednesday.And why?
Well, because boys will be boys, and we can't have that.
There's basically a war on masculinity going on in this country and in Western society as a whole, waged by social theorists and backed and staffed by members of my profession, lawyers, whose allegiance is principally to the theory that everything presents a good cause of action. And its destroying things. I'd say that at some point it becomes dangerous, but we've passed that point long ago. It needs to stop, and in a major way, but nobody has the guts to really take it on.
And this is an example of this.
I've posted on the Boy Scouts fairly recently. In that item I went into the history of the Boy Scouts and how they came about. As noted in that post, the Boy Scouts were an expression of the "Muscular Christianity" movement, a movement principally focused in Protestant Faiths (the Catholic and Orthodox branches of Christianity already had a strong masculine expression at the time). The Boy Scouts specifically came about as Lord Baden Powell was getting concerned that British youth was exhibiting all the foundation of a mass of boiled noodles and looking rather pathetic in comparison to their equivalents in Africa who had been raised in a heartier more outdoorsy fashion.
That was, of course, because those Boer youth in Africa had been raised in a very outdoors fashion and the English were by that time largely urban, just as Americans are today. But that concern existed even at that time in the United States and not without good reason.
And underlying theme of the early Boy Scouts was to instill Christian virtues in boys. At a time in which a lot of children started working in their early teens there was reason to be concerned. Looking back, its fairly amazing the extent to which American youth of that era did largely stick to the values they had been exposed to early on, as the pressure in the opposite direction was enormous. I know, for example, that my grandfather was a loyal Catholic his whole life and that he was good friends with the Monsignor who was at the local parish. He'd left home at age 13 and worked first in San Francisco. How much strength of character must have that taken (and how adult were 13 year olds at that time)?
But that wasn't true of everyone.

Boy's scouting. . . but not in a good way. Coal thieves, 1917.
One of the tragedies of the very recent modern world and a major problem for European society (of which we are part) has been the acceptance that there is such a thing as the feminine and denial that there is such a think as the masculine. Both exist by nature, but modern social theorist abhor that fact. This has meant, over time, that anything that is either masculine by social construction, or even more disturbingly by nature, has been attacked and has to be dismantled. This has given is a bizarre world where female athletics must be protected, in that fashion, under Title IX while at the same time sports that are fairly naturally male (and which revert that at the professional level) must be open to any girl foolish and reckless enough to subject themselves to them. Combat, the unfortunate occupation of men since the dawn of time, now must be open to women too, even though anyone even remotely familiar with what that means should be horrified. And no male organization can stands.
Critics might reply that female ones are likewise open to men, but for the most part, men and boys want nothing to do with them. Yes, the Girl Scouts are open to boys but generally most boys would not want to join it, and those who do are likely unusual or have parents who are rather unusual. Usually in their teens the attention of males starts focusing on females, but not in the sense that most teenage men want to hang out in a large group of teenage girls and attempt to engage them on that level. Even as adults most men do not like being the only man in a group of women as the talk and interactions will rapidly become gender unfamiliar, uncomfortable, and uninteresting (let alone exceedingly complicated. . . the relationship between women, by nature, is subject to a set of seemingly genetically foreordained rules that no man understands or wants to understand).
In the real world, the world where young men form gangs by nature and where the attention of young men is naturally outdoors (as it naturally is for older men as well), and where the influences on the school yard and locker room are often highly immoral, having an organization dedicated to boys alone, lead by virtuous men, and with a focus on nature, would be a good thing.
But now, the societal Nazis have taken one of the few ones that existed down, to the loss of us all. Can a feminist BDM be far behind?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Lest anyone wonder, as I've noted before, yes I was a Cub Scout, but I was only a Boy Scout for about 2.5 seconds. Even in my day, which is now long ago, the Boy Scouts weren't what they once were, at least in my experience. But they were boys.
Anyhow,. my comments here aren't due to any residual nostalgia for my days in Scouting. Frankly, I wasn't terribly impressed back then. But I also recognize that my experiences are just mine. And I also feel that boys ought to have some place that they can seek to develop as men, without having to have the constant influence of the better half. They'll get plenty of that elsewhere. Having a few places they can go with just men and boys isn't too much to ask.
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