Girls Canning Clubs were a movement in the early 20th Century that was a reaction to a similar corn growing club for boys much in the same way that the Girl Scouts were a reaction to the Boy Scouts. They started off as Tomato Clubs and evolved into general Canning Clubs, sometimes finding an expression in 4H.
I'm sure that canning is still done in 4H today and in recent years it seems to have undergone a bit of a revival. My suspicion is that our current times will increase that trend.
Lee Ying, Washington D. C. Cigar maker. May 26, 1920.
Lee Ying apparently operated his own shop and he didn't appear to be particularly pleased to be the subject of a newspaper photograph on May 26, 1920. This probably was just another day at work for him.
Cigars, like canning, have enjoyed a bit of a revival recently. Indeed, the things they're associated with have as well, two being whiskey and the concept, if not the actual practice, of leisure.
On this day in 1920 the New Hampshire Primaries were held. It was the first time that New Hampshire's primary had the "first in the nation" status and only the second time it had been held, having been established in 1916.
The top Republican vote getter was Gen. Leonard Wood, where as the top Democrat was Herbert Hoover.
Wood was a physician and career Army officer who was a close associate of Theodore Roosevelt. That was part of the reason that Wood had been bypassed for the senior command of the U.S. Army in France during World War One, but only part of the reason. That same association, however, made him a very serious contender for the 1920 Republican nomination.
Hoover, a mining engineer by trade, had come into the public eye due to his leadership of relief efforts in Europe following World War One. During the war and following it he'd urged that taxes be raised and he'd been a critic of the Palmer raids. He ran on Progressive policies such as the establishment of a minimum wage, the elimination of child labor, and a forty-eight hour work week. While he did well in the New Hampshire primary as a Democrat, that very month he switched parties and in 1928 he ran, successfully, as a Republican.
Regarding politics, elsewhere Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman met with Lenin. They were among those who had been deported several weeks prior. Both had been born in Imperial Russia and their radicalism resulted in their being rounded up and sent back there just prior to the Palmer Raids.
In meeting with Lenin they complained about Communists treatment of anarchists and lack of freedom of the press. Lenin told them to pound sand. Both would later write books about their delusionment with Soviet Russia.
In some ways its hard not to regard both of them as completely delusional.
In Cheyenne, the paper noted an effort to wipe out smoking by 1925.
The New Hampshire's first in the nation status wasn't a big deal at the time and it didn't make the front page of any Wyoming newspaper on this day.
The troubles over the ratification of the Versailles Treaty, however, did.
With all this news, it's no wonder some folks felt they needed a drink.
Gasoline Alley, February 9, 1920. In 1920 there was a great deal of concern about the revival of the prior two years horrific flu epidemic.
Let me by start off by noting that I'm not saying that the Corona Virus is just a bogus scare. It might turn into a true human disaster.
We don't know that yet.
It might, but it might not. It probably actually won't.
None of which is a comfort to you if you are dying from it.
According to some statistics that are probably now completely obsolete as they change every day, there have been 37,592 confirmed cases in the Coronavirus, almost all of them in China. 814 people have died (more than that as the death toll reached 100 in one day this past week, and these figures are from January). 2,920 people have recovered from the virus after having it. Add that up and it tells us that most of the people who have been infected are infected right now.
Scary?
Well, last flu season 45,000,000 Americans were infected by the flu virus, of which 61,000 died. Over 800,000 were hospitalized. Last year was a really bad year for the flu, we'd note, and the number of Americans who died from it were about double the norm. So far, this year, between 21,000,000 and 30,000,000 Americans have come down with the flu, of which about 30,000 have died.
This, we would note, places the current flu season in the category of being a bad one. February is the worst month for the flu, normally, and we already have seen a year which would be more or less average for infection and death.
Which brings me to my point.
Yes, people worry about the flu, but not like they do strange new exotic viruses.
But the flu is a real killer.
The flu killed millions in a pandemic that we've discussed here, which raged across the globe killing tens of millions just a century ago. That pandemic still isn't understood very well, and it may never be. But if you are reading this today, you have DNA from that flu virus in you. Every living human being, save perhaps those who live in truly remote regions where it never touched, does. Today, in fact, the same strain still exists, in closely mutated form, and will make you sick. But it won't kill you.
Sooner or later there will be something like the 1918-19 Flu again, most probably. Perhaps we've developed our medical technology so far that this won't occur, but it probably will. And with the larger human population of today, it'll be every bit as bad, probably, as the 1918-19 Pandemic was. Maybe worse.
But if you were a betting medical man, the bet would be that it will be the flu. . . not Coronavirus, SARS or Ebola or any of the other viruses that the news media and the general public like to freak out about.
Indeed, while the scientific memory of the 18-19 Flu remains very strong, and causes the annual focus on the developing strain in the medical community, the scientific knowledge of the American public has bizarrely declined in recent decades to the point where while we now have vaccines that can address it, people will forgo having themselves or their children vaccinated or even treated because they are ignorant of science. Just this past week a four year old child died because his ignorant mother took advice from an Anti Vaccination Facebook group about treating him with Tamilflu. She's a moron. They're idiots. They are culpable in his death. But such things are now common in the US now, while also running around like chickens with our heads cut off about new viruses also is.
Sailor and Red Cross nurse at the site of a munitions plant explosion, October 5, 1918, wearing mask for protection against the flu.
Indeed, the ability to calculate risk is a really interesting topic, and the topic of infectious disease, and health in general, gives many such examples.
Humans, in their long history, have battled with many killer diseases. Interestingly, in earlier eras, while these diseases did scare us, rightfully, we often carried on carrying on in the face of a massive death toll anyhow. This is so much the case than modern historians now like to assert, falsely, that the news of an outbreak was suppressed.
This is very much the case with the 18-19 flu. It was bad, and communities did end up closing schools and churches, but for the most part people carried on to a remarkable degree. Now you hear all the time that the news was suppressed in the press. It most definitely wasn't. It was front page news the entire time, including the daily death toll in the community. People very much knew what was going on and just how bad it was.
Diseases like smallpox provide another example. Smallpox plagued humans for centuries and people worried greatly about it, but for the most part they carried on enduring risks we would not if faced with a similar disease today. In really desperate situations people would inoculate themselves or have themselves inoculated, risky as it involved a live vaccine, but that's because they were living and working in conditions where they couldn't avoid the disease.
American with smallpox, 1912.
The only disease that's really been like that in modern times has been the flu. It visits us every year, and some years its really bad. We know what we can do about it, but we don't worry all that much about it really, even though it remains a first rate killer.
Instead we worry about the exotic.
In recent years the first disease we really freaked out about was AIDS. AIDS is a horrific disease, but it's also largely behaviorally based. During the height of the freaking out about it there were suggestions that it was going to become airborne or the like. There was never any chance of that. Rather, it was always a sexually transmitted disease, of more than one strain. In the Western world the overwhelming majority of individuals who contracted it and still do, do so through homosexual sex. In Africa, where the strain is different, the overwhelming majority of people who contract it do so through heterosexual sex. There are definitely other ways it has been transmitted, but the key to it was sex. It's a sexually transmitted disease. As a sexually transmitted disease, it's one whose mode of transmission is an automatic limiter and it was never going to be as deadly as the flu in any one year or even close to being.
This is the case, we'd note, with all sexually transmitted diseases, all of which have increased in recent years as sexual conduct has become less and less governed by common sense, morality and science. People are bad at calculating risk.
Indeed, diseases provide interesting examples about the miscalculation of risks of all sorts. During the height of the AIDS epidemic the common advice for members of the demographic most threatened with it was to employ condoms, which given the failure rate of the same is really a poor calculation of risk. The obvious recommendation that could be made that would have completely avoided the risk was rarely given. "Avoid sex" or at least "avoid sex with people you know with certainty not to be infected" wasn't the common advice.
The flip-side of this is provided by the decades running advice on avoiding "red meat" out of cancer and other health concerns. In reality, the danger posed by red meat is very small, statistically. Abstaining from meat of all types is, on the other hand, universally dangerous to people who practice it, requiring that such persons go to great lengths to find artificial substitutes for the things they would have acquired from meat. And yet, because of this marginal risk, people abstain from meat and chose instead to incur greater health risks in the exchange.
Interesting examples of poor calculation of risks are provided by smoking and drinking as well. Drinking, as it has an interesting mixed history, is one we'll look at first.
Alcohol poses very real risks to those who consume it, which has been known for a long time. Alcohol itself is a poison. Simply drinking too much alcohol in a single setting will kill you. However, we also know that human beings have a genetically developed tolerance for the poison up to a certain level, in most, but not all, populations. That tells us, from an evolutionary biological prospective, that at some point human beings developed a tolerance for something that's a manufactured poison, for some reason. That's downright odd.
The reason for it initially seems to be that primitive beer was a food source. Liquid bread, basically. As grains aren't capable of being harvested around the calendar, beer was a way to keep it. Early beers were flat and probably heavy duty, sort of like Guinness Stout, basically. Every grain growing cultures seems to have developed them. Even early on, however, the intoxication aspect of it was known, which is reflected in graffiti in huts left by the builders of the pyramids.
Additionally, brewing beer provided a safer liquid to drink than water in many places, indeed darned near all places, that routinely brewed it. In a very primitive world water was basically safe to drink, but as soon as there were sufficient people and sufficient domestic animals belonging to those people, that changed. Water from early times up through the dawn of the 20th Century was often pretty darned dangerous.
People debate on this a bit, but basically the attention required to brew beer, or to vint wine, in and of itself, was sufficient to make it safe for consumption. So in a way, as some people like to argue, the process, rather than the alcohol, made it safe. Others say, no, the alcohol did it. No matter, which ever did it, it was safe to drink and was drank in many areas in gigantic quantities year around. Medieval European farm workers, for examples, drank liters of beer per day. Scandinavians in the Middle Ages started the day off with hot beer.
And while the Middle Ages were very full of beer and wine, European cultures continued a really heavy alcohol consumption up through the 1950s. It's really only after that it started to drop off, and for much of the original safe drink water concern reason.
But that didn't mean that Middle Ages Brew was 100% good for you. It meant the water was riskier.
In modern terms, now that the threat of the water is over, the risk calculation has really changed. Physicians debate it but alcohol consumption is somewhere between 100% risky to some degree to okay if done very moderately. Most drinkers who are more than casual drinkers exceed the recommended consumption rates routinely. There are some known health benefits to drinking, as is often cited, but as often pointed out, they're marginal. People make the risk calculation today, but frankly they probably, much like the condom example given above, err on the side of the risk, rather than the safe approach.
Alcohol isn't the only drug like this, by the way. Opium poppies were first used to season bread by Medieval Italians specifically because their lives were so hard and painful it dulled their wits. That's a hard thing to accept but it was the case. So it was like alcohol in a way. Having somewhat dulled wits is a bad deal, but the risk calculation to overcome the pain was deemed worth it. Modern poppy seed bread isn't made with opium poppies today and the risks associated with opium in any form grossly exceed a casual use such as that.
Coca leaves in the Andes actually served a similar function for natives living at high altitudes. While their physical morphology actually has evolved to endure high altitude living, it's still so problematic that adults at one time spent a lot of the day chewing on coca just to have dulled wits and therefore not endure the pain of daily living the same way. In modern times, however, the drugs that stem from coca are far riskier to use for any purpose than any calculation of risk would support.
Tobacco use, and soon marijuana use, travel the same path. Tobacco was claimed to have benefits at one time but it never really did. Marijuana use will prove to be the same. They're risky and their users grossly underestimate the very well known risk associated with them.
Indeed, this takes us back to the vaccination topic. Are there any risks at all in being vaccinated for an infectious disease? Well, yes, but not the ones that are promoted by people whose claim to fame is having been a Playboy Photographic Prostitute. Some people do get sick from vaccinations, and indeed I'm one of them, having been put in the hospital due to an Army vaccination for yellow fever. It turned out that I was allergic to one of the constituents. And I've actually seen a person come down with a mild case of smallpox due to an Army vaccination, which must have meant that there was a little live vaccine in the vaccine we received and he hadn't been previously inoculated.
But those are rare examples and the risk run that a person has a reaction of that type are much lower than the risk posed by not getting the vaccination. Yellow Fever is really bad, and so is a full case of smallpox.
All which gets back to risk. People are bad at calculating it. Everyone runs risks every day, but people chose to freak out about the small risks such as coronavirus suddenly being everywhere or eating red meat, and forgo worrying about the ones they are seemingly acclimated to, like the flu.
"The World's champion home-run slugger has entered the cigar manufacturing business and is learning it, as he learned baseball, from start to finish. He'll do in any box pitcher's box, batter's box or cigar box. Watch his smoke!"
The fact that those who think that abstaining from vaccinating their children would cite to a Brady Bunch episode in their support is proof, as if any is needed, on what an astoundingly ill advised concept that movement supports.
Now, I get it, it's supposed to suggest that back in the 60s and 70s nobody thought the measles were a big deal.
Well people did think the measles were a big deal, they were just common and therefore often had to be endured. It's not that people welcomed them or regarded them as light sniffles. Indeed, having lived through that era, I can recall parents dreading them.
And citing to examples from prior decades on matters of health isn't really the wisest thing to do in all cases, now is it?
The papers were also reporting on a near mutiny by American troops in Russia, who were conscripted soldiers who were growing weary of what seemed like a forgotten and endless commitment. Apparently the mutiny did not fully develop, but clearly things were amiss.
The Munsell's, whoever they were, had the misfortune of having their divorce become front page news, something that would be pretty unlikely to occur now.
The Cheyenne paper made fun of the difficulties of office romance. That may not seem remarkable at first, but if we consider that the introduction of women into offices was very recent. . . being a secretary had been a male job very recently, that cartoon memorializes an ongoing revolution that some like to claim came about after World War Two, but which had its roots much earlier.
Indeed, by this time, the female secretary was very much a common thing, which only shortly before, it had not been. Women in office work was now common.
And with alcohol now gone, there was a campaign against tobacco, coffee, and tea ramping up.
How can it be harmful, people have used it for generations (even if they really didn't, or if in earlier eras, in some examples, scarcity of resources meant they used it rarely)?
It can't be harmful. .. . I'm using it (even if a confirmation of that type means nothing).
One of the organizations I referenced in this entry was the YMCA. What I didn't realize when I posted that item is that World War One wrecked, for a time, the reputation of the YMCA.
I learned that from listening to a Pritzer Military History podcast on smoking. I did know that World War One popularized the cigarette, which before the war had been seen as an effeminate foppish thing to smoke. The war changed that massively as cigarette companies gave out vast numbers of cigarettes during the war.
The sold vast number too, and soldiers came to crave them. They weren't issued in a ration, at least at first, and so they had to rely on people with stateside and rear area connections. Enter the YMCA men.
The YMCA, being an organization that supported the Muscular Christianity movement was more or less actually opposed to smoking. But YMCA men, wanting to help the soldiers, bought cigarettes and then resold them to the troops. The resale was necessary but soldiers didn't appreciate that, and felt they were being gouged.
Fedora (although some rubes like to claim that they didn't come in until after World War One, they were around well before it), scarf, starched collar, wool top coat, spats, and cane.
British Canadian organist Richard Tattersall at a meeting of American organists at the College of the City of New York, this day, 1917.
Three boys, one of 13 years old and two of 14, picking shade-grown
tobacco on Hackett farm, Buckland, Connecticut.
We don't think of Connecticut as "tobacco country" anymore, but it, as well as Maryland, once were.
Indeed, they still are, to those in the know. Connecticut Shade Tobacco is used for premium cigar wrappers. It is now, and it was also in 1917.
Teenage labor on "second picking"
It's a quite crop. Those who grow it, and its little changed in how its grown in harvested over the past two centuries, tend to keep it quite. Tobacco growing isn't the "down on the farm" type of crop that engenders a romantic vision.
Twelve year old girl "passing" leaves to stringers, tobacco-shed, Buckland, Connecticut
Of course, we also don't associate child labor, or teenage labor, with tobacco either. But that was also once common.
Child and teenage labor, Tobacco shed, Vernon, Connecticut.
Child and teenage tobacco workers. $1.25 per day. Connecticut.
Child labor, and some teenage. Ages 9 to 15. Connecticut.
Growing the crop hasn't changed much over the past century. But harvesting it through child labor has.
One of the zillions of hair products the female residents of the house bring in here. The manufacturer states the product is "enriched with 100% pure natural hemp seed oil". I personally think they're missing a sure bet by not adopting the vernacular of the young in which the word "dope" has replaced "cool", as then they could say "Hempz. . . it's dope!" Others do not find this suggestion to be amusing, however.
This post was originally going to be posted several Fridays ago. Fridays are the days I try to post farming topics, if I have any (and more often than not, I don't), but I had one there already at the time I was gong to post it. So, in part, I decided not to post this one as it makes no sense to have two on the same day, and this blog has been getting way too many posts recently anyhow. So I delayed. So long, in fact, that "4/20", the big dope celebration, actually came and reminded me that I needed to finish the post.
But maybe its actually more of a law post?
Additionally, however, something I thought might happen did, and given that I didn't want two cannabis related posts back to back. This isn't the Marijuana Pros and Cons Blog. I posted an historical item about the criminalization of marijuana in Colorado in 1917 and, while I hesitated to do so, I put in a bit of an editorial at the end. I figured if a person starts self censoring their own blog, they probably ought not to post the item at all, or maybe just ought not to post at all.
Indeed, while I have (clearly) an opinion on the legalization of marijuana, my opinion is probably a lot more subtle than most people who have an opinion on this topic may be, which is in fact often the case about many of these social/legal issues (although not all of them). As I tend to approach topics like this from (often) a different angle than other folks, my opinion is often derived in a different manner, and this is one such example. When I posted the centennial of Colorado having first criminalized cannabis I knew that I'd get negative feedback, particularly as I posted it to the Reddit's 100 Years Ago Today Subreddit. Indeed, what surprises me is not that I got negative feedback, but that by and large it was so polite and that there was so little of it. That really surprised me.
Indeed, on the Subreddit, the "reddit Karma" awarded for the post was way high, and that really surprised me.
So, as this post also has some editorializing on it, and came to have more, I pulled it as I don't want this topic overemphasized.
So, starting back up, one of the bills that passed the last legislature legalized, sort of, the growing of industrial hemp in Wyoming.
Hemp rope factor in the Philippines. Prior to World War Two the Philippines supplied most of the hemp rope used in the United States.
I say sort of as a state can't really legalize it. It's a controlled substance, illegal to freely grow since 1970, so in actuality the Federal government must authorize it by application. But, under a Federal law that allows for that to be done, under certain defined circumstances, it can be done, providing that the state allows for it, which Wyoming now does. There's more than a little irony to this because, as we learned yesterday in the post about Colorado criminalizing cannabis in 1917, cannabis is still generally illegal in the United States in all its forms, even though individual states are taking their individual laws off the books. A legal requirement that a permit be obtained for industrial hemp tells you about all you'd need to know on that as if the type you plant to make rope is illegal. What's the case is that the Federal government simply isn't enforcing the law in regard to marijuana since some point during the last Presidential administration. That doesn't mean that this current one won't start enforcing it again. People who would dismiss that by saying "oh, you can't go back" probably ought to look at the history of go backs in this general area and on the current Administrations willingness to do things that only late people said "oh, he can't. . . " And both the history of marijuana, alcohol and tobacco certainly demonstrates that public feelings and the law can swing back and forth considerably.
Absinthe anyone?
Anyhow, ironically, industrial hemp growers are required to do what marijuana growers don't do, get permission of the Federal government first. That irony, of course, is supported by the fact that you can get permission to grow industrial hemp, but you can't get it to grow recreational marijuana.
This bill was backed by some agricultural entities and individuals and (perhaps not too surprisingly for a topic involving cannabis) it has an element of delusion to it. The backers tend to argue that its going to spur along agriculture. It can't hurt agriculture, but I doubt it'll result in a real boom fora variety of reasons. Maybe it'll help some individual planters who are willing to jump through the hoops to grow it. Chances are that as it gets rolling other states are much more likely to become centers of hemp growing than we are, but it can't hurt some areas economically either. All in all, anyway a person looks at it, it's not going to become a truly big US agricultural product as long as its basically illegal to grow.
Hemp for Victory, a World War Two era film from when the United States Department of Agriculture encouraged hemp planting after the Japanese occupied the Philippines.
Be that as it may, its undeniable that industrial hemp in general seems to be experiencing a comeback. Heck, cannabis in general is, obviously. Hemp's real use is for rope fiber, although I understand that there are other uses for it. Apparently its one of the zillions of things, along with milk and what not, that's good for your hair. But, shoot, if I was in the grocery store tomorrow and saw bottled rabbit as a hair care product that wouldn't surprise me.
Future hair care label? Hmm. . . .
But I digress.
It's interesting to view the debate on industrial hemp as, like the debate on marijuana, there are those who hold real conspiratorial views on the topic, as in the "big X is keeping it from being grown because they make product Y. With marijuana its "Big Pharma is keeping it from being grown as they don't want competition. . . " Heck, I have no doubt if it were legal at the Federal level Big Tobacco would move in on it if Big Pharma didn't. They're not keeping it illegal. And whatever the similar argument is for hemp its not part of some giant conspiracy.
Why am I skeptical that "big" anything can't step right in, wherever big money is? Because IBM didn't step in to make computers. . . . oh wait. . . .
What it might just be is over caution or error. It became controlled when marijuana was and for the same reasons. There was not a big plot. Indeed, the US wasn't the only nation to take the same path on it. They're all part of the same plant family and they all contain the same substances. It's just that, apparently, the intoxicating substance in industrial hemp is there at a very low level.
Governor Mead allowed this law to pass into effect without his signature, one of two laws that he did that with this past legislative session. As a former US Attorney he may not have wanted to be associated with a bill that is associated, necessarily, by marijuana. I can't blame him. While I think this bill is harmless I don't think marijuana is harmless at all. Now, last time I said something like that I drew the "citations" complaint, and there's some merit to that. It's easy to state something, but if you don't follow it up that's just an unsupported opinion. Of course, I did actually give my reasons based on personal observation, and that is support, but I'll go into more depth here. I also know that other people have other views, and I sure welcome them to state their views (politely, which everyone has so far) in the comments if they choose (on the comments, as I "approve" the comments to keep out the spam I get every day, there's a delay in your comment appearing, sometimes for hours and hours as I don't check this site constantly).
I know that backers of legalizing marijuana in Wyoming are rejoicing a little due to this bill, and I can understand that. The US does seem to be riding the crest of a wave of state repeals on this topic (which doesn't do anything about the Federal provisions, mind you) but a lot of the debate on this is poorly thought out. The arguments all suffer from a lack of data or erroneous data. We've dealt with the "its all a conspiracy" argument already, but the "it's harmless" or "less harmful than tobacco" or "less harmful than alcohol" arguments are poor arguments. That's sort of like saying that a percussion grenade is less harmful than a fragmentation grenade.
Chinese soldier during World War Two armed with a German concussion grenade (wearing a German stahlhelm and carrying a German Standard Model Mauser). Hey, it's not a fragmentation grenade, so its safe, right?
World War Two era fragmentation grenade, only those will kill you, right?
The truth of the matter is that all of those arguments, or at least the overwhelming majority of them, are easily disposed of. Having said that, a lot of this debate strongly recalls the debate on cigarette smoking for those old enough to recall it. Now, everyone knows that tobacco use causes cancer and a host of other problems, but if your memory stretches back to the 1970s you can recall when there were those who adamantly denied that. As marijuana is riding a crest of acceptance, most people like me aren't really going to be listened to really.
Let's start with the topic of health anyhow.
Marijuana has been shown to have brain altering effects on its users. Brain altering. And anyone who has been around heavy or habitual marijuana users can certainly testify that they're not always all right, no matter what they might think. Chronic users over time develop characteristics that, for generations, have gotten them labeled as "pot heads" for a reason. Say what you want about tobacco, but whatever it does, it doesn't do that. We'll address alcohol in terms of comparisons in a moment.
The tweedy image pipe smokers sort of have of themselves. One of the things associated with pipe smoking, which has a lower lung cancer rate than cigarettes, is that pipe smokers tend to have higher than normal rates of lip cancer.
Sticking with tobacco for a moment, we don't know if its long term effects are as bad as tobacco's in other ways, but there's no reason to believe that the respiratory ailments associated with tobacco are any less likely to be associated with marijuana. Humans aren't evolved to take smoke into the lungs or heat on the lips. They aren't. There's no reason to believe that marijuana would somehow be uniquely benign in these regards, as these things are associated simply with smoke and heat, not the substances contained in the smoke.
We just don't really know the answer about cancer, but then we didn't really know about that until over a decade after cigarette smoking replaced cigar and pipe smoking during World War One, by which time it had become so ingrained in society that convincing people of that, including physicians, took decades. So far there's suggestions that it may be associated with lung cancer but there are suggestions it isn't either. We can't say that it is and it might not be. Of course, by the time we really know if it is, it'll be a bit late for those folks, if that occurs.
Yes, that's the brand name. . .from 1912. . . and the truth as well. And yes, this advertisement is exceedingly creepy. A person has to wonder if anyone was inspired to buy this brand of cigarettes by this advertisement.
Which takes us into the situation of comparative substances which is so common in this debate. We've touched on the health impacts of marijuana and inevitably brought up the comparison to tobacco, as that's a common comparison, usually in the form of "its not as bad as". That might be true in terms of health or not. It sort of balances out whether you think a brain altering substance is better than one that causes cancer.
Hmmmm.
They're both addictive, no matter what proponents of marijuana might state. This usually gets into the "its not as additive as" argument, but I don't see a real reason to go there. Neither of them are as additive as meth, for example, which doesn't mean they're free of risks.
Some will claim that marijuana is not as addictive as alcohol. That seems extremely unlikely for reasons of evolutionary biology, but before we go there, let's take on the topic of comparison with alcohol and start there.
Alcohol has a lot of health problems associated with it. They're so well known and accepted today that there's hardly any point in repeating them, but like tobacco or marijuana, the full extent of the problems haven't always been fully acknowledged. Having said that, they're so apparent that they've never really been denied either. All of which makes the claim, such as that made by Sir Richard Bransom, the other day, that in ten or so years marijuana will be as common as wine, well, disturbing.
Health problems associated with alcohol are a major medical problem in our society. No doubt about it.
And behavioral problems associated with alcohol are as well. All kinds of acts of violence, as well as accidents, have alcohol in them as major factors.
I don't really get the comparison proponents of marijuana make with alcohol. Alcohol is legal, yes, but it's far from problem free.
There's no good evidence that marijuana won't be just as problematic as alcohol if widely legal, and there's already been problems with accidents and the like down in Colorado. But that's largely besides the point and fails to demonstrate the opposite point. That suggests not so much that marijuana should be legal as alcohol illegal.
Gasp! Did I just say something about Prohibition. . . but we all know. . .
What? What do we think we know about prohibition?
Temperance poster, 1846.
Well, we know that we already tried that. That's what we know.
The argument on Prohibition always is that it was a failure, but in terms of public health it really wasn't. It was a success. What was a failure was getting people to accept the illegality of a substance that's been consumed by human beings so long (including myself, I'd note) that it appears that we are evolved to be adapted to some degree to alcohol and its consumption is massively ingrained in most human societies (but not all).
Human adaptation to alcohol doesn't appear to have developed due to recreational use, but rather because the water could kill you. Distilled beverages are a much more recent item, and for most of our history as a species drinking a lot of low alcohol beer would probably have gotten you kicked out of the village as a dangerous glutton, much like eating all the bread. Other people are going to need that stuff. But, for most of early human history, alcohol was probably something like flat (carbonation free) Guinness Stout. It's stout alright, as in heavy. It isn't stout because of its alcohol content, however. It's about as "light" as light beer. Bread in a bottle, basically.
Which does not mean, by any means, that it can't damage your health or that there are not piles of social problems of all kinds associated with it. Indeed, both are true in massive degrees. The one thing that's different about alcohol compared to marijuana is that the origin of its consumption, and the extremely long human interaction with it, means that most people do not consume it expressly to become intoxicated. Tobacco, it should be noted, isn't consumed in order to become intoxicated either, but it's different in that it has no health benefits at all.
Now, I haven't mentioned health benefits of anything, but I should, as somebody will. All the health benefits of these substances are somewhat exaggerated, in my view, but they are there, except for tobacco. We'll start with alcohol.
Alcohol, in moderation, has been discovered to have some health benefits, aside from the original one that the process used to derive a drinkable beverage generally meant that you ended up with something less likely to kill you, at least immediately, than the local water. These generally are:
It reduces your risk of developing and dying from heart disease, and that's a good thing.
It might (we don't really know yet) reduce your risk of ischemic stroke.
It might reduce your risk of developing certain types of dementia, apparently (or increase it, if you consume in excess).
It might reduce your risk of diabetes
All of these, it should be noted, apply only if you drink in moderation.
Let's emphasize that again. Only in moderation.
Moderation. Get it?
Not a moderate drinker. No health benefits here.
The key on this is that all of these benefits rapidly diminish if you drink to excess. And what is moderate is not really quite known. The Mayo Clinic defines it as follows:
Moderate alcohol use for healthy adults means up to one drink a day for
women of all ages and men older than age 65, and up to two drinks a day
for men age 65 and younger.
Quite a few people who think they are moderate drinkers actually aren't. If, for example, you're drinking two bottles of Super Duper Heavy Duty Maximum Alcohol IPA, for example, you're exceeding this amount. Or, if you fill two magnum sized glasses of wine to the brim every day. . . not moderate.
I suppose we could put in here the Chesterton Rule:
Drink because you are happy, but never because you are miserable. Never
drink when you are wretched without it, or you will be like the
grey-faced gin-drinker in the slum; but drink when you would be happy
without it, and you will be like the laughing peasant of Italy. Never
drink because you need it, for this is rational drinking, and the way to
death and hell. But drink because you do not need it, for this is
irrational drinking, and the ancient health of the world.
By the way, it's probably just me, but I'm always surprised by the inclusion of "distilled spirits" in this list, for a reason I'll note below, but probably as I just don't like most of them. But I'll slip in here Belloc's Rule:
I made up this rule for him to distinguish between
Bacchus and the Devil. To wit: that he should never drink what has been
made and sold since the Reformation—I mean especially spirits and
champagne. Let him (said I) drink red wine and white, good beer and
mead—if he could get it—liqueurs made by monks, and, in a word, all
those feeding, fortifying, and confirming beverages that our fathers
drank in old time; but not whisky, nor brandy, nor sparkling wines, not
absinthe, nor the kind of drink called gin.
This he promised to do, and all went well. He became a merry companion, and began to write odes.
Anyhow, there are real health benefits to alcohol, but there are really large detriments as well. It doesn't surprise me, I should note, that there are benefits, due to the very long human association with the substances, even though those have not overcome the detriments. Evolutionary biology at work, I suspect.
And, before I move on, I'd note that both Chesterton and Belloc have some real worlds of wisdom in their approach to drinking. I've known a couple of people who would have drinks of hard alcohol every day to "take the edge off". In other words, they were numbing themselves down due to high stress occupations. That will reoccur below, but if you need to "take the edge off" every day, you need to dull the edge that's cutting you some other way. And if you have a psychological dependency of alcohol, as opposed to a physical one, that's not good either. A good thing to give up for Lent.
Let's turn to tobacco. Health benefits? Get real.
There actually, oddly enough, are some, but they are so outweighed by the negatives that claiming any health benefits from tobacco is an exercise in stupidity, quite frankly. Having noted that, tobacco consumption is associated with a decreased risk of Parkinson's Disease, Ulcerative colitis and a few other things. And it "calms the nerves", which is a frequent thing cited to by people who smoke, including people who give it up and take it back up yo-yo fashion. But the risk associated with it greatly outweigh any benefits. People who compare marijuana to tobacco ought to keep that in mind.
On smoking, one thing I would note is that the delivery system of cigarettes has really boosted lung cancer. Any smoking, any, is dangerous but cigarettes, which first became truly common during World War One, are the worst. Cigar smokers and pipe smokers have lower incidents of lung cancer, which doesn't mean they don't have cancer. And of course those who chew tobacco has scary incidents of oral cancer.
Well, then, what about the oft cited health "benefits" of marijuana. Do they outweigh, for example, messing up your brain morphology?
Man, they'd have to be pretty massive benefits in order to do that, but what is claimed?
Well here they are:
It can be used to treat glaucoma. Keep in mind that tobacco can help prevent Parkinson's, however, and unless you actually have glaucoma, it does nothing. I.e, it doesn't prevent it.
At least according to one study (so this is a might) it might reverse the carcinogenic impact of tobacco use. Might. It does seem to prevent some forms of cancer from spreading.
It can help control epileptic seizures.
It decreases the severe symptoms of Downs Syndrome. This one actually doesn't surprise me.
It decreases anxiety, which is a self evident "benefit" and often the most cited.
THC, the chemical in marijuana that produces its effects, slows the progress of Alzheimers, maybe. Or maybe not.
It eases pain. Again, a self evident one here.
It lessens the impacts of some sorts of treatments for other diseases, as in some forms of cancer treatments and treatment for Hepitis C.
It might have the impact of helping people who have brain related ailments or injuries. Alzheimer's is addressed above but it might also help with strokes, to prevent their reoccurance, and concussions.
So there pretty clearly are some benefits.
Do they outweigh the risks?
Well, that's where you get into "medical marijuana". Medical marijuana may in fact be a real thing, but it only is if you have one of the conditions mentioned above.
Indeed, while marijuana may be useful in the circumstances mentioned above (and some of those are just "mays", most of those are things you "have". Lots of drugs are useful if you have something, but are destructive if you don't. Prescription drug abuse, I'd note, is a huge problem in the US even though all the drugs that are so abused have legitimate uses. I'd also note that alcohol, while we rarely think of it that way, has its own medicinal uses although in modern times that's mostly limited by being used to "suspend" some other drug in a solution. Even tobacco was once thought to have medicinal uses, although I'll forgo listing them given as Americans have a terrible anti-scientific streak that causes them to tend to take up poorly supported folk medicines and I don't want to inspire that in any fashion.
But I'll concede there are some.
One of the features, I'd note, of quite a few of these is that THC messes with your brain chemistry and morphology. While that may be a good thing for some of these things, it's also the essence of the drug and what makes it popular really. And its what makes it so dangerous. And its what makes it distinctly different from alcohol and tobacco. They have an impact on you in regards to your thinking, but you don't consume them to become intoxicated. Marijuana is consumed, by recreational users, which is most of them, for that reason alone.
And that's massively different.
You can sit in a bar and drink a couple of beers and not be intoxicated. If they are low alcohol beers, now called "session beers", like the British used to in particular favor, there won't be much of an impact at all as they are so low alcohol. Beers like Guinness Stout (yes, I know its Irish, not English) are so low alcohol that they're in the light beer category that way, basically. And alcohol can be consumed safely with dinner and meals, as it always has been. That doesn't mean it can't be abused, but it is different.
And tobacco, no matter how bad it is for you, and it is, generally never is consumed to the intoxication level and if it is, you'll end up in the hospital.
Marijuana, however, and this is the reason I think most thinking people who oppose it oppose it, is consumed for the very purpose of intoxication and pretty much solely for that purpose. That makes it, I suppose, like hard alcohol for people "on a drunk". No matter what they may say about it; (I'm taking the edge off . . . I'm just needing to relax), getting high is the only point.
That provides the moral objection to it. It also probably provides the moral objection of past eras to alcohol, but the cited one is so confused that rarely come through.
To define the moral objection to it, those who take a serious and thoughtful moral view opposed to marijuana and other drugs state that it's morally wrong to take a substance whose only goal and primary effect it to deprive you of your ability to make rational conscious decisions. That is, if it impairs your thinking, it's wrong.
Marijuana backers would note right away that this bring up the topic of alcohol, and it indeed does. Here, however, the difference is that alcohol can impair your thinking. Marijuana does impair your thinking.
Some might argue that's engaging in sophistry, but it isn't. The fact of the matter is that there are millions of people who drink alcohol every day and whom are not getting drunk and do not want to get drunk. Indeed there a large number of people in the world who have beer or wine every day at a level where they never get drunk and do not want to get drunk. And to finish that thought, while hard alcohols such as whiskeys really do fit into a different category, because their distillation is aimed at boosting the alcohol in the drink, there are those who have a drink every day in that category but limit it to an amount that will not impair them. Indeed, I once knew a man who had been a teetotaler who took up having a mixed drink every day, just one, because he was convinced of hte health benefits of it.
Early 20th Century advertisement for Wiedemann's beer. Weidemann's is a brewer that's still in existence in Newport Kentucky. Their ad pitched to a ugy who just wanted a can of beer, and that appears to be about it. Hmmm. . . heavy mustache. . . cowboy hat. . can of beer. . . greying stubble, is that me?
Indeed the point here is that most consumption of alcohol lis not aimed at getting drunk in most places. In some "drinking cultures" there's been real horror in recent years as campaigns to reduce the old style pub drinking of low alcohol beer has seemingly y8ielded to the law of unintended consequences and produced American college style binge drinking. I.e., countries like the United Kingdom would have been better off if they'd just left things as they were, as guys and gals sitting down to a pint of stout didn't amount ot much, where as the development of younger people sitting down to higher alcohol content (usually German) beer does, in all sorts of ways.
The Ale House Door, circa 1790. Not exactly the same as the dispensaries in Denver in terms of image. Probably not universally accurate even in 1790, however.
None of this means, of course, that a person can't get drunk from alcohol and that fact creates enormous public problems and boatloads of private ones. And that's what inspired the temperance movement of the 19th and early 20th Centuries.
Here's where this debate tends to go off the rails, unfortunately.
As should be evident from the numerous newspapers I put up over the past year support for prohibition was widespread, but it didn't just pop up overnight. It was not as if the nation suddenly turned against alcohol in 1919 and banned it. Far from it.
In fact the movement had been long building, and had been around at least since the middle of the 19th Century. At least in the United States much of its origin was in reaction to alcohol being largely unregulated at that time. Put simply, massive over drinking was a huge societal problem as were all the attendant social and medical problems that caused. This is what built support for the movement and what made it successful in the long run.
Not too surprisingly, however, it acquired in some quarter, but only in some, a religious aspect to it. Now, alcohol is certainly not prohibited by the Christian faith traditionally by any means. Indeed, the drinking of wine is frequently mentioned in the Bible and even though some later Protestant denominations have tried to maintain otherwise, wine was clearly present at The Last Supper (indeed, if it was the Passover meal, which is not certain, it had to be present).
The fact that the association with religion and temperance came about, however, was unfortunate as it continues to cloud the topic today. Many Americans, rather than having a view of temperance backers of the era that reminds them of today's "Truth" ads going after the smoking industry are instead reminded of something like the scene that appears early in The Wild Bunch in which the temperance marchers are marching to Shall We Gather At The River. Its an inaccurate view as it was hardly the case that Prohibition was brought about by a minority of the Protestant community and foisted on an unwilling nation.
It's also unfortunate as that helped fuel the very early ethnic divide over Prohibition that would go on to be a big problem.
Prohibition came on in its final push as Progressivim met World War One. And the Progressive movement, although not remembered that way today, was highly nationalistic. A person need only look at the speeches of Theodore Roosevelt, and the legislation of Woodrow Wilson, to see that. Already highly nationalistic, when the war came it turned that nationalism on suspect immigrant and ghetto classes, most of which were Catholic and oddly enough some of which had a sort of drinking culture.
Two of those classes were Germans and the Irish. The Irish managed to whether the storm really well, but the impact of anti German feeling, which was considerable higher than the post 1916 suspicion about the Irish, permanently diluted the German culture in the United States to the point that its a former shadow of itself. At any rate, those two cultures had a strong association with beer, as did some Eastern European cultures, and the Italians, who had come into the country in considerable numbers before World War One had a strong association with wine.
This fact, combined with a strong southern support for Prohibition, and the infusion of a minority Protestant view on the consumption of alcohol itself, inserted itself into the debate on Prohibition and in particular on its repeal. This manifested itself in strange ways, with the Klu Klux Klan, for example, being strongly in favor of Prohibition, viewing alcohol as a vice of a Catholic population it didn't like.
KKK cartoon emphasizing its support for Prohibition.
This has carried on to the current debate on marijuana with some seeing it in the same terms that the cartoonized debate on Prohibition is inaccurately remembered to be.
It might further be worth noting, in the end, that Prohibition was actually a public health success. The very things that brought it about were in fact partially addressed. While alcohol problems in society remain, to be sure, they were greatly reduced by Prohibition. When alcohol came back in, it came back in with a great deal more regulation and control than it originally had as well.
The real lesson on Prohibition is that while people recognized the validity of the health and social arguments it raised they never really accepted that a substance that had been consumed since vast antiquity was really as bad as all that. This gave rise to a thriving illegal market and in the end that illegal activity was seen as so severe that it was regarded as worse than the problems associated with alcohol. But the important thing there is that alcohol had been consumed, to some degree, by the majority of adults in the Western world for thousands of years and was part of some cultures in a social fashion. It will take something like 100,000 years or more to take us to the same point with marijuana, so the entire alcohol example really doesn't provide any sort of logical argument in favor of marijuana.
At any rate, all of these substances, it should be noted, in addition to their health benefits, if any, and their detriments, which are very real, are addictive. And its generally not a good thing to be addicted to anything, really.
Lots of stuff, of course, can be physically or psychologically addictive.
All of which takes us to a curious question. What are all these intoxicants for?
Really, some are saying, eyes rolling.
Yes, seriously.
Before legalizing an additional intoxicant it might be a good idea to ask why we feel the need to numb ourselves so much. Going back in history you can find some examples of why whole societies took this approach, often accidentally. Medieval Italian poor consumed poppy seed bread as their lives were so bad and their food situation was so poor that being semi stoned a lot of the time was a life aid to them. Central American highlanders consume coca leaves as their high altitude lives would make it nearly intolerable to simply exist if they were semi medicated. Russians have historically drank vast quantities of vodka simply because their daily lives have been fairly horrific.
So do we have something like that going on here? If not, why are we encouraging yet another intoxicant?
And none of which really pertain to the industrial hemp, for which there's really no bad reason for it to be legal and for which there was probably no really good reason for it to be illegal.
Oh well. The trend is what it is. And now farmers can apply to comply with the regulations to grow hemp in the state, if they so choose. And if there's a plus side to this, and perhaps hemp rope and other hemp stuff is useful over its competitors, it might be that hemp bailing twine, used widely in Australia, can be consumed by cattle, rather than the orange synthetic stuff used here.
