Monday, June 26, 2000

Tuesday, June 26, 1900. Prejudice and Equality.

Czar Nicholas issued an Imperial ukase replacing Finnish with Russian as the official language to be phased in over five years in the then Russian territory of Finland.

Keisari Nikolai julkaisi keisarillisen ukaasin, jolla suomi korvattiin virallisella kielellä venäjällä, ja se otetaan käyttöön asteittain viiden vuoden aikana silloisella Venäjän alueella.

Resolution No. 585 went into effect in Indian requiring that "except in a purely English office", no person would be appointed to a government job "unless he knows both Hindi and Urdu" and that incumbent officials would have one year to learn both languages, which wouldn't have been easy.

संकल्प संख्या 585 भारतीय भाषा में लागू हुआ, जिसमें कहा गया कि "विशुद्ध रूप से अंग्रेजी कार्यालय को छोड़कर", किसी भी व्यक्ति को सरकारी नौकरी पर नियुक्त नहीं किया जाएगा "जब तक कि वह हिंदी और उर्दू दोनों नहीं जानता" और मौजूदा अधिकारियों के पास दोनों भाषाओं को सीखने के लिए एक वर्ष का समय होगा, जो आसान नहीं होता।

قرارداد نمبر 585 ہندوستانی میں نافذ ہوا جس میں کہا گیا تھا کہ "خالص طور پر انگریزی دفتر کے علاوہ"، کسی بھی شخص کو سرکاری ملازمت پر تعینات نہیں کیا جائے گا "جب تک کہ وہ ہندی اور اردو دونوں نہ جانتا ہو" اور یہ کہ موجودہ عہدیداروں کے پاس دونوں زبانیں سیکھنے کے لیے ایک سال کا وقت ہوگا، جو آسان نہیں ہوتا۔


Last edition:

Sunday, June 24, 1900. Assaults on Christians.

Saturday, June 24, 2000

Sunday, June 24, 1900. Assaults on Christians.

Boxer rebels attacked the Wangla village in the Hebei province of China, and burnt down its Catholic church and killed all the Catholics save for four orphan girls.  The girls Lucy Wan Cheng (18), Mary Fan Kun (16), Mary Chi Yu (15) and Mary Zheng Xu (11) refused to recant their faith and were murdered, becoming part of the 85 Martyr Saints of China.

At night Boxer rebels with burning torches appeared in all parts of Beijing, attacking Christian dwellings, seizing unfortunate Christians torturing them.  Orthodox Christians were taken outside the city gates to the pagans' idols, interrogated and burnt on fires.

The killers were frequently astonished by the Christians refusal to recant.

Last edition:

Saturday, June 23, 1900. Rescued Hoover.


Friday, June 23, 2000

Saturday, June 23, 1900. Rescued Hoover.

Foreigners at Tianjin were rescued by invading Western armies.  Included in those who were saved was 26 year old Herbert Hoover.

Chinese troops set fire to the Hanlin Academy in Beijing, but its important library was not affected.

The worst rail disaster in Georgia's history occurred when the Southern Railway’s No. 7 train came across a washed-out bridge at the Camp Creek trestle, just south of Atlanta and plummeted xisty feet into a flooded creek and burst into flames.  Thirty-five of the forty-five people on board were killed.

Old Number 7 Train Wreck: Information Gathered 1998 From 1900 Train Wreck: "The last accident at Camp Creek on June 22 , 1900." The railroad bridge over Camp Creek washed out as the train was crossing. T...

Last edition:

Thursday, June 21, 1900. McKinley and Roosevelt nominated, China declares war.

Wednesday, June 21, 2000

Thursday, June 21, 1900. McKinley and Roosevelt nominated, China declares war.

William McKinley and New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt were unanimously nominated for president and vice-president on the Republican ticket.

China declared war on the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan.

Major General Arthur MacArthur, commander of U.S. forces in the Philippines and Civil War hero, offered amnesty for 90 days to Filipino guerillas.

Last edition:

Wednesday, June 20, 1900. Siege of Peking.

Tuesday, June 20, 2000

Wednesday, June 20, 1900. Siege of Peking.

Baron Clemens von Ketteler, the German ambassador to China, was killed by Boxer En Hai as he and an aide went to the Chinese Foreign Ministry without their guards.

Chinese troops began a siege of the Peking Legation Quarter at 4:00 p.m., which was the evacuation deadline.  Behind the quarter's walls were 900 foreigners, 523 defenders and 3,000 Chinese Christians.

Last edition:

Tuesday, June 19, 1900. China asks legations to leave.


Saturday, June 17, 2000

Sunday, June 17, 1900. Invading China, drafting Roosevelt.

Ships from the Eight-Nation Alliance consisting of  Germany, Japan, Russia, Britain, France, the United States, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.started a bombardment of the Taku Forts in China and began an invasion.


There was no declaration of war by this US, making the action arguably illegal, although the point can be debated.

China was, of course, an incredibly weak nation and the mercy of European powers, something that its never forgotten.

At the Republican Convention a movement started to draft Theodore Roosevelt for Vice President.

Last edition:

Friday, June 15, 1900. No Boxers.

Wednesday, June 14, 2000

Thursday, June 14, 1900. The end of the Republic of Hawaii.


The "Act to Provide a Government for the Territory of Hawaii" took effect formally ending Hawaiian sovereignty.

I may have had relatives living on Oahu at the time.

German embassy guards fired on Boxer rebels outside the legation quarter, killing twenty and sparking mass crowd reaction.

The first Bennett Cup auto race was run.

Last edition:

Wednesday, June 13, 1900. Reacting violently.

Tuesday, June 13, 2000

Wednesday, June 13, 1900. Reacting violently.

Western diplomatic missions began violent reactions to Chinese Boxers on this day, starting with the German legation.

Violence started spreading against Chinese Christians. 

Last edition:

Monday, June 11, 1900. Chinese troops murder a Japanese diplomat.

Sunday, June 11, 2000

Monday, June 11, 1900. Chinese troops murder a Japanese diplomat.

Japanese diplomat Sugiyama Akira was murdered by Imperial Chinese soldiers who dragged Akira from his carriage and hacked him to bits, then displayed his severed head at the railway station in Beijing.

Last edition:  

Sunday, June 10, 1900. Leaving for Beijing.

Saturday, June 10, 2000

Sunday, June 10, 1900. Leaving for Beijing.

A multinational force departed Tianjin for Beijing to protect the citizens of their respective countries but only made it to Langfang before they had to detrain because of rail destruction. The troops would have to march the rest of the way.

Last edition:

Friday, June 8, 1900. Boxers attack the racetrack.

Thursday, June 8, 2000

Friday, June 8, 1900. Boxers attack the racetrack.

Boxers burned the grandstand of the horse racing track at the country club for western diplomats in Beijing.  It unfortunately turned lethal when British horsemen at the track rode out to investigate and one drew a pistol and killed a Boxer, causing the Chinse government to surround the foreigners at the Peking Legation Quarter.

The War Department authorized the production of telescopic sights for rifles.  The rifle at the time was the Krag–Jørgensen rifle, which had proven unsatisfactory in comparison to the M93 Mauser used by Spain in the Spanish American War.

The sight consists of a telescope which is attached by means of brackets to the left side of the rifle. The front bracket is secured to the lower band by two screws, and the ring through which the telescope passes has a horizontal motion to provide for drift and windage. A ball-and-socket joint in this ring allows the telescope to be moved in any direction … The rear bracket is screwed to the side plate of the receiver, and the ring which holds the telescope has a vertical movement for changes of elevation.

Telescopes of three different powers are submitted for trial, viz. 8 diameters, 12 diameters, and 20 diameters. The medium power (12 diameters) gave the best results.

The telescope is of practically universal focus; that is, it does not require readjustment for different marksmen or for different ranges. The eye can be placed close to the eyepiece or several inches away without any apparent difference in the focus. Danger of being struck in the eye when the piece recoils can therefore be avoided.

The lenses are large and are held in place by having the metal of the tubes in which they are mounted spun over their outer edges. The telescope is light, but at the same time strong. The brackets for attaching the telescope to the rifle are strong and durable and there appears to be no tendency to jar loose.

The sight was tested by actual firings up to a range of 2,000 yards, each member of the board participating in the firings. As a result of this test, the board is of the opinion that the use of this telescopic sight appears to be of especial value in hazy or foggy weather and at long ranges. In either case the target can be seen with remarkable clearness, and the marksman can be absolutely sure that he is aiming at the proper object. This would be of especial importance to sharpshooters acting independently.

The ordinary sight is useful for accurate firing at a regular target up to about 2,000 yards; but it is impossible to see a man or even a small body of men clearly at that range unless projected against the sky or under other very favorable conditions. It is for this reason that volley firing is so largely resorted to at long ranges.

With a telescopic sight a man could be distinguished easily at 2,000 yards, even with an unfavorable background.

The board is of the opinion that this sight is suitable for use in the U.S. service, and recommends a number of them be purchased for trial by troops in the field. If found to be satisfactory, a sufficient number should be purchased to supply such a number of the sharpshooters of each organization as experience in the field shall indicate to be desirable.

Only seven scoped Krags were produced. Work was already commencing on a replacement for the Krag which would soon produce the M1903 Springfield, a rifle much more suitable for a scope, but which was not equipped with one for sniping purposes until World War One.

Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, June 8, 1900.

Last edition:

Thursday, June 7, 1900. Carrie Nation's first act.

Wednesday, June 7, 2000

Tuesday, June 6, 2000

Wednesday, June 6, 1900. A busy day in Washington.

President William McKinley signed into law the federal charter for the American Red Cross.

Congress  enacted a civil and judicial code for Alaska, set the capital at Juneau and created a territorial government.  It also approved the 1892 Agreement with the Comanche, Kiowa and Apache and funded the reinterment of 267 Southern soldiers from Northern grounds to a special section of the Arlington National Cemetery.

A lion dragged the Superintendent of Police in British East Africa out of a rail car while he was sleeping, killed him, and ate him.

Last edition:

Monday, June 4, 1900. Battle of Makahambus Hill.

Sunday, June 4, 2000

Monday, June 4, 1900. Battle of Makahambus Hill.

A U.S. on the Filipino occupied fort at Makahambus Hill resulted in an American defeat.

A small unit action by most standards, the skirmish is regarded as the first Filipino victory of the Philippine Insurrection.

Last edition:

Friday, June 1, 1900. Pretoria surrendered to the British.

Wednesday, May 31, 2000

Thursday, May 31, 1900. Marching into Beijing.

337 Western troops from the US, Italy, Japan and Russia arrived in Beijing. The entry was not opposed, but not welcome.

The governing body of the Free Church of Scotland voted 592 to 29, to unite with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland creating the United Free Church of Scotland.

Last edition:

Sunday, May 27, 1900. The Vietnamese Martyrs.

Sunday, May 28, 2000

Monday, May 28, 1900. Annexing the Orange Free State.

The British Empire annexed the Orange Free State.

A total eclipse of the sun darkened a path that ran through Mexico and the southeastern United States and on to Spain.

Last edition:

Sunday, May 27, 1900. The Vietnamese Martyrs.

Saturday, May 27, 2000

Sunday, May 27, 1900. The Vietnamese Martyrs.

Pope Leo XIII beatified sixty-four Vietnamese Martyrs. The Vietnamese Martyrs, including 53 additional individuals later beatified, were canonized on June 19, 1988.

Last edition:

Saturday, May 26, 1900. Battle of Palonegro.

Friday, May 26, 2000