Showing posts with label Teenagers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Teenagers. Show all posts

Saturday, January 28, 2023

Cliffnotes of the Zeitgeist. XLIII. Doomsday? Me'h.

The doomsday clock gets a big yawn.

The Bulletin of Atomic Scientist moved the hands on their doomsday clock from 100 seconds to midnight to 90s seconds.

The globe yawned.

The doomsday clock dates back to 1947, when the bulletin, not without good reason, began to worry, originally, that the United States and the Soviet Union were going to blow the world to smithereens with atomic weapons.  Originally, in 47, when the US had most of the globe's atomic weapons, it was put at seven minutes to midnight, i.e., complete oblivion.


Since that time, it's been set up and down, with the end of the Cold War setting it way back.

It's still mostly based on the threat of nuclear war, but at some point they began to include other threats, such as climate change.  

This year they moved the hands up to 90 seconds, mostly based on the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, which poses next to no threat of going nuclear whatsoever.Other factors are in there, but that was the biggie.

M'eh.

When I was a kid in the 70s, when the hand was much further back on the clock, this was terrifying and people took it fairly seriously. They no longer do, and with good reason.  We were probably closest to a real nuclear exchange in the 1950s, when the hand was moved up, and throughout the 1960s.  The closest we ever came to a nuclear war was during the Cuban missile crisis, when a Soviet submarine commander and an underling got into an argument about launching their nuclear torpedoes and then violated protocol by surfacing and asking for instructions.  Had they followed their standing orders, they would have nuked local vessels of the U.S. Navy.

Indeed, while we're no fans of the Soviet military, at least three times during the Cold War the Soviets held off on nuclear launches in spite of having reasonable beliefs that war was about to commences. That's really to their credit.

I don't mean to make light of our current problems, but the problem with this is that a lot of things have actually improved since 1947, and being this close to oblivion again and again isn't really credible, and nobody is listening to this anymore.  Indeed, the best reaction was that of the Babylon Bee which had a headline that millions had died as they inadvertently set their clocks ahead to daylight savings time.

The Bulletin may want to reconsider how they approach this.

Speaking of things hard to take seriously:

Carlson insults Canadians specifically and everyone else's intelligence.

Tucker Carlson: “We're spending all this money to liberate Ukraine from the Russians, why are we not sending an armed force north to liberate Canada from Trudeau? And, I mean it.”

I don'tat know how much Carlson actually means in regard to anything he says.  He's basically a populist circus clown.

But why do people watch him?

Speaking of clowns

Donald Trump, as we reported in our running thread on wars, claims he could end the war in Ukraine in 24 hours, which the Russians then endorsed.

I continue to fall into that category of observer who keeps wondering what it is about Trump and Putin. There's something there, but what?

Putin, no matter what else a person might say about him, is extremely intelligent.  Trump?  Some have claimed that, but the evidence isn't there. Given his age, it's impossible not to wonder about mental decline.  He may in fact have been a brilliant man at one time, although I'm not saying he was, and have descended into minor imbecility at this point. It's interesting that the same class that routinely accuses Biden of this doesn't see that in Trump.

Yale historian Timothy Snyder, the author of Bloodlands, which I am presently reading, is convinced that something is there.  I'll note that while I'm reading Bloodlands and impressed with it, I don't know that I'm convinced by what seems to be his central thesis, so I'm not claiming to be a Snyder fan.  Snyder has drawn criticism as he's gone from historian to commentator, but then that's common as well.  I can't help but note that it'd be interesting to get Snyder and Victor David Hanson in the same room, as their views on Trump are so different.

Snyder just published an item on his blog that starts off with this:
We are on the edge of a spy scandal with major implications for how we understand the Trump administration, our national security, and ourselves.

On 23 January, we learned that a former FBI special agent, Charles McGonigal, was arrested on charges involving taking money to serve foreign interests.  One accusation is that in 2017 he took $225,000 from a foreign actor while in charge of counterintelligence at the FBI's New York office.  Another charge is that McGonigal took money from Oleg Deripaska, a sanctioned Russian oligarch, after McGonigal’s 2018 retirement from the FBI.  Deripaska, a hugely wealthy metals tycoon close to the Kremlin, "Putin's favorite industrialist," was a figure in a Russian influence operation that McGonigal had investigated in 2016.  Deripaska has been under American sanctions since 2018.  Deripaska is also the former employer, and the creditor, of Trump's 2016 campaign manager, Paul Manafort.

That's interesting, but it doesn't prove anything, maybe. 

But it also might support the thesis that Trump is closer to the Russian orbit, probably due to weaknesses in his character, than his fans are willing to concede in any fashion.

What we should all concede is this.  Trump's 2016 campaign really was supported by the Russians.  No, they weren't giving him cash, but they were doing what they could, and effectively, to get him elected.

At the time the claim, for those who care to remember that it was widely known it was occurring, was that they simply wanted to undermine faith in democracy.  If that was the goal, they were enormously successful at it.  Some have claimed, however, that they feared having Hilary Clinton in office and preferred a Boofador as President.

Others, however, have asserted they wanted their man in the Oval Office.  And it's certainly possible.  Trump had long connections with Russia.  Maybe they had something on him.  Or maybe they'd just played to his vanities so as to make him an unwitting asset.

There's certainly a Russian history for both.  The Soviets were enormously successful in recruiting Western agents to their cause in all sorts of ways. Some people became spies or unwitting spies simply due to their intellectual allegiance, but others through being trapped in honey pots, or through being members of isolated disliked groups, such as well-educated British homosexual intellectuals.  Trump can't be accused of being an intellectual, but he certainly has his personal faults.

One of them is narcissism, and that's a trait that just doesn't suddenly develop, but which can be facilitated and groomed.  I suspect that might be it.  Narcissist tend to love their loyal fans or sycophants, and Putin might fit into that category for strategic purposes.

They certainly act like it.  As soon as Trump said he could end the war in 24 hours, they endorsed that absurdity.

But what about guys like Tucker Carlson.

This is all simply too weird not to raise questions.

The Pope says things that aren't really new, and aren't really shocking.

For years and years, one of the favorite things for the Press to do is to misreport Papal news.  Nearly anything the Pope says is shocking to the press.

By the same token, nearly everything he says is misinterpreted by Protestants, who don't grasp what the Pope's actual role is, and any more by Catholics who are looking for a reason to be mad.

The AP just interviewed Pope Francis, and he said a bunch of things that were to be expected and frankly aren't, in some instances, even all that interesting.

One is that he said homosexuality shouldn't be illegal, but homosexual conduct is sinful.

This isn't news.  This isn't even new.  More specifically, he stated:

Being homosexual is not a crime. It's not a crime. Yes, it's a sin. Well, yes, but let's make the distinction first between sin and crime

Frankly, even that is more conservative than the regular Catholic thought on this.  Most thoughtful Catholics would say that being a homosexual isn't sinful at all, but engaging in sex outside of marriage, and marriage can only occur between a man and a woman, is sinful.

Lots of stuff work like this.  For Catholics, divorce and remarriage is sinful, but nobody proposes to criminalize it. Sex outside of marriage is sinful, but Catholics aren't proposing to re-criminalize it.  You get the point. 

The Pope also lamented on the resort to firearms for self-protection, going beyond that and becoming habitual with people. Frankly, that is a real risk and we see it going on here.  It used to be the case in Wyoming that you had the common law defenses on the use of force, but then the legislature saw fit to codify it, and now its expanded to the point where if I declare myself threatened while car camping I can gun somebody down.  The current state legislature has a bunch of bills right now that would pretty much make Tom Horn thing we'd gone nuts in this area.

Pope Francis lamented that the use of guns by civilians to defend themselves is becoming a “habit.”

What the Pope actually said was:

I say when you have to defend yourself, all that’s left is to have the elements to defend yourself. Another thing is how that need to defend oneself lengthens, lengthens, and becomes a habit. Instead of making the effort to help us live, we make the effort to help us kill.

Based on the current state of the law and legislature, I'd have to say that's right. 

Bristol Palin's self mutilation

Bristol Palin has been on Twitter complaining about the after effects of her self mutilation.  She stated:

Sharing wayyyyy tmi right now, but had my 9th breast reconstruction surgery last night – yes, NINTH all stemming from a botched breast reduction I had when I was 19 y/o,I’ve had previous surgeries trying to correct that initial damage of muscle tissue and terrible scaring. The whole situation has honestly made me very self-conscious my entire adult life. Praying that this is the last surgery needed.

Well, the first ones weren't needed.

I know very little about Bristol Palin other than that she's Sarah Palin's daughter and was in the news for a while for having a child while an underage (17) teen.  She later married the father and they later divorced.  I really don't particularly care about any of that.

At any rate, we now know that she had breast reduction surgery when she was 19.

Breast reduction surgery is the one breast related plastic surgery not involving cancer or injury that can make sense, as some women are so large in this area its painful.  Maybe that was the case here.  I don't recall her appearance that well, as I'm not a Palin fan, but I don't recall people routinely stating that she was gigantic.  At any rate, the real cautionary tale here is just leave the mammaries alone unless there's a real medical necessity to do something.

That, moreover, goes for anything.  Don't remove them for sport or transitory belief of "transitioning", and don't enhance them because you think they are too small.  These things are the size they're supposed to be.  Leave them alone.

Youthful mistakes

You'll note that I'm not criticizing Palin for her youthful motherhood, although that certainly isn't an ideal start in life.  Teenage pregnancy followed by teenage breast reduction shows a whole string of bad decisions at work.

I note that as the Democrats in Congress have proposed a bill to reduce the voting age to 16.

We all know that's going nowhere, but as recent science has confirmed what the founders of the republic originally thought, that you really ought not to be making adult decisions until your early 20s, this is not only an idea whose time hasn't come.  It's one whose time shouldn't come.

Sunday, January 22, 2023

Missing.

Twenty eight South Dakotans, many of them teens, and many of them Native Americans, have gone missing since January 1, 2023.

They are, with their dates of disappearance:

Missing since Jan. 17, 2023

• Jake Moore, 13, reported missing by Rapid City Police Department

• Angelo Jones, 15, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

• Kylie Mesteth, 16, reported missing by Rapid City Police Department

Missing since Jan. 16, 2023

• Emma Huska, 16, reported missing by Rapid City Police Department

• Luta Arapahoe, 14, reported missing by Rapid City Police Department

Missing since Jan. 15, 2023

• Ricki Becker, 29, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

Missing since Jan. 14, 2023

• Delbert Bad Milk, 15, reported missing by Rapid City Police Department

• Anthony Bad Milk, 13, reported missing by Rapid City Police Department

• Kateri Two Elk, 37, reported missing by Box Elder Police Department

Missing since Jan. 13, 2023

• Maria Valladares, 17, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

• Janae Mitchell, 15, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

• Brooklyn Ford, 9, reported missing by Clark County Sheriff’s Office

Missing since Jan. 12, 2023

• Ethan Stewart 26, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

• Matthew Harmon, 45, reported missing by Aberdeen Police Department

• Janiya Farmer, 17, reported missing by Sisseton Whapeton Oyate Tribal Police Department

Missing since Jan. 11, 2023

• Felicia Dreaming Bear, 33, reported missing by Rapid City Police Department

• Isabelle White Calf, 16, reported missing by Box Elder Police Department

Missing since Jan. 10, 2023

• Diego Perez, 17, reported missing by Pennington County Sheriff’s Office

Missing since Jan. 8, 2023

• Ezra Decker, 16, reported missing by Kingsbury County Sheriff’s Office

Missing since Jan. 7, 2023

• Honorae Little Bear, 16, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

Missing since Jan. 6, 2023

• Nevin Huapapi, 15, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

• Liyah Adams, 15, reported missing by Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux Tribal Police Department

Missing since Jan. 5, 2023

• Ray Pena, 16, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

Missing since Jan. 4, 2023

• Mercedes Johnson, 17, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

Missing since Jan. 3, 2023

• Prairie Crowe, 16, reported missing by Pennington County Sheriff’s Office

Missing since Jan. 1, 2023

• Electra Wright, 17, reported missing by Butte County Sheriff’s Office

• Kelly Tiah, 16, reported missing by Sioux Falls Police Department

• Bobbie Miller, 23, reported missing by Pennington County Sheriff’s Office

Numbers to call for folks with information.

Rapid City Police Department: 605-394-4131

Sioux Falls Police Department: 605-367-7000

Box Elder Police Department: 605-394-4131

Clark County Sheriff’s Office: 605-532-3822

Aberdeen Police Department: 605-626-7000

Sisseton Whapeton Oyate Tribal PD: 605-698-7661

Pennington County Sheriff’s Office: 605-394-4131

Kingsbury County Sheriff’s Office: 605-854-3339

Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux Tribal PD: 605-867-5111

Butte County Sheriff’s Office: 605-892-3324

Wednesday, December 14, 2022

"Government Housewives". Sewing, sewing and seamstresses.

American soldier in Cuba in 1898 doing a sewing repair.

We posted this the other day:

Lex Anteinternet: Sunday, December 10, 1922. War Surplus.Rather, I posted it for this big war surplus store advertisement on page 2.  This is the earliest example of this I've seen.

Surplus stores were a feature of my childhood and even young adult years in a major way.  The "War Surplus Store" on 1st Street, on the Sandbar, was a somewhat disorganized collection of stuff guaranteed to fascinate a boy for as long as the boy's parents would allow him to wonder around in it, full of stuff dating back to World War Two.  It's now closed, of course, and instead is the outdoor clothing store Gear Up.

That wasn't Casper's last surplus store, however.  Yates, outside of town, fit that description, and was again fascinating.  It probably closed fifteen or so years ago when its owner relocated to Australian with his Australian wife, figuring that, even as a younger man, that with his savings and Australian social services, he'd no longer have to work.

I hope that worked out.

Laramie had a really small surplus store when I first lived there, but it closed while I lived there in the 80s.  Examples still exist, however.  Jax in Ft. Collins keeps on keeping on, although that's only a small part of its large collection of wares, and Billings retains a good surplus store to this day.

This location is a parking lot today:

A sharp-eyed person (not me) noticed the item about "Government Housewives".

What on earth was that?

It turns out to be a sewing kit issued to soldiers.1

That reveals a set of interesting things.

First of all, sewing repairs were regarded as "women's work".  I frankly don't know, to the extent that anyone does them today, that they still aren't.

I know how to sew for repairs and minor matters.  My mother taught me, and from a young age if buttons needed to be put on my clothes, I did it.  My father knew how to sew as well.  And I'd note that from a military prospective, soldiers had to know how to sew.  I was single while a Guardsman and all the badges, etc., that went on my uniform were put there by me, and they had to be right.

I suspect that the ability to do this was common knowledge while it also being the case that, if women could do it, in the divided labor system that predated the 1970s, they mostly did.

Sixteen-year-old Boston seamstress Helen Anderson, 1917.  She was employed in a commercial shop at this early age.  The good old days.

My mother also knew how to darn socks, which is something that nobody does now, and how to make clothing via a pattern on a sewing machine.  She always had a good sewing machine.  When she died, as I don't know how to use a sewing machine, I gave it to my mother-in-law, who is an excellent seamstress.  The interesting thing here is that my mother gave up making dresses, which is what she had done for herself at one time, when I was pretty young.  My mother-in-law used to make shirts for my father-in-law, but hasn't done that for quite some time.

When I was young this sort of work, seamstress work, was something associated with women.  Now it's practically simply a lost art, by my observation.  When my kids received letters in high school athletics, I had to hunt high and low to find somebody to put the letters on.  I did, but interestingly the woman who did it was a Mexican immigrant, and likely learned the craft in her native country.

When I had to have a zipper installed on my Carhartt coat, which of course indicates that I'm too cheap to replace a coat that's otherwise serviceable but which has a broken zipper, I had a canvass shop here in town do it for me.

That's interesting for a couple of reasons, one being is that I had to think outside the box to get the repair done.  My mother's sewing basket had zippers in it, which means that she was making that repair from time to time. That's beyond me, quite frankly.

I learned that it's beyond me as I tried to find a zipper for a pair of  Army field pants.  I like field pants, which are pants that go over other pants, although I usually just press Army trousers into that role. Somewhere I found a pair of genuine field pants of the old OD type and bought them.  But the zipper is shot. It probably broke when the trousers were new, as they're nearly new.  I thought I could replace it, but finding the right size zipper has been a chore.  It didn't use to be.


Anyhow, I don't know how many clothing repairs people actually make anymore.  Fewer than they used to.

Another sewing occupation, that of tailor, seemed to be a male job.  When I was first practicing law, there was an elderly tailor here in town with a small shop right next to the Federal Courthouse.  Now, that's closed and given his age, 30 years ago, he's almost certainly passed on. With the closure of the shop, the craft here closed with him.

Isidore Rubinoff, 1943, tailor for a Greyhound bus lines garage. Greyhound kept a series of such shops in an era when formal dressing was more important than it now is.  Rubinoff is wearing a Greyhound tie chain.

The degree to which people had clothing tailored has changed enormously.

It's not as if I frequented tailors at one time, to any great degree, but it did used to be the case that if you bought a good suit, it probably received some "alterations" to fit just right.  That was the difference between going into a good men's shop and buying a suit and getting one "off the rack".  An "off the rack" suit isn't going to fit quite right. There's a real difference.

Places like Brook's Brothers had tailors working in the stores.  Now, it tends to be the case that somebody will take your measurements, and it'll be shipped off somewhere.  And this with suits.

Even into the 1970s, as odd as it may seem now, tailoring was so common that even enlisted soldiers used to have Class B and fatigue uniforms tailored on occasion.  Not all by any means, but quite a few.  I recall my uncle noting that about his induction cycle in 1958, noting that a lot of the same soldiers couldn't fit in those uniforms several months later, as the physical activity of basic training passed away.  I don't know when this became a thing of the past for the Army, but it nearly, but not completely, was when I was a Guardsman in the 1980s.  It was more common in the Marine Corps.  I'll bet it's gone nearly completely now.

So here we have an interesting trend, or rather several trends.  

And one of them again has to do with the division of labor.  Back in an era when clothes were more expensive, mending them was more common, and while both sexes did it, it fell more to women than men.  This wasn't part of the "patrimony", it had to do with the tightness of resources.

But more than that was going on, and to we really need to take a look back even further to really appreciate the change.

Which we'll do next. . . 

Footnotes:

1. Apparently they were still issued into the 1970s, although by that time they'd required an off color nickname.


Wednesday, November 2, 2022

Wednesday, November 2, 1922. The Girls Rifle Team

Central High Girls Rifle Team, November 2, 1922.

Photos like this tend to bring out the perfunctory, "see, back in the day. . ." type of comments, but not without reason.

These photos were taken on the East Coast, probably in Washington D.C.  The Sullivan Act was already a thing in New York, so gun control already existed in at least that location.  Be that as it may, it wasn't widespread.

Rifle teams were common in high schools, and as this photo attests to, there were boys and girls teams.  Locally, the high school team here fired full sized military weapons.

It's something in our society that's gone wrong since then that seems to make such things dangerous.  It wasn't always so.

Grim news was coming out of Anatolia.


I uploaded the second page for a couple of reasons.  One is that it was a preelection issue, and lawyers were going on record supporting the retention of a sitting judge.


We still vote to retain judges, but there are never ads of this type to do so.  Indeed, it might be regarded as improper.

Secondly, it was interesting to see who was practicing in 1922.  I recognize a couple of the lawyers on the Natrona County list who practiced in the same building I do now.  Beyond that, however, there are some names in that list of lawyers whose descendants still practice law in the state, or who were the founding members of firms that were around until just recently.  One name is the same as for a currently practicing lawyer whose father was a physician, but whose grandfather must have been a lawyer.

Friday, July 22, 2022

Saturday, July 22, 1922. Perceptions.




Today In Wyoming's History: July 221922 Mount Moran ascended for the first time.  the climb was made by LeGrand Hardy, Bennet McNulty and Ben C. Rich of the Chicago Mountaineering Club via the Skillet Glacier route.


Cleveland's bat boys posed for a photo.


The Chicago Tribune published its second cartoon of the week on how Americans viewed the nation.




Sunday, June 19, 2022

Friday, June 19, 1942 . James Dougherty and Norma Jean Baker marry. The Second Washington Conference commenced. The Germans execute Eliáš,


The then Norma Jean Dougherty, as she looked when she appeared in Yank, as an employee of the Radio Plane Company

James Dougherty, then serving in the U.S. Navy, married Norma Jean Baker in Los Angeles, California.  He was 21, she was 16.  Their marriage prevented her from having to return to an orphanage following the relocation of her foster parents.


The sixteen-year-old had, as her living situation would indicate, a rough start in life.  Her parentage was uncertain, although her birth certificate had indicated that it was one Edward Mortenson, her mother's second husband.  In any event, Mortenson abandoned her mother when he learned of the pregnancy.  She was given up to a family by the last name of Boelender when only twelve days old to be raised until her mother, who had fallen into depression, had recovered enough to resume her role when she was somewhat older.  During this period of time, she acquired the last name of Baker.   Her mother's depression returned and became worse, and the child was raised in a series of foster homes.


While Dougherty was serving overseas, Baker dropped out of high school and went to work, something typical for service spouses, although the very young age of her marriage was unusual. She was noticed by photographer David Conover while taking photographs for Yank, which we discussed just the other day.


Dougherty did follow Conover's advice, and was quickly offered a modeling job by the Blue Star Agency. A provision of it required that she be unmarried, so she filed for divorce.  Her husband was still in the Navy, serving overseas.


And Conover's advice turned out to be good advice, in terms of her aspirations. As a model, her beauty was rapidly noticed, and she was in fact noticed by Hollywood and introduced into acting.  In the meantime, she'd changed her name to Marilyn Monroe.


Dougherty dismissed his wife's ambitions upon receiving divorce papers, but there wasn't much he could do about it.  He was, effectively, one of thousands of servicemen whose marriages had gone wrong during the war.  Effectively, he'd married a high schooler of obvious beauty and then departed from her, understandably, for years.

Probably the only one of the Conover photographs in which Monroe is actually recognizable in regard to her later appearance.

It was a story that repeated itself, but quietly, all over the United States.

Dougherty went on to become a significant figure in the Los Angeles Police Department.  He never spoke ill of his first wife, and after her death was of the opinion that she was too gentle of a person to survive in Hollywood.

The Second Washington Conference, a conference between the British headed up by Winston Churchill and the Americans headed by Franklin Roosevelt, convened.  Military matters were the topic.

The 1st Ranger Battalion came into existence.

World War Two Ranger shoulder patch.  By Zayats - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11400404

The brainchild of cavalryman Lucian Truscott, the Rangers were modeled on the example of British commando forces and supposed to fulfill a similar role.  Named after the examples of Rangers, light backwoods infantry of the French and Indian, and Revolutionary Wars, the several battalions of Rangers were formed during World War Two.  Most of them were comprised of volunteers, but at least one that was formed in the Pacific was an amalgamation of existing units that had served other purposes, including a disbanded pack artillery unit.

After the war they were disbanded but then reformed during the Korean War. The Army has retained Ranger units since. The British example is similar, in this regard, to the SAS and the SBS.

German Maj. Joachim Reichel went down behind Soviet lines in a crash landing, putting documents pertaining to an upcoming German offensive in Soviet hands. The Germans didn't change them, and the Soviets didn't believe what they captured was genuine.

The Germans executed Alois Eliáš, a former Czech general who was the prim minister of the German puppet state of  the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, for underground activities.  He was in fact working against German interests and had participated in the attempted poisoning of some collaborationist reporters, resulting in the death of one of them.

Thursday, June 9, 2022

Some thoughts on the late teen/early adult years.

The gun control bill that passed the house proposes to raise the purchase age for firearms to 21.

Teenage soldier, i.e., me. 1982.  At that age I was plenty mature enough for this role.

The counterargument is somewhat predictable for this.  "If you can serve in the military at age 21 and carry a weapon for your country. . ."

But why can you do that at age 21?

Under the original U.S. Constitution you couldn't vote until you were 21 years of age, that being the age at which the founders deemed a man (and originally it was just men) mature enough to participate in the serious business of choosing a government.  The age was changed in the late stage of the Vietnam War, under the logic if that if you were old enough to fight for your country, you were old enough to vote and participate in the decisions that led to the fighting.  That reflected the conscription age at the time, which had reached down to 18 for most of the war, even though, as noted above, it had climbed a bit late war, and even though teenage soldiers in the Vietnam War were actually fairly rare.

All the states had militia duty requirements at the time the Constitution was enacted, as the colonies also had them prior to that and dating back to their founding. Most of these made men liable for militia service between 18 and 45 years of age.

The Federal Government didn't conscript men into military service until the Civil War, at which point it passed a bill during the war making men from age 20 to 45 years of age eligible for conscription.  The southern rebellious states passed a federal conscription provision which at first covered ages 18 to 35 and then later ages 17 to 60.  The South had a real manpower problem, it might be noted, and at the bitter end of the war, it made slaves liable for conscription, demonstrating that, because there's no reason to believe they would have made willing soldiers against their own best interest.

The draft ranges for conscription during World War was fell between age 21 and 30. The first draft range for World War Two was from 21 to 35, but as the war went on it dropped to 18 years of age and up into the 40s for the upper range.  Starting in 1948 men were eligible again for the draft at age 19.  It dropped to 18 during the Korean War and stayed there until 1969, when Nixon ordered it back up to age 19.

We lack conscription now, of course, but men between the years of 18 to 35 are liable under the Selective Service provisions to conscription and are "obligors" under the law.

Hmmmm.

Interestingly, the mid 20th Century also saw men start to graduate high school as a rule, which is also at age 18.  High school graduation rates overall, for men and women combined, rose from 6% in 1900 to 80% by 1970, near the end of the Vietnam War.  The American system of education developed such that schooling normally completed, as noted, around age 18, although some did graduate at 17 when I was a high schooler, and some at 19.  As late as the late 1930s only around half of the male population graduated from high school, but that was very rapidly changing and soon after the war most men and women graduated.

In every U.S. state you can marry, the most serious thing a person can do, and marry freely, at age 18.  While people who like to get spastic about it misconstrue it, you can marry below that with permission of your parents or authorities in most states younger than that.  18 years of age in order to contact a marriage is the global norm, interestingly, although there are some exceptions.  Honduras, for example, sets the age at 21.  Japan at 20.  The Philippines at 21.  A few nations set the minimum age for women, oddly enough, below 18, usually at 16 or 17.

The other "age of consent" is generally age 18 in the United States, although there are all sorts of other rules and factors that go into that, so it's not really safe to opine on.  What's safer to opine on is that generally in the US women become far game for male predation at age 18 and that's the age where it's generally legally safe for them to be subject to all sorts of creepy behavior.  The same is true for men, but it's women that are largely the victims in this area, although not exclusively so.

In the US, the drinking age everywhere, due to Federal pressure on the topic, is 21. When I was 19, the drinking age in Wyoming was 19, which it had been dropped to during the Vietnam War due to the same logic that prevailed regarding voting.   

As of 2019, the minimum age to buy tobacco is 21.  In most of "progressive" Canada, it's 18.  Where it isn't 18 in Canada, it's 19.

In much of the US, you can drive at age 16.  This is true in Canada and Mexico as well, but the global norm, although there's lots of variety in it, is 18.

In most of the US you have to be at least 20 to rent a car, although as a practical matter, that age is really 23.

Odd, isn't it?

Research has determined that the male brain continues to develop until age 25, which is when men basically reach maturity, whereas for women it's 21.  Some studies push that up to 25 for men and women. A British study found that men reach full emotional maturity at approximately age 43, whereas women do at 32, which is a bit of a different thing than developmental maturity.

Which brings us to this.

The founders setting the voting age at 21 reflected their actual experience.  People like to imagine that everybody did everything younger back in the day, but this isn't really the case at all.  As we've discussed here before, actual marriage ages haven't changed hardly at all since the Middle Ages.  They'll occasionally go up (usually due to economic conditions), and rarely go down, but they return to a well established median.   The current "everyone is getting married older" story really reflects the latter.

Marriage, rather obviously, was allowed at a younger age than 21, but there are biological factors at work there that would tend to explain that, at least up until the government became the substitute daddy allowing men to evade responsibility for their offspring.

The odd thing about age in the early history of the country was the age for compulsory bearing of arms was 18.  Why?  No idea.  When conscription first came about, it was set at age 21, the age you could vote, and remained that age until the Second World War, when it was dropped to 18.

Driving ages are at low ages in North America because of farm economies.  Lots of drivers were, at one time, young farm drivers.

Which brings us to this.

The current pattern of living may reflect the historic norm in the US more than we suppose.  We've dealt with it before, but up until World War Two, the basic norm for most men was to leave high school, by graduation or otherwise, and then go to work.  Most men lived at home until they married.  Most women lived at home until they married. And for most, they were 21 years of age or older at that time.  The World War Two period brought in a demographic and behavioral exception, but it was due to external forces.  Large scale conscription and a booming economy, following the Great Depression, followed by the massive expansion of the economy and higher education.  The trend that started in 1939 lasted a few decades, but we've seen a return to the older pattern of living more recently.

Which perhaps gets back to this.

The new gun control provision probably makes a lot of sense.  There are reasons to preclude people who have not reached maturity from buying firearms.

But there are probably reasons not to allow them to do other responsible things as well, including voting.

Maybe, looked at this rationally and scientifically, the military ought to not be open to enlistment until age 21.  Maybe the "age of consent", or exploitation, ought to be 21.  Maybe public education ought to expand up to age 21.

Sunday, May 22, 2022

Friday, May 22, 1942. Selective Service Registration reaches down to 18.

Today In Wyoming's History: May 22:
1942   President Roosevelt orders the Selective Service registration of all male Americans residents who reach the age of 18 or 19 before June 30th or has reached the age of 20 since December 31, 1941.




Friday, April 15, 2022

Saturday, April 15, 1922. The Teapot Dome Scandal Breaks.


The Saturday Evening Post decided to grace the cover of its Easter issue, with Easter being April 16 that year, with a Leyendecker portrait of a woman looking at her Easter bonnet.

Country Gentleman, however, went with a different theme.


Some in Washington, D. C. took time to play polo on this day.


Horses were much in evidence on that Holy Saturday in Washington, D. C., as a Junior Horse Show was also held.



The White House received visitors.


Which included a party of Camp Fire Girls.


Not everyone was taking the day off, however.

Today In Wyoming's History: April 15: 1922  1922  Wyoming Democratic Senator John Kendrick introduced a resolution to investigate oil sales at Teapot Dome, Wyoming (the Naval Petroleum Oil Reserve).

As the U.S. Senate's history site notes:

Senate Investigates the "Teapot Dome" Scandal


April 15, 1922

Senate Committee on Public Lands hearing


Not unexpectedly, the Teapot Dome story, which was just breaking, and had been broken in the East the day prior, was big news in Wyoming.






Wednesday, March 16, 2022

Thursday, March 16, 1922. Trendsetters.

Walcott Rouse, March 16, 1922
 

On the same day that young Mr. Rouse was roller-skating with his dog in Washington, D.C., Ahmed Fuad Pasha was proclaimed King Fuad I of Egypt, making him one of only two kings in the country's mondern history.

He is mostly remembered for his son, who had a flamboyant if rocky and odd history.  Faud himself had an unhappy relationship with Farouk's mother, and indeed with both of his queens.  His first wife, Shivakiar Khanum Effendi, was his first cousin once removed.  They divorced in 1898, but Faud was shot in the throat by her brother during a dispute with her.  He survived that.  In 1919 he married Nazli Sabri, who was the maternal great-granddaughter of Suleiman Pasha, a French Napoleonic officer who converted to Islam.  She outlived Fuad but immigrated to the United States, reversing her great-grandfather's act, and converting to Catholicism.   She possessed the largest jewelry collection in the world.  Her youngest daughter Fathia also converted to Catholicism.

Louis "Lepke" Buchalter was released from Sing Sing and would go on in his criminal career, fairly shortly becoming the head of what was called "Murder Inc".  The latter was an organization in which the Mafia could arrange for contract killings through non Mafia members, thereby insulating them from implication in them.  Buchalter was executed for his crimes in 1944.

Wednesday, October 13, 2021

Friday, October 13, 1921. Giants take the Series, Turks take former Imperial Russian Territory, Hine takes photographs of 4H Club members.

The Giants took the World Series with a 1 to 0 victory over the Yankees.




The Treaty of Kars fixed the boundary between Turkey, still at war with Greece, and what was effectively the Soviet Union.
The treat effectively operated in Turkey's favor, granting it territories that had been within Imperial Russia's boundaries.

While both nations were in a shaky position at the time, it's worth remembering that Turkey, while on the defensive, was holding its own against Greece. France and the UK, initially allies in the Greek effort, had abandoned Greece as it became more aggressive in regard to its territorial demands and efforts.  The Turks, on the other hand, had shown an inclination to look East into Turkic territories, something the USSR didn't need to happen.  Moreover, the Soviet Union was having difficulty imposing its moronic economic system on an unwilling population and its political thumb on various ethnicities, so it was arguably in a worse position than Turkey was.  Also, its population was enduring famine to the lunatic nature of its farm policy.

After World War Two Stalin pressed for the return of Imperial Russian lands, but Turkey resisted it, and the Western Allies backed Turkey's position.  Soviet demands were dropped, but Georgia and Armenia have never been happy with the border that the treaty created.

A photographer took a photo of Jacksonville, Florida.


Jacksonville, Florida.  October 13, 1921.

Hine was at the state fair in Charleston, West Virginia, where he photographed members of the 4H clubs.














Philander Knox, a well known U.S. Senator, was reported as having died the day prior.


He was 68 years old.

The original Lyric theater (there's been one since, which while relatively new, is no longer a movie theater, was running Man-Woman-Marriage, a film released that previous March.  It's interesting in that it gives us a glimpse of the touring speed of movies at the time.

A less lurid ad from somewhere else.

Billed as the "Greatest love story of all time" by advertisers, the ostensible plot involved something to with a woman rebelling against a forced marriage, but also gave the filmmakers view of marriage throughout human history.  Robert Sherwood of Time magazine described the film as the worst move ever made, adding that it was "a grotesque hodgepodge about woman's rights through the ages (interminable ages they are, too) with a great deal of ham allegory and cheap religious drool, used to cloud the real motif — which is sex appeal."

Based on the Casper ads, that was probably about right.

Be that as it may, the ads run in the Casper paper got the biological facts right.  Generally, they showed some guy leering over a woman dressed in about as revealing fashion as allowable in the Casper papers, and, viewed left to right, a baby ensues.