Articles of Agreement made at Fort Bridger, in Utah Territory, this second day of July, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, by and between the United States of America, represented by its Commissioners, and the Shoshone nation of Indians, represented by its Chiefs and Principal Men And Warriors of the Eastern Bands, as follows:ARTICLE 1.
Friendly and amically relations are hereby re-established between the bands of the Shoshonee nation, parties hereto, and the United States; and it is declared that a firm and perpetual peace shall be henceforth maintained between the Shoshonee nation and the United States.ARTICLE 2.
The several routes of travel through the Shoshonee country, now or hereafter used by white men, shall be and remain forever free and safe for the use of the government of the United States, and of all emigrants and travellers under its authority and Protection, without molestation or injury from any of the people of the said nation. And if depredations should at any time be committed by bad men of their nation, the offenders shall be immediately seized and delivered up to the proper officers of the United States, to be punished as their offences shall deserve; and the safety of all travellers passing peaceably over said routes is hereby guaranteed by said nation. Military agricultural settlements and military posts may be established by the President of the United States along said routes; ferries may be maintained over the rivers wherever they may be required; and houses erected and settlements formed at such points as may be necessary for the comfort and convenience of travellers.ARTICLE 3.
The telegraph and overland stage lines having been established and operated through a part of the Shoshonee country, it is expressly agreed that the same may be continued without hindrance, molestation, or injury from the people of said nation; and that their property, and the lives of passengers in the stages, and of the employes of the respective companies, shall be protected by them.
And further, it being understood that provision has been made by the Government of the United States for the construction of a railway from the plains west to the Pacific ocean, it is stipulated by said nation that said railway, or its branches, may be located, constructed, and operated, without molestation from them, through any portion of the country claimed by them.ARTICLE 4.
It is understood the boundaries of the Shoshonee country, as defined and described by said nation, is as follows: On the north, by the mountains on the north side of the valley of Shoshonee or Snake River; on the east, by the Wind River mountains, Peenahpah river, the north fork of Platte or Koo-chin-agah, and the north Park or Buffalo House; and on the south, by Yampah river and the Uintah mountains. The western boundary is left undefined, there being no Shoshonees from that district of country present; but the bands now present claim that their own country is bounded on the west by Salt Lake.ARTICLE 5.
The United States being aware of the inconvenience resulting to the Indians in consequence of the driving away and destruction of game along the routes travelled by whites, and by the formation of agricultural and mining settlements, are willing to fairly compensate them for the same; therefore, and in consideration of the preceding stipulations, the United States promise and agree to pay to the bands of the Shoshonee nation, parties hereto, annually for the term of twenty years, the sum of ten thousand dollars, in such articles as the President of the United States may deem suitable to their wants and condition, either as hunters or herdsmen. And the said bands of the Shoshonee nation hereby acknowledge the reception of the said stipulated annuities, as a full compensation and equivalent for the loss of game, and the rights and privileges hereby conceded.ARTICLE 6.
The said bands hereby acknowledge that they have received from said Commissioners provisions and clothing amounting to six thousand dollars, as presents, at the conclusion of this treaty.ARTICLE 7.
Nothing herein contained shall be construed or taken to admit any other or greater title or interest in the lands embraced within the territories described in said Treaty with said tribes or bands of Indians than existed in them upon the acquisition of said territories from Mexico by the laws thereof.Done at Fort Bridger the day and year above written.James Duane Doty,Luther Mann, jr.,Commissioners.Washakee, his x mark.Wanapitz, his x mark.Toopsa+owet, his x mark.Pantoshiga, his x mark.Ninabitzee, his x mark.Narkawk, his x mark.Taboonshea, his x mark.Weerango, his x mark.Tootsahp, his x mark.Weeahyukee, his x mark.Bazile, his x mark.In the presence of—Jack Robertson, interpreter.Samuel Dean.
Ostensibly exploring the practice of law before the internet. Heck, before good highways for that matter.
Wednesday, July 2, 2014
The Big Speech: Ft. Bridger Treaty of 1863.
Wyoming Fact and Fiction: What, Automobiles in Yellowstone!
Interesting entry on this topic. We've blogged about the amazing change in rural transportation in the early 20th Century ourselves, but not in this context..I suspect that many people can't imagine the real differences in early auto transportation as compared to the current era, and the extent to which that made things which can seem fairly easy and routine now, extraordinary and difficult.
Thursday, July 2, 1914. The military recommendation.
The German military recommends to Kaiser Wilhelm II that Austro Hungaria attack Serbia as soon as possible, as Germany could mobilize quicker than Russia or France.
It is announced that Kaiser Wilhelm will not attend Ferdinand's funeral. He had planned to go and use the occasion as an informal peace conference, but Austro Hungaria had disinvited much foreign presence.
Bosnia and Herzegovina were placed under martial law.
Last edition:
Wednesday, July 1, 1914. Fighting assurances.
Tuesday, July 1, 2014
Wednesday, July 1, 1914. Fighting assurances.
Germany assured Austro Hungaria that it would support it in the event of war with Serbia.
Russian officials met and advised Serbian ones in Belgrade.
The Royal Naval Air Service was established.
The U.S. Navy established the Office of Naval Aeronautics.
Last edition:
Tuesday, June 30, 1914. Fighting in Morocco, questions in Europe.
Monday, June 30, 2014
Making it personal: Lex Anteinternet: Es ist nichts, Es ist nichts...
Lex Anteinternet: Es ist nichts, Es ist nichts...: Society of the Military Horse • View topic - Today in the history of mounted warfare And so it began. Tuberculitic Gavrilo Princip, ...
June 28, 1914, was a Sunday.
So, putting a personal spin on this, if you subtracted whole to the year 1914, and lived in that century, how would this news have realistically impacted you? That is, if your life played out in a reasonably predictable manner, with hindsight. That's not always an easy thing to do, as things have changed very much.
But, if you lived a century ago, would this have amounted to much more than sad news to you? When would you have even learned of it? I'm posting this on June 30, and I'd guess I would have known by Monday June 29, 1914, but I certainly wouldn't have thought the world on the verge of one of the great wars of human history, on that following Tuesday.
Tuesday, June 30, 1914. Fighting in Morocco, questions in Europe.
French troops and Zayanes fought a major battle in Morocco, with the French losing 17 dead and 77 wounded and the Zayanes 140 dead.
While the French were fighting in Morocco, German Undersecretary of State Arthur Zimmermann, who would later be associated with a series of really bad ideas, addressed requests by Austro-Hungaria and Germany for investigation into the Archduke's assassination which were rejected by Serbia.
The U.S. sold the USS Mississippi and USS Idaho to Greece.
Veteran Alberta was established.
Last edition:
Monday, June 29, 1914. Turmoil in Sarajevo.
Sunday, June 29, 2014
Monday, June 29, 1914. Turmoil in Sarajevo.
Anti-Serb riots broke out in Sarajevo. A state of siege was declared. Gavrilo Princip and Nedeljko Čabrinović to assassinate the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Most of the conspirators were arrested on this day. Woodrow Wilson cabled his condolence to the Austro-Hungarian imperial household. The Austro-Hungarian government debated how to respond to the assassination.
Khioniya Guseva attempted and failed to assassinate Grigori Rasputin.
The Conservatives won the elections in Ontario.
Last prior edition:
Sunday, June 28, 1914. The beginning of the modern world.
Saturday, June 28, 2014
Es ist nichts, Es ist nichts...
And so it began.
Tuberculitic Gavrilo Princip, on this day, assassinated Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and his wife lighting the fire that would kill millions in the next four years.
Sunday, June 28, 1914. The beginning of the modern world.
On this day, in 1914, the modern world, for good or ill, was ushered in at the muzzle end of Gavrilo Princept's M1910 Belgian Automatic. Princept was acting as a member of the Young Bosnian's, in concert with the Black Hand, two Serbian nationalist movements that saw the increasingly imperialist nature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire as frustrating their aspirations for a larger Serbia.
Bosnia & Herzegovina had been occupied by Austro Hungaria since 1878, having been ruled prior to that by the Ottoman Empire.. In 1908 the Austro Hungarian Empire formally annexed the region as a defense to renewed Ottoman aggression, or Serbian aggression. The annexation spawned resistance groups, including the Narodna Odbrana, of which the Black Hand was part. Ultimately Young Bosnia, a more radical group, formed. Young Bosnia, moreover, was inclined towards violence.
The resulting violence lead to Austro-Hungarian police action. Archduke Ferdinand's July 1914 visit to Sarajevo was at the local governor's request, and was designed to demonstrate Austro-Hungarian strength and resolve.
It was a grave error.
A look back to a prior post.
Es ist nichts, Es ist nichts...
And so it began.
Tuberculitic Gavrilo Princip, on this day, assassinated Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and his wife lighting the fire that would kill millions in the next four years.
Today In Wyoming's History: June 28: 1914 Archduke Franz Joseph assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia, shortly leading to World War One.
Sometimes forgotten, there were two assassination attempts on that day, the first one by Nedeljko Čabrinović, who unsuccessfully threw a bomb at the Archduke's vehicle. It bounced off the car and wounded 20 people behind it. He attempted unsuccessfully to kill himself with cyanide but failed. He died in 1916 from illness and maltreatment in detention.
Making it personal: Lex Anteinternet: Es ist nichts, Es ist nichts...
Lex Anteinternet: Es ist nichts, Es ist nichts...: Society of the Military Horse • View topic - Today in the history of mounted warfare And so it began. Tuberculitic Gavrilo Princip, ...
June 28, 1914, was a Sunday.
So, putting a personal spin on this, if you subtracted whole to the year 1914, and lived in that century, how would this news have realistically impacted you? That is, if your life played out in a reasonably predictable manner, with hindsight. That's not always an easy thing to do, as things have changed very much.
But, if you lived a century ago, would this have amounted to much more than sad news to you? When would you have even learned of it? I'm posting this on June 30, and I'd guess I would have known by Monday June 29, 1914, but I certainly wouldn't have thought the world on the verge of one of the great wars of human history, on that following Tuesday.
Friday, June 27, 2014
The Construction Crew
When I cross the street something occurred to me, remarkable in this era only in that I noted it. Every single member of the construction crew was a young woman. Probably none of them were over 30 years of age, and not one man was on the crew.
This isn't really remarkable, except that it wasn't all that long ago when women construction workers were a real rarity. Heavy construction with heavy equipment, such as this, was certainly almost all male, not all that long ago. Indeed, a couple of years ago some heavy construction crews downtown were both all male, and all Hispanic, reflecting a traditional situation in which these jobs often went to immigrant men.
Well, not this crew. An interesting sign of how times have changed.
Saturday, June 27, 1914. Distributing weapons.
Danilo Ilić, a member of the Black Hand, distributed pistols, bombs and cyanide pills to the six assassins that would be placed along the procession route Archduke Franz Ferdinand would take the following day.
US Presidential adviser Edward M. House met with British Foreign Secretary Edward Gray as part of a U.S. effort to preserve peace in Europe.
Last prior edition:
Friday, June 26, 1914. Intervening in the Dominican Republic.
Thursday, June 26, 2014
Friday, June 26, 1914. Intervening in the Dominican Republic.
The US landed Marines and Sailors at Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, to end the city's bombardment and protect the port from disruption during the country's civil war.
The South African senate passed the Indian Relief Bill abolishing a tax against Indian citizens, recognizing Indian ceremonial marriages, relaxing immigration laws, and pardoning members of the Indian resistance movement, which Mahatma Gandhi then suspended.
Last prior edition:
Thursday, June 25, 1914. Deaths and a disaster.
Wednesday, June 25, 2014
Thursday, June 25, 1914. Deaths and a disaster.
Fireman George Breddy, one of the survivors to date of the Canadian Arctic Expedition on Wrangell Island, was found dead of a gunshot wound.
Accused during his stay on the island of theft and hoarding, some missing items were found on his body. It wasn't certain if his death was due to homicide or suicide.
Only fourteen of the original twenty-five survivors of the HMCS Karluk's sinking were now left alive.
A massive fire broke out in Salem, Massachusetts, creating widespread destruction and the calling out of the local National Guard units, including elements of the Eighth Massachusetts Infantry Regiment; the Second Corps of Cadets, the Ninth Massachusetts Infantry Regiment and some Naval militia.
Last prior edition:
Wednesday, June 24, 1914. Playing international chess.
Tuesday, June 24, 2014
Wednesday, June 24, 1914. Playing international chess.
Austro Hungaria wrote Germany that Romania could no longer be considered a reliable ally on Balkan issues. In fact, Imperial Russia was working on forming an alliance with Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro against Austro-Hungaria. Austro Hungaria therefore was seeking to have Germany go with it in forming an alliance of Germany, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria against Russia.
The U.S. and Norway concluded a treaty for the advancement of general peace.
Last prior edition:
Tuesday, June 23, 1914. The decisive Villista Victory.
Monday, June 23, 2014
Instant Communications and the Erosion of Leisure?
I don't "push" my email to my cell phone, like a lot of other people do. I don't do this intentionally, as I don't have the discipline not to check it. The only time that I do that is when I'm on the road.
The prior day, a client had called me with an emergency. I called the opposing attorney, who was not there, and left a message and followed up with an email. All I could do, under the circumstances, late on a Friday.
After I left work on Saturday, my client emailed me twice. Once to inform me that the problem still existed, and then to inquire why I hadn't yet solved it. Only 24 hours had gone by, most of it in a weekend.
The following day, the opposing attorney emailed me, which I didn't realize as I don't check my work emails while I'm in town, and not in my office, as a rule. But he apparently does.
I'm sure this isn't unique to the law, but its bad all the way around. Twenty four hour a day communications has risen to the level of a 24 hour work expectation. This means that, at some level, peoples lives now are more their work than ever, and they are what their professions are, with no other life that cannot be invaded. As trends go, people like to cite to instant communications as an advancement, but I doubt it really is. Time for the personal life is gone.
We see now where over half of all Americans are disenchanted with their employment and in high stress occupations this is particularly so. I can't help but thing people leaving their Iphones on all the time contribute to that. Well, don't do it. It'll wait till Monday.