Sunday, February 19, 2017

Monday, February 19, 1917. General Frederick Funston dies.

On this date in 1917 a shock happened to the nation.  The general who Woodrow Wilson already had in mind for an American expeditionary force in Europe, should the US enter the Great War, which was becoming increasingly likely, died.


And with his death, it truly seemed that an era had really passed.

 Gen. Frederick Funston, next to driver, in 1906.

Funston was a hero and a legend.  He'd risen to high command on the strength of his military achievements without being a West Point graduate.  He was truly an exception to the rules.

Funston was born in Ohio in 1865 and in some ways did not show early promise in life.  He was a very small and slight (at first) man, standing only 5'5" and weighing only 120 lbs upon reaching adulthood.  He aspired as a youth to the military, after growing up in Kansas, but he was rejected by West Point due to his small size.  He thereafter attended the University of Kansas for three years but did not graduate.  Following that he worked for awhile for the Santa Fe Railroad before becoming a reporter in Kansas City in 1890.

Only after a year he left reporting and went to work for the Department of Agriculture as a researcher in an era when that was an adventuresome occupation.  In 1896, however, Funston left that to join the Cuban insurrection against Spain in Cuba.

  Funston as a Cuban guerilla.

As most Americans spending any time in Cuba at the time experienced, he came down with malaria while serving the Cuban revolution.  Returning to United States weighing only 95 lbs he found himself back in the United States just in time to secure a commission with the 20th Kansas Infantry as it was raised to fight in the Spanish American War.  

"Funston's Fighting Kansans" in the Philippines.

The 20th Kansas didn't fight in Cuba, it fought in the Philippines.  Funston served there heroically and received the Medal of Honor, and found himself promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in the Regular Army at age 35, a remarkable rise contrary to the usual story of military advancement and more reminiscent of the Civil War than anything thereafter.  Following his service in the Philippines, however, he fell into a period of controversy due to aggressively pro military action comments he made in the United States.

He was stationed at the Presidio in San Francisco upon his return to the United States and was there at the time of the 1906 earthquake.  He controversially declared martial law to attempt to combat the fire and looters and in fact authorized the shooting of looters.  Following that he was stationed again in the Philippines and Hawaii.  In 1914 he was placed in command of the Southern Department of the Army and was in command of the US forces in Vera Cruz and thereafter in Mexico under Pershing.


Funston and his family at the Presidio.

On this date in 1917 he was relaxing at the St. Anthony Hotel in San Antonio Texas when he suffered a massive stroke and died.  He was only 51 years of age but he had put on a tremendous amount of weight in recent years. Indeed, his weight had prevented him from active field service by the time of the Punitive Expedition, but the fact of his death in this fashion would suggest an undiagnosed high blood pressure condition, something that was commonly fatal in that era.


Two Battalions of the Wyoming Infantry were to be on their way home, the Boomerang reported.

And Theodore Roosevelt was planning to reprise his Spanish American War role if the US went to war with Germany.  Well. . . .Woodrow Wilson might have a say in that.

And the situation in Mexico was apparently getting complicated by a private body of cowboy militia crossing the border in reprisal for the recent death of their fellows.

Finally, the  Boomerang reported the situation with Germany as "hopeful".


News came on this Monday (in 1917) that indeed, Wyoming and Colorado state troops were headed home, or at least to Ft. D. A. Russell.

A general with a Cheyenne connection, John J. Pershing, now a national hero and the recent commander of the Punitive Expedition, came out for universal military training.  That was  big movement, of course, at the time.

And John B. Kendrick was on his way to the U.S. Senate, finishing up his time as Governor by signing the bills  that had passed the recent legislative session.

Miss Elanor Eakin Carr's engagement to Howard P. Okie, son of J. B. Okie of Lost Cabin, the legendary sheepman of the Lost Cabin area.  He'd take over his father's mercantile interest that year, but the marriage would not be a  long one.  He died in 1920.

Today In Wyoming's History: February 19: 1917  The State Highway Commission was created by the signature of the Governor Kendrick, in his last day in office, approving it.

It's odd to think of Wyoming lacking a Highway Department but up until this date in 1917, it did.  That was common at the time as most vehicular transportation remained strictly local.  However, that would begin to change with the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916, which provided funds, for the first time, to state highway departments in one of the "progressive" policies of the Wilson Administration.

The activities of the Commission would be modest but growing throughout its early years.  Limited winter plowing commenced in 1923 and then it began in earnest in 1929.  In 1991 the highway department became the Wyoming Department of Transportation, which it remains.

 

Last prior edition:

Sunday Morning Scene: Churches of the West: St. Leo Catholic Church, Lewistown Montana

Churches of the West: St. Leo Catholic Church, Lewistown Montana:






St. Leo's history is nicely explained by the National Registry of Historic Places photograph included above.  This beautiful church is a surprise as Lewistown is not a large town, having a population of only about 6,000 people. The church is very large, and strongly resembles St. Anthony's Catholic Church in Casper Wyoming, which was built at about the same time.

Today In Wyoming's History: February 19, 1917. Wyoming State Highway Commission Created

Today In Wyoming's History: February 19: 1917  The State Highway Commission was created by the signature of the Governor Kendrick, in his last day in office, approving it.

It's odd to think of Wyoming lacking a Highway Department but up until this date in 1917, it did.  That was common at the time as most vehicular transportation remained strictly local.  However, that would begin to change with the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916, which provided funds, for the first time, to state highway departments in one of the "progressive" policies of the Wilson Administration.

The activities of the Commission would be modest but growing throughout its early years.  Limited winter plowing commenced in 1923 and then it began in earnest in 1929.  In 1991 the highway department became the Wyoming Department of Transportation, which it remains.

 

Saturday, February 18, 2017

The Best Posts of the Week of February 12, 2017

We made that. And surprises.

Wyoming Lard Can, Fort Casper Museum.  I was surprised to see it. I wish we had a can of it still.  I used to have some stationary, but now I don't even have that.

Poster Saturday: Come On Buddie


The Cheyenne State Leader for February 18, 1917: Villa gone to Japan?


A rumor was published of Pancho Villa going East. . . .way East.

He didn't.

The cowboy victims of border violence were buried. And Cuban revolutionaries were reportedly holding Santiago.

And of course, U-boots were taking headlines.

Friday, February 17, 2017

Gasp! The National Guard is not a police force.

I missed, thankfully, the original AP story on this one, so the rebuttal from the White House was the first news I had of the story. Here's how Time reported that:
The White House is pushing back against a report that it is considering a proposal to mobilize as many as 100,000 National Guard troops round up undocumented immigrants.
The Associated Press reported this morning that an 11-page document would call for the National Guard to be called up in 11 states, including some not along the Mexican border, to round up undocumented immigrants.
The memo was written by U.S. Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly, a retired four-star Marine general, according to the AP, and would give governors in those states final say on whether to participate.
"That is 100% not true," White House spokesman Sean Spicer told reporters. "It is false. It is irresponsible to be saying this. ... There is no effort at all to round up, to utilize the National Guard to round up illegal immigrants."
Spicer would not say whether this idea was ever floated somewhere within the Administration.
As a total initial aside, in my line of work I deal with illegal aliens from time to time, and they always refer to themselves, in my experience, as "illegal". This whole "undocumented alien" line is a bunch 1984s double talk. They're illegal aliens. They're also human beings, and usually really darned hard working ones.  Whatever a person thinks of this situation one way or another, coming up with weird terms to define them is, well, silly.

Anyhow, I'm glad I didn't see the original report, as using the National Guard in this role, assuming that's even legal (and I'm not at all sure it would be) would be insane.  My prediction is that it would go very poorly with the Guard on top of it, which has fought for well over a century not to be viewed as some sort of police force.  They're soldiers, not police.

Using soldiers as police (assuming its legal, and I'm not too sure it is) is a hideous idea.  When I was a Guardsman myself I was always impressed by that.  I joined the Guard nine years after the Kent State disaster and what always struck me about that is that I wasn't surprised they'd shot the protestors. Solders aren't trained towards restraint, like policemen are. That doesn't mean I think they should have shot. Rather, if you train all the time towards shooting an opposing force, your training for not shooting is pretty thin.

Frankly, I think that if the Administration did try to use the Guard in this fashion it'd spark widespread resistance to this in the Guard and at the State level. Guardsmen are state troops until Federalized and Governors have not been shy in the past about resisting deployments they didn't approve of.  That was the case on a widespread level during the Spanish American War and it sparked a split in some states which has lasted until the present day in which age old units became two units, one a Federally recognized National Guard and another a state militia recognized only on the state level. That split was so strong that it lasted even throughout World War One and Two and into the present day in some places.

The Guard, moreover, is a pretty significant part of the overall defense picture.  Wars since September 11, 2001, have really taxed it as many units have repeatedly been called into service.  Using them in this fashion would be a terrible idea and likely would lead to pretty rapid unit attrition.

Anyhow, hopefully whatever was going on here goes away quickly.

Holscher's Hub: One of the old ones

Holscher's Hub: One of the old ones


A classic image.

A Chevrolet "Advance Design" pickup truck, circa 1947 to 1955.  The first of Chevrolet's real post war truck designs and, by some accounts, the most durable truck ever made.  Seeing one in use is still not uncommon.

This one has seen some hard use, but it's still serving well, with a loyal canine passenger waiting for the return of the owner from inside of the adjacent Rialto Barber Shop.

Even in the middle of war. . .


La Vie Parisienne (Paris Life), celebrating the 18th Century (which wasn't all that nifty in France in reality), flirting, and crepes.

This day, in 1917.

FWIW, the French officer depicted would have been an Imperial French officer, based on the color of the uniform (white), an occupation that guaranteed employment in fighting and which, in this era, would soon mean a choice between the republic or the crown.

The title of the illustration is a double entendre.  The young woman is cooking a crepe dressed in a rather unlikely fashion for that task. She's also wearing crepes, a light thin fabric with a wrinkled surface.

The Cheyenne State Leader for February 17, 1917: Border watched, Guard coming home.


The same news that Cheyenne's Tribune reported was reported in a less dramatic fashion in the Leader.  The Army was now patrolling the border and the Guard was coming home.  Indeed, one Guard officer was already back, heralding the arrival, surely, of more of the State's troops.

On local troops, of a sort, Governor Kendrick was reportedly going to report to President Wilson how good the local JrROTC was looking.  And railroads, a big deal in southern Wyoming, were reportedly ready for war (although that would go less smoothly than might be supposed).

Prohibition took a knockout blow, apparently, in Cheyenne before the Legislature adjourned.


The Wyoming Tribune for February 17, 1917: National Guardsmen coming home.


With the U.S. Army back over the border, Woodrow Wilson apparently decided that the Guard no longer needed to be Federalized, so they were getting ready to deactivate them.

This makes sense, in context, but on the other hand its a bit difficult to grasp why Wilson, who was leading a country that rocketing towards war and he was letting the Guard stand down.  In hindsight, it would have really made a bit more sense to retain them as mustered in anticipation of war.  Indeed, in World War Two the Guard, and what little Reserve there was, was called into service in 1940 in anticipation of the looming war.

The Legislature was also set to come home, something that every citizen holds their breath for . . .

Thursday, February 16, 2017

Blog Mirror: The Winter of ’16-17

An interesting item on the winter of 1916-17, in Europe:

The Winter of ’16-17

This is an extraordinary winter in Canada, where even on the west coast there have been weeks of freezing weather. In Europe, the cold and snow is reaching as far south as the Mediterranean.

Budget chicken?

From the Star Tribune, regarding proposed cuts by the Legislature in education funding.  Supposedly this is just a strategy move on the part of the sponsors to force something in terms of cuts they are angling for and won't actually occur:
Official: Cut could result in‘bloodbath’ 

Natrona County may see sizeable reduction

SETH KLAMANN 
307-266-0544,
seth.klamann@trib.com
A Senate budget provision that would cut $91 million from schools in Wyoming could result in a “bloodbath” of layoffs in Natrona County, the school board chairman said Tuesday.
Irrespective of whether the move is strategic or not, this seems like a dangerous game to be playing.  Granted, the State hasn't found a way to carry the freight for education now that the coal train is derailed, but if this passes (and I don't think it will, and I don't think the Governor would allow it to carry through and we'd be right on to a special session), its hard to credit the concept that we're going to do something to diversify our economy if we're going to slash education for those who will soon be in that economy.




America Here's My Boy

In a clear sign how things were beginning to go, and an early introduction to what would be a massive movement in the American public supporting the Great War and shaming those who didn't, the song America Here's My Boy was copyrighted on  this day and very soon released:


This came, of course, just before the US entered the war, but it would end up being an early World War One American hit.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UJn9dHkD0E

I wouldn't rate it as great, but then music of this era. . . .

Anyhow, it was a bit of a reaction to I Didn't Raise My Boy To Be A Soldier.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHEqjMf7Ojo

Band sound similar to the one above?

It's the same one.

At any rate, I doubt America Here's My Boy "expressed the sentiment of every American mother." I learned the year prior to my own mother's death that she worried that war would break out the entire time I was in the National Guard.

The Cheyenne Leader for February 16, 1917. Three Americans Captured by Mexicans Found Slain


More bad news from the Mexican border. . . and elsewhere.

The Wyoming Tribune for February 16, 1917. More troops being rushed to the border


More troops rushed to the border.

And the beginnings of JrROTC.

William S. Sims becomes President of the Naval War College


On this day in 1917.

A Canadian by birth, but of American parents, he had been in  the U.S. Navy since 1880 following his graduation from the Naval Academy. The forward looking Sims would go on to command on U.S. Naval forces operating from the United Kingdom during World War One.  He resumed the post of President of the Naval War College in 1919 and won the Pulitzer Prize for his book Victory At Sea in 1921.  He retired at the mandatory age of 64 in 1922 but was still in the public eye in 1925 when he appeared on the cover of Time magazine.

Wednesday, February 15, 2017

Gorsuch anwers to Senate Questionaire

Justice Gorsuch's answers to the Senate's questionnaire.

Salacious February?

I wonder if there's something wrong with February?

Or maybe just men in February.

I've been posting some newspapers recently, as they've been again been featuring Mexico and our troubles with it in 1917.  But at the same time, there's been some really odd stories popping up.

Earlier in the week in a newspaper that I didn't put up there was a news story about a group of young men from Denver, all apparently of prominent families, in 1917, that were arrested and were clearly going to be convicted of violating the Mann Act.  That statute, for those who might not be familiar with it, makes it a crime to take a woman across state lines for immoral purposes, which is what they did.  Or rather, they took girls across as it reported that the girls danced for them sans clothing, with one being as young as 16 years of age.  One of the young men was reported to be "getting a divorce".

Yeah, I bet he was.

And then yesterday we find that in Kemmerer there was a problem with "bear dancing".  Well, there was also a problem with the headline writer at The Wyoming Tribune that day, as it wasn't "bear dancing", but rather females dancing bare.  The saloons were ordered to knock it off. 

The Wyoming Tribune for February 14, 1917.  I'd like to see a saloon that featured dancing bears.





That's more like it.

Surprisingly the saloons were resisting the order, including the bear dancers, um, the bare dancers.

I should note that this past week, in 1917, was the week that Mata Hari was arrested, speaking of bare dancers.

Now, I would not have thought that bare dancing was really a thing in very many saloons in 1917.  I guess it fits in with the gritty Sam Peckinpah version of the West, but not really the real West as I'd have imagined it. But maybe I was off the mark.

Moreover, I wouldn't have thought bare dancing in saloons a common thing in the West in 1917, let alone in Lincoln County, Wyoming.  Kemmerer is part of the Mormon Hub of Eastern Wyoming and I'm certain that the Mormon's do not approve of dancing bare.  Of course, they don't approve of saloons either to it would be safe to assume that whomever the patrons of the saloons were they were likely not practicing Mormons.

I'm a practicing Catholic which brings me to this.  I don't approve of bare dancing in saloons either nor do I approve of Sports Illustrated's annual descent into pornography.  That occurs, yes, in February.

Every year at this time Sports Illustrated takes a break from covering football, basketball, baseball and lawn tennis or whatever else it covers, and just goes flat out pornographic.  I'm not sure how it chose February for its descent, but it may have something to do with it being the depth of winter (take that, January) or perhaps its because its truly the sports "garbage time".




No, not that Garbage Time.  This one actually deals with sports.

Or perhaps its because its the depth of winter and, as the old saying goes, idleness truly is the devil's playground.  Indeed, that would explain why young Denverites were hauling girls up into Cheyenne to dance for them sans clothing and why guys were hanging around in Kemmerer bars drinking and watching dancing bears. . .um bare dancing.

Anyhow, there is a serious side of this.  1917 was in the hard swing towards women's suffrage and it was shortly thereafter achieved in most of the Western World.

Bare or Bare dancing?  Forget that. Vote.

The vote was a major strike in favor of women's equality with men. And true equality, not one that ignored their gender but respected it.

Bare dancing, let alone violating the Mann Act, certainly doesn't respect it.  Nor does plastering it all over the pages of Sports Illustrated and claiming that it celebrates swimwear (which, I'd note, I don't think they really particularly even claim now as the swimwear is hardly there or indeed is actually absent). That's exploitation.

And as long as women are exploited in that fashion, not matter what their hopes and aspirations were in 1917, they'll never really be equal.  An object isn't equal.  It's an object.

Something to ponder, I guess, in muddy February.

Teenage Machinist. March 15, 1917


Teenage machinist, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.  An after school job in this case.  Note that he appears to be wearing a tie, which would be regarded as a terrible safety violation in the present age.