Tuesday, February 26, 2019

February 26, 1919. Grand Canyon and Acadia National Parks established, Soldiers and Sailors Club finds home in Casper, Mexican Federal Troops take positions up in Juarez, Dry Frontier Days


On this day in 1919, President Wilson passed legislation creating the Grand Canyon and Lafayette National Parks.  Lafayette National Park in Maine would be renamed Acadia National Park a decade later.

A Park Service item on the act and parks:
Unlikely SiblingsAcadia National Park, Grand Canyon National Park


Lots of strife was reported on in the Casper paper, but we've added this one to note the formation of the Soldiers and Sailors Club with temporary housing in the Oil Exchange Building.

That building, renamed the Consolidated Royalty Building, is still a prominent downtown Casper office building.  It was a new building at that time, having been built in 1917.


In Cheyenne, Frontier Days was announced to be "Dry" for 1919.

Mexican Federal troops were reported to be taking up positions to guard American interests around Juarez.


And in Cheyenne Carey was signing new legislation as the Wyoming State Tribune was making fun of human nature and the occupation of Germany.

Monday, February 25, 2019

The further demise of the local news

Last year, as folks who stop by here know, the Casper Star Tribune decided to quit printing their paper in Casper.  It prints now in Cheyenne.

Or, rather, it contracts to have it printed in Cheyenne.  And from its Cheyenne printed newspaper it recently related this bit of local news:
Casper’s KCWY will combine with Cheyenne’s KGWN station, rebranding under a new name, drastically cutting back the number of newscasts here and leaving just four of its reporters in the Oil City, the station and its parent company confirmed Thursday. 
In separate emails, KCWY general manager Jim Beck and Gray Television Executive Vice President Kevin Latek confirmed the “significant change.” By April 9, the two stations will rebrand as “Wyoming News Now” and will run out of Cheyenne. Casper will maintain four employees who will produce a unique newscast at 5 p.m. The other productions — morning, noon, late and weekend — will be simulcast for both Cheyenne and Casper, Beck said in a statement. 
The 6 p.m. newscast will be eliminated and “Jeopardy!” will replace it. It’s unclear if any Casper reporters or staff will move to Cheyenne. Beck wrote that the station “will make every effort to offer impacted employees new positions in Gray stations in larger markets across the country.”
This means that two of Casper's major media outlets are now centered in Cheyenne in some fashion, with the shift in television being more radical than that made in the print media.  The Tribune still writes from Casper, but prints, via a contractor, in Cheyenne.  KCWY, however broadcasts from Cheyenne.

What a radical shift from not even all that long ago.  The other television channel, KTWO, was for some time the only local television station and its news department was a big deal when I was a kid.  Locals, for whatever reason, welcomed it when they got competition, but now they're back to being the only local broadcast station.  Both stations, for some time, have had the feeling to them of being training grounds for television news folks who are moving on to elsewhere, however, with those younger broadcasters being of varying qualities, sometimes great (like sportscaster Taylor McGregor who is now back in her native Denver and broadcasts particularly for the Rockies, at which she is excellent) and sometimes not so much.

The company that owns KCWY has stations all over the United States, and so this can't be regarded as really surprising.  Quite a change, however, from the infancy of television, which isn't really all that old, when television stations were very local, but affiliated with national broadcasters.  Indeed, at one time, KTWO, as it was the only local station, was affiliated with more than one national broadcaster.

Oh well.  I like Jeopardy.

Lex Anteinternet: Dare we, and should we, Wyomingites that is, ponde...

The question we asked last week.
Lex Anteinternet: Dare we, and should we, Wyomingites that is, ponde...: It's a scary thought for a lot of folks. Burkburnett Texas, February 17, 1919.  Clearly a boom was on when this photograph was tak...
In the Sunday Tribune, the paper was asking the same thing.

Or rather featuring miners from Kemmerer where mining has been a feature of local life, and employment, for generations but where that seems to be rapidly passing away.

Passing away with it, it seems, are pension plans that a bankrupt mining company has received permission from a bankruptcy court to apparently dishonor.

Kemmerer was in the news locally due to a couple of generators in a coal fired power plant being shut down, which is part of what consumes the locally mined coal.  It's also been in the news as a solar energy farm is going to be established there.  It seems, accordingly, to be the sharp focal point of a lot of economic evolution in the state, something that isn't fun at all for those enduring it.

February 25, 1919. Oregon becomes the first state to enact a gasoline tax.


The tax was .01 per gallon.

The average 1919 price per gallon was .25, but adjusted for inflation, that price would now be $3.42, so at least locally, the average price per gallon, in real terms, is lower now than it was in 1919.  For that matter, the position of the average American in the economy has been upward so that the average American has more disposable income in 2019 than he or she did in 1919.

At any rate, Oregon brought gasoline taxes into the national picture on this day, and its spread everywhere since then.  .01 doesn't sound like much, but in the context of 1919, it was a rational and not unsubstantial tax.

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Monday, February 24, 1919. Wyoming National Guardsmen in Berlin? Woodrow on the Commons, Wobblies in detention. Working Children result in taxation, temporarily, Wimpy in alcohol. Women in film.

Woodrow Wilson on the Boston Commons.

President Wilson was back in the US and took in some adulation on the Boston Commons. He was about to step into the fight for the League of Nations and the Versailles Treaty that would ultimately kill him.


Spanish anarchists arrested by the  New York police under suspicion of harboring a plot to assassinate President Wilson.

At the same time, a group of IWW anarchists were oddly plotting to assassinate Wilson.  Exactly why a century later, is unclear, as he was certainly less unsympathetic to labor and the rights of at least small nations than others in U.S. politics, although he certainly wasn't sympathetic with anarchists or communists as a group.

Child laborers in a furniture factory in 1908.  These boys would have all been of military age in World War One, which may explain the stoicism that seems to have been so common with American soldiers of that conflict.

Speaking of work, Congress passed the Child Labor Tax of 1919 which imposed a 10% income tax on those companies using child labor.  The Supreme Court would strike the law down as unconstitutional in 1922, something that isn't surprising as this was in the pre Lochner era.


The papers were reporting on those events.  And on a rumor that the 148th Field Artillery, which contained Wyoming National Guardsmen, was in Berlin.

It wasn't.

Meanwhile the Federal Prohibition bill was down to .05% being the top allowable level, less than Wyoming's 1% which had just Quixotically passed.


Releasing movies on Monday had become a thing.


Female heroins, both comedic and dramatic, were in vogue.


Sunday Morning Scene: Nigerian soldier priest conducting the Benediction for his fellow soldiers

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Best Posts of the Week of February 17, 2019

The best post of the week of February 17, 2019.

Sunday Morning Scene: Churches of the East: Near Reims

Churches of the East: Near Reims

Near Reims


Dare we, and should we, Wyomingites that is, ponder a near term world in which coal and oil use decline? Part I.


Where have all the classifieds gone?


Some Gave All: Memorial to the men of Hallay Champagne who lost their lives in World War One.

Some Gave All: Memorial to the men of Hallay Champagne who lost t...:

Memorial to the men of Hallay Champagne who lost their lives in World War One.



A town memorial to the dead of World War One in the Champagne region.

Working With Animals


Sultans of Swing (metal cover by Leo Moracchioli featuring Mary Spender)


Lex Anteinternet: Is Beer the Most Distributist Product Ever? It would appear so.


Some Gave All: Henri Guillaumet, Pilot from Ligne

Some Gave All: Henri Guillaumet, Pilot from Ligne:

Henri Guillaumet, Pilot from Ligne



A memorial in Ligne, France, to Henri Guillaumet, a pilot who lost his life in World War Two.





The memorial was placed on the 50th anniversary of his death.



MKTH photograph.

Agriculture du vendredi: Les Moutons


The 2020 Election, Part 1



But then. . was Lex Anteinternet: And in the end, it didn't even come to the floor. And some appointments.

We ran this item about the demise of House Bill 220, which would have imposed an income tax on out of state big retailers operating in the state, earlier this week:
Lex Anteinternet: And in the end, it didn't even come to the floor.: Lex Anteinternet: Opposition to the Big Box Tax, and to Lifting the ... : One of the bills that did well in the state House was the bill t...
That item reported on the bills demise.  Perhaps we reported too soon.

Discussions are underway in the Senate to pull the bill from the committee and put it in one that will put it on the Senate floor.  The bill has the support of Senate GOP leadership and it appears that efforts are underway to revive it.

Stay tuned.

Governor Gordon, meantime, has been making a lot of appointments to various agencies and board.  Retiring Gen. Luke Reiner, who was a lieutenant in the Guard back when I was a Sergeant, has been appointed to be the Director of the Wyoming Department of Transportation.  Reiner is a good sharp guy and will do a good job.  Mary Throne, Gordon's Democratic opponent in the recent Governor's race, was appointed to the Democratic slot on the Wyoming Public Service Commission.

February 23, 1919. Villa advances on Juarez


Which is news that would have seemed current a couple of years ago, and then seemed impossible, only to be current again.


Friday, February 22, 2019

The 2019 Legislative Session, Cross Over Bill dies in the Senate, Private School Bill gets sick in the House. No to drunken boating.

The cross over bill, the bill designed to stop late primary season party switching, died  11 to 14, with five Senators absent.

The bill was a priority for the Republican Party this year, to my surprise, and before I realized that I had predicted its failure.  I proved to be correct, but it did a lot better than I would have supposed quite frankly.

The bill sparked a really interesting counter bill for truly open primaries which would have been a uniquely democratic (small d) move which also failed, which is a bit of a shame.  It was radical, but it was radically democratic and would have caused Wyomingites to have to rethink the nature of these party elections, which is all that a primary actually is. Freed of the need to run in a party primary and freed of the requirement to vote only for the party you registered with, its pretty clear some recent Wyoming elections would have turned out differently while others, of course, would not have.  I can't see that any of the recent elections would have been impacted, but the two finalist going head to head in the general would have been different in almost all of the races, I suspect, for good or ill.

As it was, the bill that the GOP advanced would have been the second strictest primary registration bill in the United States had it passed, second only to New York.  As my other recent posts here have made pretty plain, I'm hugely unkeen on the recent selection of New Yorker politicians that have been constantly in the news one way or another so I can't say that I'd regard whatever their primary system to be to give me a whole lot of hope about things political.

Anyhow, the bill ran into trouble right off the bat and the leader of the Senate had to walk it through three or four committees before he found one that would introduce it to the Senate floor. That might have been a signal about it being in trouble.  Now its failed, although its not impossible that political maneuvering could reintroduce it.  If it is reintroduced, it will say a lot about current party control over the process.

One thing that may have occurred to some Senators is not only what UW kept pointing out. . . there was no evidence of a Democratic party switching tsunami in the last election and no evidence that it had an impact on the election. . . but that if UW is wrong what the bill would actually do is cage RINOs, as some call them, in the party.  People wouldn't have gotten back around to switching back into the Democratic Party prior to the next election, in all likelihood.  And Democrats worried about a Republican general move to the right would just move over early, given the lack of viable Democratic candidates as a rule.  The impact, in other words, would have made the center of the GOP larger.  At least that would have been what I feel likely to occur.  Talking to two non GOP folks who registered i the primary as Republicans both pretty much confirmed that if it passed, they were Republicans for life, and not in the way that those in the Republican right might be gladdened by.

Drunken boating is the topic of a bill that advanced.  Drunken boating is a real problem, and it appears that the state is really going to clamp down on it.

The bill designed to take certain considerations concerning private schools away from counties and vest them in the State's School Facility Board barely passed its first reading in the House.  If it doesn't get more votes than it did on its first reading, it will die.

This bill appears to have broken out into a really lively and unexpected debate in the House.  Indeed, the House has seen a lot of unexpected debate this year, which is a good sign.  One member raised the home rule issue and wondered why a bill was being passed that really addressed what was a local issue.  He suggested that those unhappy with the county of origin's actions, that being Teton County, ought to take that up in the next County Commissioner contest, a point that's hard to argue with.

But the really surprising challenged came from the right. . . that is, to the right of those who are backing this bill that addresses the concerns of the Friess sponsored school that got this topic rolling.  A Representative who home schools her children wondered if the state should deem it necessary to get involved in the facilities of private schools, would it sooner or later get involved with the same for home schooling, with curriculum being the specific thing mentioned.

I'll be frank that I know very little about home schooling in general and while I know good people and highly intelligent people who do it, I frankly wonder about its real viability for the most part in this modern age.  The topics that have to be addressed by schools are so vast that I don't know how a parent could frankly begin to do it, in most instances.  And I frankly thought that there was some state control over home schooling, in terms of what children must be educated in, but now that I think of it, I'm just assuming that and don't really know about it.  I've heard that.

Anyhow, the Representatives point is a good one as people like me do feel that there are certain topics, i.e, curricula, that people must be educated in and I would not be very sympathetic to a parent who chose to omit one for a philosophical reason.  So her fear is real.  Once you start going down a road, you are going down it.

Another point raised by a different House members is that schools sell.  Looking around the state and region, I see old schools from time to time that aren't schools any longer. Roosevelt isn't a school any more in my area, and up in O'Fallon County Montana, where I was the other day, an old grade school is now a brewery.

The reason that's important is if private schools get a pass on size, what's to keep them from later selling?  Nothing.  Indeed, I could see a crafty developer who wanted to build something big, build it in the pretext of it being a school, run it for a decade or less, and then sell it.  So much for planning then.

Anyhow, the session is wrapping up soon, and soon the stories on the 2019 Legislative Session will end.  Most folks here, I'm sure, won't miss them. 

February 22, 1919. Marching home, Germany ablaze and no Carey County.


The Saturday Evening Post featured a Rockwell portrayal of a stout looking American veteran marching with admiring young boys.  The hyper patriotic and hyper romantic portrayal doesn't portray the veteran as bemused by the display, which in reality would have been the likely reaction.

The stout child in the lead is wearing the type of service coat that the Boy Scouts still did at that time.

It's odd to think that in any such real world crowd, the children depicted here would have had a fairly high chance of seeing service in the Second World War.


While soldiers were returning, newspapers all over the country carried the frightening news that Germany seemed to be descending again into full scale civil war.

That sudden revived slide was caused by the assassination of Kurt Eisner in Bavaria, after which radical socialist and communists took action to seize the Bavarian government, only lately a monarchy, and proclaim it to be a "Soviet" republic that following April. Eisner was a socialist himself but was in the process of resigning his role in government when a right wing assassin took his life.  Government in Bavaria became chaotic as a result and for approximately one month the large important German state was ruled by a communist cabal in Munich until the Freikorps put it down in their characteristic fashion.

A communist revolution in Bavaria was always a highly odd thing in the first place as the state itself was quit conservative and heavily Catholic.  Munich was the exception, and would prove the exception again as the center of Nazi activity only shortly later.

At the same time as it appeared an internecine war was about to break out in Germany, the League of Nations was gaining real opposition in the United States.

Wyomingites also read that the legislature was wrapping up, which is usually a time of relief for all.  The legislature did not get around to approving a Carey County and therefore Governor Carey didn't have the opportunity to sign into law a county named after his father.  Indeed, such a county would never come into being.

Agriculture du vendredi: Les Moutons




MKTH Photographs

Some Gave All: Henri Guillaumet, Pilot from Ligne

Some Gave All: Henri Guillaumet, Pilot from Ligne:

Henri Guillaumet, Pilot from Ligne



A memorial in Ligne, France, to Henri Guillaumet, a pilot who lost his life in World War Two.





The memorial was placed on the 50th anniversary of his death.



MKTH photograph.

Thursday, February 21, 2019

Lex Anteinternet: Is Beer the Most Distributist Product Ever? It would appear so.

I posed that question here:
Lex Anteinternet: Is Beer the Most Distributist Product Ever?: Eh? Okay, let's start off with a definition refresher, as for many folks the term "Distributist" is a mystery. ...
And apparently the answer is yes.

 6-5-4 Recreational Ale by Old Skool Brewery in Baker Montana.

I was in Baker Montana earlier this week.  First time I've been there.

Baker is a tiny town even though its the county seat of Fallon County.  I'll post more about my observations regarding it here, but one thing that seemed to be the case (and which I'll mention in more detail later) is that the highly isolated very small farming town seems to be doing pretty well.  It lacks some of those things like access to big box stores and the like that small towns nearer larger ones have, and at least by observation, it's doing well without them . . . maybe because of not having access to them.

Anyhow, one thing about Baker is that, at least in my short tour de Baker, is that it lacks restaurants that are open at night (again, more in a moment), but its bars all serve food and at least the one I ate in the one night I ate there had a decent menu.

And it also had what turned out to be local brews.

I drove post the brewery, located in an old grade school, the next day and was stunned to see a town of this tiny size with a brewery/brew pub.  It turned out that the ale that I and everyone else in the bar had poured the prior evening (and there were a lot of people in the bar) was one of their brews.

I've noted this a lot in Wyoming.  In bars and restaurants its really common to find the local brews featured and people will order them over the big brewery beverages.  That's small "d" distributism in action. . . subsidiarity in suds.  People were doing that in Baker as well.

But that Baker, a highly isolated town a long. long ways from any even small sized city, would have a brewery. . . that's amazing.

Mueller Musings

On the television news today there was a report that special investigative attorney Mueller's report "may be released in a matter of days."

On the internet news the headline is that "Bombshell Mueller report may never be fully released.

I guess I should withhold judgement until whatever happens, if it happens, happens, but at this point a couple of comments:

1.  After all of this lead up, the entire freaking report should be released in full no matter what.

It should be released as putting the country through all of this and then just teasing the public with whatever it says would be cruel and stupid.  Cruel for obvious reasons, and stupid for the well known evidence of history that even pretending something is withheld leads to endless speculation.  Some are still speculating on the Kennedy assassination, for goodness sakes.  When I was a kid, a few still were speculating on the Lincoln murder.

And I don't care if its devastating to anyone.  The result of failing to disclose what was known about one person or another has given us entirely false histories on some thing, the internal history of the United States and the United Kingdom during the Cold War for one.   Were you aware that one of the leaders of the British Labor Party was known to have been a KGB informant until 1968 (this was learned after 1968) but British intelligence chose to keep it to themselves until fairly recently?  They shouldn't have.  Even now its denied, a la Alger Hiss style.

2.  I don't care if Mueller is the greatest lawyer on earth, this investigation is a good example of why you don't give special attorney generals open ended commissions or assign projects to lawyers who are 74 years old.  Commissions of this type should have a reasonable time limit to them in which they expire absent an extension so that the people assigned to them don't take two years to get a single investigation completed, if not longer than that.  If that's too much for the person assigned, it should go to somebody who can get it done.  If its too complicated to get done, as it turns out, report on that and why.  If commissions of the type issued by the United States were issued in ancient Rome, the report of the special investigator looking into the murder of Julius Caesar would be coming out "soon".

By saying all of this I'm not commenting on the quality of the investigation or its results.  It may be great work.  But if its work that would require or even suggest requiring impeachment, it's taken so long that the work will have been nearly completely pointless in this term (although it would certainly have some impact on a campaign for reelection) and even if Congress got rolling on that it would be literally all they would do for the next two years.  If it doesn't suggest that, whatever it has suggested, and its lead to an impressive number of indictments so far, its taken far too long to get there and its added endlessly to news cycle drama that's been dramatic enough as it was.

And in the end, it didn't even come to the floor.

Lex Anteinternet: Opposition to the Big Box Tax, and to Lifting the ...: One of the bills that did well in the state House was the bill to impose a sort of equalization tax on large entities that are multi state ..
The bill, that is, to tax the income of large out of state retailers.

Senator Cale Case, the conservative Fremont County legislator, favored the bill and, as a local businessman, was well situated to note that out of state retailers had taken advantage of Wyoming.  In the end, that didn't matter as the on slot of lobbyist and what not who descended on Cheyenne and the editorial pages of the newspapers, and which spread out to local Facebook campaigns and apparently lots of emails, raised the traditional fear in Wyoming of an income tax.

So the bill died.

In letting it die, the legislature, in a time in which money is short, basically voted to let those large out of state retailers keep money they'd already budgeted into their costs. So Wyoming consumers will continue to pay the same amount for things they buy at Sam's Club or Walmart.  The retailer will continue to keep the part they budgeted for taxes but which Wyoming doesn't impose.  Local businesses that struggle against big box giants will continue to do so, but then they would have anyhow.

The Tribune quoted Case, who delivered an apparently impassioned speech from the floor as stating:
When (small businesses) made profits, those profits stayed in the community,” he said. “Now, they’re scattered to stockholders all over the world. None of these companies’ headquarters are here; none of the value is spread over here.
And 
Most people haven’t thought about it for five minutes when they send me an email, saying they don’t support the tax,"
No matter, the Senator who was responsible for keeping the bill from coming to a vote even apparently disputed that Wyoming really has a budget problem, which is contrary to the general view.

Which gets to why this likely didn't pass, it's a matter of tax philosophies.

Yes, philosophies, a plural.

Now, we can't simply discount the onslaught of opposition, with most of that opposition really centered outside of our borders.  I understand why outfits like WalMart oppose a bill like this. . . they get to keep the money.  In their view, as most people identify their economic interest with societies' best interest, they likely feel that makes their bottom lines better and that's better for everyone.  If it means the demise of small businesses locally, well that's just progress or its not really thought of at all.

Indeed, for those who have grown up in the big box era, and that's now a lot of people, that's likely what the state of the world simply is like. There are a fair number of younger people who oppose big box retailers on a philosophical basis, but most people don't think of things like that.  So its easy for the Wyomingites who oppose income taxation in general to view this bill with suspicion.

And then there are those who regard a bill like this as the foot in the door, or the camel's nose under the tent, or stepping out on a slippery slope, or whatever the proper analogy is.  The thought is sure, I won't be paying an income tax today. . . but maybe in the future an income tax is expanded to apply to my business. . . or maybe I'll cross a state border and some other state will tax me if I get big (which in fact is already the case, they would).

Finally, there are those who really don't believe that the state has an income problem, but a spending one. The head of the committee that that killed the bill seems to be taking that view.  That same view was close to the "starve the government into conservatism" approach that some in the George Bush II administration advocated.  No money, smaller government, was the logic. That only partially worked in the Federal Government, but because the state government works differently, it really could have an impact of that type locally.  When things drop away, they tend to be the things that are more liberal, so to speak, than conservative.

And finally, there are those who oppose taxation that has a philosophical underpinning, which it can be argued that this might.  Closely related to that are those who simply oppose taxation except as necessary, on a philosophical basis.

Conversely, there are those who favor it, and Case was coming close to making a classic Distributist argument in his comments.  Tax the large out of state retailers to try to benefit the small local ones.  There's a real logic to that, but in order to make that work, the tax would have to be at a much, much, higher level.  Of course, Case didn't advocate that actually, but rather simply noted that this was a way for the state to try to recapture money it lost when local retailers went out of business.

Anyway you look at it, this effort appears dead this year and will likely be for the next several. Long term, what happens in the state's economy, something we've been recently exploring, may determine what the future of such efforts will have to be.

Sultans of Swing (metal cover by Leo Moracchioli featuring Mary Spender)



Really interesting heavy metal treatment of Dire Straits' Sultans of Swing.

Sultans of Swing was the then unknown rock band's tribute to a south London jazz band by that name, that one of the band's members had actually heard when stopping in a bar to get out of the rain, and in which a member of the jazz band actually did say "one more think. . . we are the Sultans of Swing".  The tribune song followed.

The song has always been an interesting one in that its a rock bands tribute to a jazz band which is getting ignored in the rock and roll era.  The "crowd of young boys hanging around in the corner" are criticized as they don't like jazz as it "ain't what they call rock and roll".

Dire Straits is a long ways from heavy metal but the song makes the transition surprisingly well in this mixed heavy metal/guitar rock tribune.  It's odd to think of how the song has that sort of staying power.  Mary Spender is a rock guitarist who has come up solely through net exposure and who is the representative of a line of guitars.  So the ironies of the song continue on it seems.

Wednesday, February 20, 2019

Working With Animals



I've tried to get this topic rolling here a couple of times, without much luck (as I'm the only one who stops in here). None the less, here's another go at it:

Society of the Military Horse • View topic - Working with Animal;s a Census and a Poll

If you can log in at SMH, please post an answer. If not, think about giving one here!

My prior efforts here:


I'm taking a bit of a poll, out of curiosity. It's decidedly unscientific, of course. Anyhow, of those people who stop in here (mostly just me, of course) how many have been in a career where they worked with animals.

If you have not, and most people will have not, how far back, if you know, do you have to go to find a person in your family who had a job working with animals. Any kind of job, farmer, rancher, artilleryman, whatever.

Epilogue:

 Draft horses and youth:

400714_555211947850572_615600276_n.jpg (JPEG Image, 714 × 960 pixels) - Scaled (90%)

Hay Wagon:

 406792_526087687429665_1981292773_n.jpg (JPEG Image, 960 × 739 pixels) - Scaled (80%)

Big Log:

549409_527898253915275_1025268720_n.jpg (JPEG Image, 586 × 432 pixels)

Harvesting Wheat:

531095_523488837689550_1468435760_n.jpg (JPEG Image, 960 × 714 pixels) - Scaled (83%)

Nice one of boy with pump handle and thirsty, or perhaps curious, cows:

https://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash3/942918_10151672452323156_1625712334_n.jpg

Nice photo showing urban draft horses.  Draft horses were a huge segment of the horse population up until mid 20th Century, with some railroads owning enormous numbers for in city freighting.  Urban drafts dominated the heavy horse market.

https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/575622_562252533813180_918873072_n.jpg
The Manitoba Cartage & Warehousing Co. was extensively engaged in agriculture and the breeding of Clydesdale horses. This is their award winning six horse hitch in Toronto in 1929. Photo by Cook and Gormley.

Added May 30, 2013.

_______________________________________________________________________________

Epilogue 2.

Recently there's been some queries about the procurement of horses by the various armies early in World War One.  It's popularly imagined that World War One was the end of the military horse era, but it wasn't.  Millions of horses were used in the war, particularly in the role of draft animals for transport and artillery, and the procurement of horses was a really big deal.

Anyhow, while this thread doesn't really deal with the topic, directly, of the military use of horses and World War One is long enough ago now that darned near everyone who served in it has passed on, there's some interesting topics that this raises, that I'm linking in here

Mobilizing the Horses, 1914.

Draft Remount Training.

British Remounts.

Women and remount training, WWI.

Training Remounts, 1922.

Date Added:  July 29, 2013.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Epilogue 3

I was a participant in a conversation the other day when somebody volunteered an opinion I hadn't thought of, specifically regarding the practice of law.  That this would end up being posted here, as a comment, I wouldn't have anticipated, but it was an interesting observation.

The specific observation was that the person making the query noted that it must have been enjoyable for some circuit riding lawyers of old to practice because of they rode.  That's an interesting observation.  It is true that American lawyers were sort of a mounted profession at one time, riding the circuit from town to town.  At least John Adams wrote of that in sort of romantic terms. Adams liked horses and he liked riding the circuit. He actually bought his last horse, to train, while he was in his 80s.

I'm sure that not everyone who rode a circuit liked it, but what that does cause me to wonder about is the extent to which everyday life for many people once involved animals, and now does not.  Now it involves pets for many people, but that's the note same thing.  The circuit riding lawyers horse, the ice man's draft horse, and so on were working companions.  I wonder if we haven't lost something, now that they're gone?

Epilogue 4

I've recently added a poll on this topic, for those who might find it interesting, now that there's a poll feature. 

Epilogue 5

  
 City of Houston, mounted police.

Epilogue 6

Recently this topic came up on the World War Two list in the context of armies that used mounted forces during World War Two, which is actually all of them.  This is a misunderstood part of the history of the Second World War, but all armies used horses to greater or lessor degrees.  In response that discussion, the bulk of which I left out, I noted this minor item in regards to the Marines on Okinawa (in addition to a lot of other items);
"Okinawa into service to a very limited extent, showing I guess how that generation contained people who retained equine knowledge."

That brought this response from another poster:
Pat,
That's an interesting point...how widespread would horse-knowledge be among Americans in say 1940? I would guess that a lot of farm life was still dictated by animal power, even though tractors (I am assuming here) had made inroads to American farm since the Model T. I have seen video of Model T's being used in all manners on a farm (using the tires to drive farm equipment via a belt for example).
I replied:
I'll babble on a bit as this is one of my favorite topics.  Indeed, I can probably link in some old SMH threads on this very topic.

Automobiles actually hit the US like a storm starting just prior to World War One.   The Model T was truly revolutionary as it was so widely affordable.  Still, horses remained a much more common means of transportation and work "horsepower" than people imagine today.

Going back to prior to the Great War, the largest single owners of horses in the US and Canada were the railroads.  Railroads had huge numbers of heavy draft horses, and their needs were so predominant that they dominated the draft horse market.  People today like to imagine that heavy drafts were "farm" horses, but they were only farm horses as farmers bread them for sale to draft users in the cities, i.e., railroads and local transportation haulers.  Farmers themselves preferred "chunks", a smaller type of draft animal, but the numbers really began to decline in that category in the early 20th Century.  Anyhow, huge numbers of horses were actually maintained in towns by commercial users.

By WWI local haulers had started to switch to trucks, but horses remained very common, and they continued to remain very common on in to the 1920s.  Horse use in agriculture also remained very common, even with small gasoline engine tractors (by our standards today) making real inroads.

The Great Depression slowed rural mechanization down a great deal, and many farmers who would have switched to tractors chose not to or could not afford to during the 1930s, so horses hung on in farming in a major way.  In local commercial transportation horses greatly declined in the 1930s, but they did not disappear.  You can still find horses in common use for some sorts of urban hauling.  Both my parents, for example, could recall ice being delivered for domestic use by a man who came with a horse drawn wagon.  I have a photo from the 1940s of the City of Montreal clearing snow with a horse drawn snow plow, taken by my mother.

It was really the immediate post war period that picked back up the pace of mechanization in agriculture and eliminated the urban hauling with finality.  There were still regular farmers who used horse or mules as late as the 1950s, but they were very much on the decline.  A friend of mine whose father I knew fairly well once showed me a photo taken of him using the family's mules for the very last time, the summer he reported for basic training during the Korean War.  With his father dead, and with his leaving for the Army, his mothers and brother decided that the time had come for a tractor.

On the other hand, one additional thing to keep in mind is that most town and city dwellers in the US hadn't been horse users for a very long time.  Even in the late 19th Century, when horses were common for all uses, people in towns largely did not use them.  Just too hard to keep in town.  Rural people used them, but those who lived inside a town limit tended not to, as it just wasn't practical to keep one.  Only the wealthy could afford to do so. So, for that reason, it was really the bicycle not the automobile, that was seen at first as a real revolution in transportation for the common man.

So, I guess to answer the question a little more directly, with a much larger percentage of our population living on farms (or ranches, which still use horses today), and with some ongoing urban use, horse familiarity would have been much higher than it is today, but at the same point in time, it would not have been common knowledge amongst most troops either.
  But it was this reply by another participant I wanted to note:
My dad's and mom's families' farms in Missouri still used horses through WWII. They didn't get tractors until well after the war.

Epilogue 7.

Our comments on Horsepower, the equine age.

Epilogue 8

Just the news story my 53 year old self wants to read on a Sunday morning prior to a really busy Monday morning.
RED LODGE, Mont. — Blowing up dead animals was “just part of the deal” in the 16 seasons Nolan Melin worked as a backcountry horse packer and trail crew member for the Forest Service.
“You’ve got to get rid of them,” he said matter-of-factly about a pretty unusual occurrence.
Otherwise, a dead horse or mule might attract bears to a wilderness trail, which is dangerous for humans and the bears.
Horse packing is a skill few people possess in this digital, mechanized age. The profession harkens back to a simpler time when horsepower actually involved a real horse.
In the Forest Service’s Region 1, which encompasses 25 million acres spread across five states, there are only eight full-time horse packers with another 25 who include that specialty in their other duties. So that made Melin a rare breed.
Traute Parrie, retired Beartooth District ranger, said, “When I got to the Beartooth District ranger job, it was some combination of humbling and thrilling to realize I’d landed on a district where we still had a permanent packer, a rare thing these days. It spoke to the values that this district holds important.”
The reality is that it’s also a punishing profession — lifting heavy loads as well as dealing with horses and mules that sometime possess a mind of their own. Most horse packers have several tales about a wild blow up, when animals bucked loose and took off for points unknown.
“Mules are unforgiving if you don’t understand them,” Melin said. “I love those old mules, but they knew who was boss and who they could walk over.”
Worn out at the age of 36, after years of heavy lifting and being thrown from his mount a few times, Melin is stepping down from his job as packer for the Beartooth Ranger District to work in Miles City, Montana. The new job will be closer to his hometown. He grew up on a ranch outside of Ashland.
Different people react differently to a story like this.  I sent it around to a collection of friends and an older one, perhaps now approaching 70, simply lamented how this news story reports the subject as broken down at 36.  There's something to that.  But, for a person who loves the outdoors but who spends every day in offices, imaging an occupation outdoors with horses and mules can't help but seem, well, romantic.

March 16, 2017

Epilogue 9



I ran this earlier this week and then considered that it really ought to be added to this thread.

I know that the German Army, as well as the Austrian army, retained horses and mules in a mountain troop role.  And for that matter I know why they do, so this story isn't a surprise to me.

I have to admit that from the vantage point of my office window or the deposition hall, I have to wonder if I were German or Austrian I would have opted for something like this rather than the direction I took.  That's easy to say, after all, as the probable answer is probably not, given as I'm not working for the Forest Service or the Game & Fish, etc.

Still, it's hard, at least for those of us with a certain mindset, not to look at scenes like this and be a bit envious, something I'm sure that surprises others.

FWIW, horses in a military role and rural police setting role remain highly viable in certain settings are are undoubtedly underused, rather than underused.

February 20, 2019