Wednesday, June 23, 1943. Arrests in France, Elections in Ireland.

The "Prosper" network of SOE agents in France, including French woman Andrée Borrel, Francis Suttill, and Gilbert were arrested by the Gestapo after being betrayed by an informer.

Borrel.

 

They'd be executed on July 6, 1944.  Execution would have been legal under the norms of war of the day, as they were spies, but the method was bizarre in that they were rendered unconscious through injection and then burned alive.

As previously noted, the SOE, which frankly was quite amateurish in Europe, had been penetrated by the Germans.

Sarah Sundin reports:

Today in World War II History—June 23, 1943: President Roosevelt establishes American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas (“Monuments Men”).

She also notes that the coal strike in Appalachia was settled, but that President Roosevelt threatened to conscript the miners if it occurred again. 

In Ireland's general election t Fianna Fáil, led by Éamon de Valera, failed to gain a majority but was able to form a minority government.

Saturday, June 21, 1923. Somewhere West of Laramie and somewhere near Hutchinson, Kansas.

Earlier this week, we noted this:

Thursday, June 21, 1923. Dawn of the advertising age. Somewhere West Of Laramie.

The modern advertising age dawned on this day in 1921 with an ad for the Jordan Playboy automobile:

Today In Wyoming's History: June 21: 1923   This advertisement first ran in the Saturday Evening Post:

The advertisement is the most famous car ad of all time, and the ad itself revolutionized advertising.  Based on the recollection of the Jordan Motor Car Company's founder in seeing a striking mounted girl outside of Laramie, while he was traveling by train, the advertisement is all image, revealing next to nothing about the actual product.  While the Jordan Motor Car Company did not survive the Great Depression, the revolution in advertising was permanent.

Anyway you look at it, it's still a great ad.

This, by the way, is the print date.  The actual issue of the magazine would be a few days later.

On this date, the advertisement actually ran.  I've always thought that it ran in the form set out above, but there were multiple versions, and it would appear that in actuality, the version below is the one that ran.

It's similiar.

But I like the one set out at the very top better.

Sculptor Guzon Borglum began carving the Stone Mountain Memorial bas-relief.  He'd work on the Confederate memorial until 1925, and then abandon the project, blasting his carving of Robert E. Lee off the mountain.  None of his work at Stone Mountain remains.

Harding stopped in Hutchinson, Kansas.

Summer themes were the topic of illustrations on the weekly magazines.

Saturday, May 29, 1943. The "real" Rosie the Riveter

The Saturday Evening Post ran Norman Rockwell's illustration of Rosie the Riveter.

I wrote about this earlier here, although I did not post the iconic image as it's copyrighted:\

Sarah Sundin's blog has a number of interesting items in it:

J. Howard Miller's little seen "We Can Do It" poster.  Note the "Post Feb. 15 to Feb 28" notation on the poster.

Today in World War II History—February 15, 1943: J. Howard Miller’s “We Can Do It” poster, now identified with Rosie the Riveter, is first posted at Westinghouse for a two-week in-house campaign.

The poster is one of the most recognizable in history now.  Ironically, it was little known to the World War Two generation itself, and only became widely known some forty years later.  In this sense, it's much like the "Keep Calm And Carry On" British poster, which was so rare in World War Two that it's debated if it was put up at all.

The poster, which is in fact not particularly skillfully executed, was limited to 1,800 runs and 17" x 22" in side.  In its original posting, it was put up only in Westinghouse factories, and in fact the female subject in the image wears a Westinghouse Electric floor employee badge. The workers who would have seen it were engaged in making helmet liners, and the poster was part of a gentle effort, in part, from dissuading strikes.  It was part of a 42 poster series by Miller.

Miller himself may be regarded as a somewhat obscure illustrator.  He was busy during World War Two and issued other posters that had an industrial theme.

Miller's female worker was based on a photograph of Geraldine Doyle, nee Hoff or Naomi Parker, it isn't really clear which, although some claim that it's definitely Parker.  It might have been both women, and more than just the two. The poster was painted from a photograph or photographs, and not a live model.

During the war itself, the Rockwell Saturday Evening Post illustration of a stout, defiant female riveter was the accepted depiction of Rosie the Riveter.  Rockwell, with his keen eye for detail, had painted "Rosie" on her lunch box.  

The name, Rosie the Riveter, was first used in a song by that name by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb, recorded by The Four Vagabonds, which came out prior to Rockwell's May 1943, illustration.  The song, in turn, had been inspired by a newspaper column about 19-year-old Rosalind P. Walter who had gone to work as a riveter in Stratford Connecticut as part of the war effort. The model for the Rockwell painting was not an industrial worker, but a telephone operator, Mary Doyle Keefe, née, perhaps ironically, Doyle, who was Rockwell's neighbor.  She actually posed for a photograph for Rockwell's photographer, rather than for Rockwell live.

Keefe, who was not yet married, didn't like the painting as Rockwell had made her image so beefy, for which he apologized.  She attended Temple University, became a dental hygienist, married and passed away in 2015 at age 92.  Rosalind P. Walter went on in later life to become quite wealthy and was a noted philanthropist, particularly supporting public television.  She died in 2020 at age 95.

J. Howard Miller lived until 2004, but remained obscure, unlike his famous poster.

It should be noted that the depiction of the women and their story itself is interesting.  Vermonter Keefe was the daughter of a logger, but was obviously from a solid middle class Catholic family, something that would not have been surprising in any fashion at the time. As noted, she was not an industrial worker herself.  Geraldine Doyle worked only very briefly as an industrial worker in 1942, quitting as she feared injuring her hands as she was a cellist.  She later married a dentist later in 1943.  They met in a bookstore.  While her association with the painting is disputed, her World War Two factory photograph is remarkably similar to the poster.  Parker was employed in a factory prior to the war and continued to be during it.

The Miller image is used for a sign on the outside of the Rosie the Riveter WWII Home Front National Historical Park in California, a Federal park dedicated to the World War Two home front.  World War Two, immediately following the Great Depression, had an enormous and permeant (and probably not good, really) impact on California, so the location is well placed.

The Rockwell image is, in my view, so much better than the poster variant that's come to be lionized it isn't even funny.  I'm not saying the Miller version is bad, but it doesn't compare to the Rockwell illustration that appeared the day before Memorial Day, 1943. 

Note also that the Saturday Evening Post went with something bold and defiant, and actually female, rather than the endless maudlin posts you'll see this Memorial Day.  Indeed, offhand, I can't find any of the national media that sought to inspire guilt, as current recollection so often do.

Saturday, May 12, 1923. Operations Plan 712.

The Country Gentleman went to press with an illustration of a cow, a fitting illustration for today, which is the day we normally run far related posts.

Sigh. . . 

Lieutenant Colonel Earl Hancock "Pete" Ellis died in Palau.  He was the author of Operations Plan 712: Advanced Base Operations in Micronesia, which became the basis of the American amphibious campaign during World War Two.

A brilliant career Marine, who had entered the Corp in 1900 as a private, he had been on an intelligence gathering mission in the Far East at the time of his death in Palau, a fact which gave rise to rumors that the Japanese had poisoned whiskey he was drinking.  In reality, the whiskey itself was likely the poison, as Ellis was a severe alcoholic who likely finally succumbed to the natural implications of that condition.

Judge went to press with an illustration that featured a play on words.

The Chinese bandit kidnapping drama continued.

Saturday, April 28, 1923. Measuring

The Saturday magazines were out.

The SS Deutschland was launched. The passenger ship of the Hamburg American line would go into Kreigsmarine service in 1940 as an accommodation ship.  In 1945 she was converted to a hospital ship but insufficient paint existed in order to paint her entirely white.  She was sunk in May 1945.

Wembley Stadium hosted its first event.

McGreen & Harris, 4/28/23

Williams ran a wordless classic.

Thursday, April 19, 1923. Oil leasing.

Life magazine, capitalizing on the Egyptian craze then in vogue due to the discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb, issued its famous Egyptian number issue, which we post here via Reddit's 100 Years Ago today sub.

The Tribune had a banner headline on an issue that was actually important to Wyomingites, state oil leasing.

Saturday, April 14, 1923. Waiting Dates, Young Couples, Racist Organizations Where You Wouldn't Expect Them.

It was Saturday, and the Saturday Evening Post chose to run an illustration of a woman waiting, presumably on a date.

The Country Gentleman illustration depicted a young couple applying for a marriage license, with a caption below that would be regarded as racist today, but which was still common for complete independence when I was young.

The Lansing-Ishii Agreement which had defined Japanese and American spheres of influence in China was abrogated after six years of being in effect due to Chinese objections regarding the agreement.

The Tribune reported on a tidal wave in Japan, and Irish plots against the British, but the really shocking news was the visitation of the Ku Klux Klan to the Emmanuel Baptist Church in Casper at 15th and Popular Streets.  There is no church there today, that location featuring a gas station, two apartment buildings, and a traffic island..

An Emmanuel Baptist Church still exists in Casper, but it's in North Casper today.  I have no idea of there being any connection between the two or not.

Emmanuel Baptist Church, Casper Wyoming

Not the best photograph, by any means, we admit.

Emmanuel Baptist Church in North Casper, Wyoming.

Apparently the same group had visited the Baptist church located at 5th and Beech street earlier.  That Church structure is no longer there either, but a subsequent structure built in 1949 remains, however it is no longer a Baptist Church.

First Baptist Church, Casper Wyoming

This is the First Baptist Church in Casper, Wyoming. It's one of the Downtown churches in Casper, in an area that sees approximately one church per block for a several block area.

This particular church was built in 1949, and sits on the same block as Our Savior's Lutheran Church.

Changes in Downtown Casper. First Presbyterian becomes City Park Church, the former First Baptist Church.

I debated on whether to put this entry here or on our companion blog, Lex Anteinternet.  In the end, I decided to put it up here first and then link it over. This will be one of a couple of posts of this type which explore changes, this one with a local expression, that have bigger implications.

When we started this blog, some of the first entries here were on churches in downtown Casper.  These included the First Presbyterian Church and the First Baptist Church, with buildings dating to 1913 and 1949 respectively.  First Baptist, it should be noted, has occupied their present location, if not their present church, for a century.

Indeed, while I wasn't able to get it to ever upload, I have somewhere a video of the centennial of the First Presbyterian Church from 2013, featuring, as a church that originally had a heavy Scots representation ought to, a bagpipe band.  Our original entry on that church building is right below:

First Presbyterian Church, Casper Wyoming

This Presbyterian Church is located one block away from St. Mark's Episcopal Church and St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church, all of which are separated from each other by City Park.

The corner stone of the church gives the dates 1913 1926. I'm not sure why there are two dates, but the church must have been completed in 1926.

Well, since that centennial, First Presbyterian has been going through a constant set of changes, as noted in our entry here:

Grace Reformed at City Park, formerly First Presbyterian Church, Casper Wyoming

This isn't a new addition to the roll of churches here, but rather news about one of them.  We formerly posted on this church here some time ago:

Churches of the West: First Presbyterian Church, Casper Wyoming: This Presbyterian Church is located one block away from St. Mark's Episcopal Church and St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church, all of whi...

People who have followed it would be aware that the Presbyterian churches in the United States are undergoing a period of rift, and this church has reflected that.  The Presbyterian Church, starting in the 1980s, saw conflict develop between liberal and more conservative elements within it which lead to the formation of the "moderate conservative" EPC.  As I'm not greatly familiar with this, I'll only note that the EPC is associated with "New School Presbyterianism" rather than "Old School" and it has adopted the motto  "In Essentials, Unity; In Non-Essentials, Liberty; In All Things, Charity. Truth in Love.".

The change in name here is confusing to an outsider in that this church is a member of the EPC, but it's no longer using its original name.  As it just passed the centennial of its construction, that's a bit unfortunate in some ways. 

We'd also note that the sought set of stairs is now chained off.  We're not sure why, but those stairs must no longer be used for access.

The changes apparently didn't serve to arrest whatever was going on, as there's a sign out in front of the old First Presbyterian, later Grace Reformed, that starting on February 23, it'll be City Park Church.

City Park Church, it turns out, is the name that the congregation that presently occupies another nearby church, First Baptist Church, will call its new church building, which is actually a much older building than the one it now occupies, which is depicted here:

First Baptist Church, Casper Wyoming

This is the First Baptist Church in Casper, Wyoming. It's one of the Downtown churches in Casper, in an area that sees approximately one church per block for a several block area.

This particular church was built in 1949, and sits on the same block as Our Savior's Lutheran Church.

What's going on?

Well, it's hard to say from the outside, which we are, but what is pretty clear is that the rifts in the Presbyterian Church broke out, in some form, in the city's oldest Presbyterian Church to the point where it ended up changing its name, and then either moving out of its large church, and accompanying grounds, or closing altogether.  I've never been in the building but I'm told that its basement looked rough a couple of years ago and perhaps the current congregation has other plans or the grounds and church are just too much for it.  At any rate, the 1949 vintage building that First Baptist occupies is apparently a bit too small for its needs and it had taken the opportunity to acquire and relocate into the older, but larger, church.  It can't help but be noted that both churches have pretty large outbuildings as well. Also, while they are both downtown, the 1913 building is one of the three very centrally located old downtown Casper churches, so if church buildings have pride of place, the Baptist congregation is moving into a location which has a little bit more of one.

While it will be dealt with more in another spot, or perhaps on Lex Anteinternet, the entire thing would seem to be potentially emblematic of the loss that Christian churches that have undergone a rift like the Presbyterian Church in the United States has sustained when they openly split between liberal and conservative camps.  The Presbyterian Church was traditionally a fairly conservative church, albeit with theology that was quite radical at the time of its creation.  In recent years some branches of that church have kept their conservatism while others have not and there's been an open split.  As noted elsewhere this has lead in part to a defection from those churches in a lot of localities, and a person has to wonder if something like that may have happened here, as well as wondering if the obvious fact that a split has occurred would naturally lead to a reduction in the congregation as some of its members went with the other side.  We've noted here before that the Anglican Community locally not only has its two Episcopal Churches in town, but that there are also two additional Anglican Churches of a much more theologically conservative bent, both of which are outside of the Episcopal Diocese of Wyoming.

A person can't really opine, from the outside, if something like this is "sad" or not, but it's certainly a remarkable event.  We've noted church buildings that have changed denominations of use before, but this is the first one where we've actually witnessed it.  And in this case, the departing denomination had occupied their building for a century.

In both instances, the small KKK group was there for the odd purpose of noting something they approved of.  

On the changes in the linked in article, while I'm not completely certain, I believe that no congregation is presently using the old First Baptist Church, and the old Presbyterian Church continued to undergo denominational changes.  It's something affiliated with Presbyterianism in some fashion, but I don't know how.

Amalgamated Bank, the largest union owned bank, forms.

The National League of Women's Voters voted against endorsing the League of Nations while simultaneously urging the US to associate with other nations to help prevent war, a mixed message.

Saturday, March 10, 1923. Hoover on Prosperity

 

Saturday, March 6, 1943. Fredendall out, Patton in. Rommel's swan song in North Africa. Freedom from Want. Stalin promotes himself while his Party praises him with B.S.

Wyomingite Maj. Gen. Lloyd Fredendall was relieved of his command of II Corps and replaced by Maj. Gen. George S. Patton.

Patton as a Lieutenant General

Patton, widely regarded as the premier American expert on armored warfare, was very quickly promoted to Lt. General.  Fredendall was assigned stateside duty.  His reputation never recovered after Kasserine Pass, and he did not return to Cheyenne in later years.  He died in 1963 in California, having retired from the Army in 1946.

Fredendall was twice appointed to West Point and twice dropped out.  Senator F. E. Warren was willing to appoint him a third time, but the Academy was unwilling to accept him.  He instead attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and thereafter entered the Army in 1907.  His trouble at West Point was with math, which ironically was also very problematic for the home educated George S. Patton.  His performance in World War One was excellent.

His home state has forgotten him.

The Battle of Medenine was fought in Tunisia.  It was a spoiling attack by the Afrika Korps which resulted in a costly defeat.  It was also Rommel's last command action in North Africa.

Things were going downhill for the Axis in North Africa quickly.

Freedom from Want appeared in the Saturday Evening Post.  It proved to be the most popular of the four freedom's illustrations, and is regarded as one of Rockwell's best.  The accompanying essay was by Phlipinno, immigrant Carlos Sampayan Bulosan.

I wonder to what extent we've forgotten this freedom?

Joseph Stalin, who put many into the want of starvation, promoted himself to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.  Contemporaneously, the Soviet Communist Party proclaimed him "the greatest strategist of all times and all peoples".

M'eh.

Unfortunately, his adopted home has not forgotten him and has drawn the wrong conclusions about his leadership.  First siding with the Germans during World War Two, his miscalculation about what he could extract from them in order to join the war against the British Empire led to the Germans charging ahead with a war against the Soviet Union for which it was not prepared.  It took two years for the USSR to form a sufficient armed mob in order to counter to begin to throw the Germans back, which relied on, in spite of wanting to ignore it, massive Western Allied support.

The Battle of Blackett Strait was fought between the U.S. Navy and the Japanese Imperial Navy.

A small engagement, the Japanese lost 100% of their two destroyer force.

March 3, 1923. Time.

The first issue of Time magazine hit the stands and bore the date of this Saturday, the traditional day for magazines to so appear.  It actually hit the stands on February 24.

Joseph Cannon, the long serving Speaker of the House, was retiring, and hence featured on the cover of the magazine.

Cannon taking down pictures from his office wall on this day in 1923.

The contents of the first issue were impressive, but many of the articles were very short.

NATION

PRESIDENCY: Mr. Harding's Defeat (National Affairs / PRESIDENCY)

Seeking only the nation's welfare, Mr. Harding has suffered defeat at the hands of Congress. Not only that, but the man who was elected President by the largest plurality in history has been reproved by a Congress controlled by his own party.

The Ship Subsidy Bill, never popular, and never made so by the President, was politely strangled to death.

The wisdom of some of the most important of the President's appointments has been questioned. For example, Daugherty, Butler, Reily.

The Bonus ghost is not laid.

Nothing which has recently emanated from the White House which could be called a foreign policy has secured the united support of the President's party.

Today Mr. Harding is prepared to draw a deep breath, for Congressional politics will soon drop over the horizon. After a short holiday in Florida he will gather about him the business men of his cabinet and continue to manage the affairs of the nation, untrammeled until a new Congress rises—from the West.

National Affairs: In 1924 (National Affairs)

National Affairs: A New World Court (National Affairs)

THE CABINET: Postmaster-General New (National Affairs / THE CABINET)

National Affairs: Work of the 67th (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Unfinished Business (National Affairs)

The 67th will receive both praise and blame for what it left undone. Among a mass of interesting business which it will probably hand down to Number 68, there are seventy-seven proposed amendments to the Constitution, including:

An amendment that would prevent issuance of tax-exempt securities.

An amendment to inaugurate the President and seat Congress in January instead of March, following election.

An amendment to provide a minimum wage law.

An amendment that would permit Congress to regulate the employment of women and of children under 18 years of age.

And also bills proposing:

A ship subsidy.

A soldier bonus.

Revised immigration regulations.

National Affairs: Uncle Joe (National Affairs)

National Affairs: New Leaders (National Affairs)

National Affairs: No Extra Session Predicted (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Republican Leadership (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Again, the Bonus (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Death by Filibuster (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Liquidation, Humiliation (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Farm Credits (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Immigration (National Affairs)

National Affairs: The Norris Bill (National Affairs)

SUPREME COURT: Important Cases (National Affairs / SUPREME COURT)

National Affairs: A New Formality (National Affairs)

ARMY & NAVY: General Allen's Return (National Affairs / ARMY & NAVY)

National Affairs: Armament Limitation (National Affairs)

National Affairs: The Cronkhite Case (National Affairs)

WOMEN: Mrs. Pinchot Plans (National Affairs / WOMEN)

National Affairs: Black Mammy (National Affairs)

In dignified and quiet language, two thousand Negro women of the Phyllis Wheatley Y. W. C. A. protested against a proposal to erect at the Capitol a statue to "The Black Mammy of the South." A spokesman carried the resolution to Vice President Coolidge and Speaker Gillette and begged them to use their influence against "the reminder that we come from a race of slaves."

This, of course, will rebuke forever the sentimentalists who thought they were doing honor to a character whom they loved. They desired to immortalize a person famous in song and legend. But that person's educated granddaughters snuffed out the impulse by showing that they are ashamed of her.

National Affairs: Mrs. Willebrandt (National Affairs)

National Affairs: New York Protests (National Affairs)

National Affairs: The Mexican Border (National Affairs)

Two plans for drying up the Mexican border have found their way to Washington. One is a request by the Federated Clubwomen of the Imperial Valley, Cal., that Secretary Hughes " close" the border at sundown to persons under 21 years of age, in order to protect their children. The other is a rumor from Mexico City, to the effect that the government is considering establishment of a dry belt 50 miles wide, along the border. So far it is only a rumor.

National Affairs: The Marriage at Cana (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Light Wines and Beer (National Affairs)

LABOR: A School for Strikers (National Affairs / LABOR)

COAL: Profiteering? (National Affairs / COAL)

National Affairs: THE STATES (National Affairs)

National Affairs: Political Notes: Mar. 3, 1923 (National Affairs)

WORLD

Foreign News: No Weakening (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Economic Factors (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Violence (Foreign News)

Foreign News: France Will Stay (Foreign News)

Foreign News: German Resistance (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Intervention Proposed (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Lithuania vs. Poland (Foreign News)

BRITISH EMPIRE: The Week in Parliament Mar. 3, 1923 (Foreign News / BRITISH EMPIRE)

Foreign News: The Ruhr from London (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Lord Robert Coming (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Taxes (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Irish Pot-Pourri (Foreign News)

FRANCE: Delcassé (Foreign News / FRANCE)

Foreign News: General Lyautey (Foreign News)

GERMANY: Arithmetic (Foreign News / GERMANY)

ITALY: Fascismo and the Masons (Foreign News / ITALY)

Foreign News: HOLLAND (Foreign News)

Foreign News: DANZIG (Foreign News)

Foreign News: AUSTRIA (Foreign News)

RUSSIA: Famine (Foreign News / RUSSIA)

Foreign News: Soviet Justification (Foreign News)

Foreign News: CZECHO-SLOVAKIA (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Turkey: Mar. 3, 1923 (Foreign News)

Foreign News: KOREA (Foreign News)

JAPAN: Kato Against the Peers (Foreign News / JAPAN)

Foreign News: Age, Wealth, and Votes (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Witty Hanihara (Foreign News)

CHINA: Dr. Schurman Speaks (Foreign News / CHINA)

Foreign News: Dr. Sun and the British (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Bolivia (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Chile (Foreign News)

Foreign News: Mexico (Foreign News)

SCIENCE

Science: Digging Up History

Science: Old Age for New Wine

HEALTH & MEDICINE

Medicine: A Baby's Heart (Medicine)

Medicine: Sight Without Eyes (Medicine)

Medicine: Publicity (Medicine)

SOCIETY

Crime: Counterfeiters (Crime)

Crime: Miscellaneous (Crime)

Crime: Less Crime (Crime)

PRESS

The Press: Public Service (The Press)

The Press: It Pays to Be Decent (The Press)

The Press: The Kept Press (The Press)

RELIGION

Religion: Methodists in Russia

The Russian Soviet government has requested that a committee be appointed from the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church to help reorganize the churches of Russia. The Soviet government has found in the social creed of the Methodist Episcopal Church of America the following principles: Protection of the worker from forced unemployment, old age pensions, minimum wage, reduction of hours of labor to the lowest practicable point, and the most equitable division of the product of industry which can be devised. (This creed was adopted by the Methodists in 1912).

Bishop Nuelsen of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who recently returned from Russia, reports that the Soviet no longer interferes with the worship of any sect that does not oppose the government. Three Methodist Episcopal bishops will go to Moscow in April to present the social creed to the government for approval and to cooperate in working out the destinies of the badly disorganized Russian Church.

Religion: Coincidence?

The Catholic churches of Canada are proving suspiciously inflammable. In the last nine months the three oldest shrines in the ancient province of Quebec have been destroyed by fire—St. Anne de Beaupré noted for its miraculous cures; the Trappist monastery at Oka, and the Basilica at Quebec. The Basilica was built in 1647 and contained magnificent windows and irreplaceable historical documents. The loss was $1,000,000.

Sixteen large churches have burned, and smaller fires have been numerous. At first the blame was laid upon overheated furnaces or defective wiring. But, as fire after fire occurred and only Roman Catholic churches were destroyed, incendiarism was suspected. Staid insurance journals, never influenced by casual rumor, regard human agency as probable; fire insurance underwriters will insure Catholic churches only to a limited extent and at high rates.

If the object of the incendiaries is an attack upon the Church their methods are ingeniously calculated to defeat their own ends. Popular feeling both in America and in Canada is strongly in sympathy with the churchless Catholics.

Religion: A New Church

Under their Bishop-elect, Adrot, several thousand Roman Catholic priests have founded in France a new Church. The tradition of celibacy of the clergy is 1,000 years old, but they have decided to break with this tradition. Bishops of similar churches in Holland, Switzerland, Poland, Czecho-Slovakia and Hungary will be present at Adrot's consecration, which is scheduled for late in April. Two of these had been duly consecrated as bishops before their break with Rome. The new church therefore claims apostolic succession, and the same authoritative basis as the Church of England.

Catholic and Lutheran organizations appeared before the United States Supreme Court to contest the Nebraska school law. The law prohibits religious instruction for pupils below the eighth grade in public, private, and parochial schools, except after dark and on Sundays. Both churches protest that the statute is an invasion of their constitutional rights.

The Reverend Doctor R. S. MacArthur, 81, died on February 25 at Daytona Beach, Fla. He was President of the Baptist World Alliance, and pastor of the Calvary Baptist Church, New York, for 41 years. He retired in 1911, and resigned as pastor emeritus of the church in 1922 when his successor, Dr. John Roach Stratton, held a debate with William A. Brady on stage and pulpit morals.

SPORT

Sport: Greb vs. Tunney

Sport: New World's Records: Mar. 3, 1923

Sport: Firpo

BUSINESS

Finance: Hopefully Complex (Finance)

Finance: Rising Cycle of Business (Finance)

Finance: Reserve Bank's Foresight (Finance)

Finance: Effect on Money Market (Finance)

Finance: Test of the System (Finance)

AERONAUTICS: Chicago to New York (Aeronautics)

AERONAUTICS: A Successful Helicopter (Aeronautics)

AERONAUTICS: A Dreadnaught (Aeronautics)

EDUCATION

Education: Athens and Rome Revive

Education: A View of All the World

Education: Boys Who Are Mad

Education: Federal Control

LAW

Law: Abolishing Reno

Law: International Divorce

Law: A Simple Code

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Books: Black Oxen* (Books)

Art: A Brightness from the Past (Art)

The Theatre: First Nights (The Theatre)

Mr. Zukor's Story (Cinema)

Music: Boston (Music)

Books: The Best Books (Books)

The Theatre: Expressionism (The Theatre)

The Theatre: The Best Plays: Mar. 3, 1923 (The Theatre)

Theatre Notes, Mar. 3, 1923 (Theatre)

New Pictures: Mar. 3, 1923 (Cinema)

Music: Detroit (Music)

Music: New York (Music)

Music: Philadelphia (Music)

Books: Sophisticates (Books)

Books: Shantih, Shantih, Shantih (Books)

Art: Cubism on the Wane (Art)

MISCELLANY

Miscellany: Mar. 3, 1923

TIME brings all things.

Imaginary Interviews

MILESTONES

Milestones: Mar. 3, 1923

TO OUR READERS

Point With Pride: 

View with Alarm: 

All of the above is from Time magazine's website.

Time was and is a major news magazine.  At one time, it dominated a certain category of news.  My father subscribed to it, and to Newsweek, and reading them was something I routinely did, and enjoyed doing, from some point in my childhood up until I moved away for university.

Because of his occupation, he also subscribed to Life, at one time Look, and People.  Today, only Time and People survive as weekly print magazines.

The Saturday Evening Post went with the tried and true pretty lady cover.

The 67th Congress adjourned.  On this, its last day, it rejected Harding's proposal to join the World Court.

Saturday, February 27, 1943. Mining disaster in Montana.

"Freedom of Worship", the second in Rockwell's four freedoms illustrations, ran in the Saturday Evening Post along with an essay on the topic by Will Durant.

An explosion and resulting carbon monoxide poisoning killed 74 minders in Montana's Smith Mine No. 3.  The horrible incident remains Montana's worst mining disaster.

The final arrest and expulsion of Jews from Berlin and other large German cities commenced.

The British landed on the island of Herm in the English Channel, but found that it was not occupied.  Because of their landing spot, residents of the island were not aware that their countrymen had landed.

1943  Bishop Count Konrad von Preysing, Catholic Bishop of Berlin, made another in a series of outspoken attacks on Nazi rule. In a pastoral letter issued throughout Germany he protested against totalitarianism, the execution of hostages and the Jewish persecution, stating "It is a Divine principle that the life of an innocent individual, whether an unborn child or an aged person, is sacred, and that the innocent shall not be punished with the guilty, or in place of the guilty. Neither the individual nor the community can create a law against this."  Bishop von Preysing had gone on record early about his opinions on the Nazis, having declared "We have fallen into the hands of criminals and fools" when they came to power, and in 1940 he'd ordered that prayers be said throughout his diocese for arrested Lutheran ministers.  He'd later go on to decry the German Communist postwar who declared that he was an "agent" of "American Imperialism".  He died in 1950.

Saturday, February 24, 1923. No to the World Court

President Harding sent a message to the Senate asking for it to grant him authority to join the World Court. The Senate instead chose not to vote on the matter.

916 America, a minor planet orbiting the Sun in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, acquired that name after the Council of Astronomers at Pulkovo Observatory in the Soviet Union decided to commemorate "the friendly relations of the astronomical observatories and astronomers".

The asteroid has a diameter of  33.2±1.3 km, with an absolute magnitude of 11.20 and an albedo of 0.053±0.004.

Fred Steiner, composer of the Star Trek, Hogan's Heroes and Gunsmoke theme songs, was born in New York.

The following letter was issued by the Department of the Interior to "All Indians".

Thursday, February 22, 1923. Aircraft carrier milestone.

Life came out with a cover illustration of a female skiier.

The first aircraft landing on a purpose built aircraft carrier, the Imperial Japanese Navy carrier Hōshō,

The aircraft were Mitsubishi IMF's, which were British designed, and the pilot was a British pilot, showing the then ongoing cooperation between the United Kingdom and Imperial Japan, something that predated the Russo Japanese War.  Japan had been, of course, an Allied Power in the Great War.

In the Territory of Alaska, the Seward newspaper warned of Soviet intents.

Sunday, February 21, 1943. Marines land on the Russells.

Marines land on Mbanka and Pavuuvu in the Solomons, near Guadalcanal.  Contrary to expectation, the Japanese had withdrawn.

Together, the islands are known as the Russell Islands.

The day prior, which I failed to mention, Rockwell's Freedom of Speech was a feature of The Saturday Evening Post, along with an article on the magazine upon that freedom.

Saturday, February 20, 1943. Paricutin erupts.

A volcano broke through the surface of Dionisio Pulido's cornfield, ultimately obtaining a height of 1,000 feet before it quite erupting in 1952.

American movie executives determined to allow the Office of War Information to censor American movies.

The Saturday Evening Post went to the stands with a dramatic illustration of American troops, it's unclear if they're in the Army or the Marines, wearing the frog pattern camouflage of the era entitled "Night Attack".

Saturday, February 17, 1923. Indianization

The Country Gentleman ran a J. F. Kernan illustration depicting, I guess, an example of homey music.  I have to wonder what the Scrapbook of Fakery related.

The Saturday Evening Post had a Cole Philliips illustration.

The British government, under increasing pressure from Indian independence movements, announced its Eight Unit Scheme of Indianiszation of the Indian Army, under which those units were to be moved towards being under the command of King's Commissioned Indian Officers.

The British Indian Army is a really confusing topic.  It was very large, under British control, but administered fairly separately from the regular British Army.  This could lead to conflicts.  For example, during World War One the eastern part of the Middle East was a zone for the Indian Army, which pursued a somewhat different goal from the British Army out of Cairo.

Today In Wyoming's History: February 17: The Legislature was also set to come home, something that every citizen holds their breath for . . .
1923  Seventeenth state legislature adjourns.