Fanny Kaplan shoots V. I. Lenin

Fanny Kaplan (Fanya Yefimovna Kaplan (Фа́нни Ефи́мовна Капла́н; real name Feiga Haimovna Roytblat, Фейга Хаимовна Ройтблат, an anarchist member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, shot V. I. Lenin, red menace, as he emerged from a factory.

 Kaplan

Kaplan hit Lenin twice and, while he was severely wounded, he survived (rather obviously).  She was executed on September 3.

Kaplan was a pretty damaged person by 1918, having served a prison sentence for a terrorist plot some years earlier, during which she was beaten. She suffered from partial loss of sight and debilitating headaches.  Some doubt that she actually was the would be assassin and was, instead, simply framed for the attack.  If she did do it, it was because the Socialist Revolutionaries, though they were divided into left and right camps, had taken more seats in the 1917 election than the Communist had and were essentially deposed.

Mid Week At Work: Today In Wyoming's History: August 29, 1870. Mt. Washburn ascended.

From Our Companion Blog, Today In Wyoming's History:

Today In Wyoming's History: August 29:  1870  Mount Washburn in Yellowstone National Park ascended for the first time by members of the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition.   The scientific/topographic expedition was under a military escort lead by U.S. Army Cavalry officer, Lt. Gustavus Cheyney Doane, who made this report:

The view from the summit is beyond all adequate description.  Looking northward from the base of the mountain the great plateau  stretches away to the front and left with its innumerable groves and  sparkling waters, a variegated landscape of surpassing beauty, bounded  on its extreme verge by the cañons of the Yellowstone. The pure  atmosphere of this lofty region causes every outline of tree, rock or lakelet to be visible with wonderful distinctness, and objects twenty  miles away appear as if very near at hand. Still further to the left the snowy ranges on the headwaters of Gardiner's river stretch away to the  westward, joining those on the head of the Gallatin, and forming, with  the Elephant's Back, a continuous chain, bending constantly to the  south, the rim of the Yellowstone Basin. On the verge of the horizon  appear, like mole hills in the distance, and far below, the white  summits above the Gallatin Valley. These never thaw during the summer  months, though several thousand feet lower than where we now stand upon  the bare granite and no snow visible near, save n the depths of shaded  ravines. Beyond the plateau to the right front is the deep valley of the East Fork bearing away eastward, and still beyond, ragged volcanic  peaks, heaped in inextricable confusion, as far as the limit of vision  extends. On the east, close beneath our feet, yawns the immense gulf of  the Grand Cañon, cutting away the bases of two mountains in forcing a  passage through the range. Its yellow walls divide the landscape nearly  in a straight line to the junction of Warm Spring Creek below. The  ragged edges of the chasm are from two hundred to five hundred yards  apart, its depth so profound that the river bed is no where visible. No  sound reaches the ear from the bottom of the abyss; the sun's rays are  reflected on the further wall and then lost in the darkness below. The  mind struggles and then falls back upon itself despairing in the effort  to grasp by a single thought the idea of its immensity. Beyond, a gentle declivity, sloping from the summit of the broken range, extends to the  limit of vision, a wilderness of unbroken pine forest.

William Henry Jackson on Mount Washburn a few years later.

If reading this description, and looking at this photo, makes you think that this work was considerably more exciting, interesting and valuable than your own today. . . well it probably indeed really was.

More news from the border, Noyon falls to the French, mule reunion, and twenty personal questions. The News. August 29, 1918.

Sniping was still going on, but I don't know if this ultimatum was delivered or not.  It may have been.

The Casper paper was also reportign that Gen. Cabell had issued an ultimatum.

As usual, the Laramie Boomerang was less dramatic about things.  But there was disturbing news about new "sin taxes".

The Wyoming State Tribune lead with the fall of Noyon to the French, as did every other paper.  But it also had a touching story on an equine reunion and discussed the twenty personal questions new draftees would be asked.  Along with a story on the events in Nogales.

Speed Goat: Local beer makes good. . . really good.

Casper Brewery Advertisement from 1914, the year the brewery commenced operations.

When I was a kid, it was sort of a matter of local trivia to know that there had once been a local brewery.  Hillcrest Brewery, to be precise.

Now, admittedly, it wasn't the world's greatest trivia question, but it was surprising to us.  A brewery here in town?  Outlandish.  What made it such an odd trivia question was the mere thought that there had once been a local brewery.  In the age of Budweiser, Coors, Olympia, and Millers, what an wild thought.  Local breweries?  Eee gads.

I really don't know the history of Hillcrest even now and I've seen different stories about that.  At least one beer website claims that it started brewing beer in 1914 and that it stopped operations in 1930. If that's true, it only really brewed beer from 1914 to 1919, as that's the year that the Volstead Act went into effect and brewing, except under some exceptions, would have ceased.  There's still a Hillcrest water company here that bottles water from a spring on Casper Mountain, so maybe there's some connection there.

Of course, if that is correct, it sadly went out of business just two years before brewing could have started up again.  But by then, the Depression was on in force.

But I don't think that is correct and a website with more detail fits more into what I thought was the case.  It claims that The Casper Brewing Company was closed for the entirety of Prohibition, which makes sense, but that it resumed operations in 1934, when beer was once allowed as the repeal of Prohibition allowed for stepped in resumption of the consumption of alcohol.  According to that source, it operated again from 1934 until 1944, and the had to shut down due to wartime shortages, but then started back up after the war only to close back down in 1948.  I suspect that's correct.

 Old Hillcrest beer bottles.  This was last up in 2016 in a thread that noted that a local brewery was going to open up. So far as I know, it still hasn't, so I wonder if something happened to that plan. Be that as it may, a brewpub will open up soon locally in the former of the Gurner Brothers Brewery, to be located in the old Petroleum Club building.  Anyhow, this is a display at the veterans museum at the Natrona County International Airport which, if correct, would place Hillcrest as a beer still being consumed locally in the 1940s, and indeed one of the few sources I can find would have Casper Brewing Company operating from 1914 to 1919, and then from 1934 to 1944, and then again from about 45 or 46 until 1948.

Apparently, at least at one time, the big beer, and maybe the only beer, brewed by the Casper Brewing Company was Wyoming Light Lager.   Indeed, from the very onset in 1914 the company announced that this was to be its intended brew.  I don't know if this ever changed, but I would note that the company's beer bottles from the 1940s, if the photo above is illustrative of anything, was by that time simply calling its beer "Hillcrest Lager Beer".  It was probably the same thing, however.

Prior to Prohibition, Wyoming's liquor laws were much different than they are now.  Indeed, alcohol was nearly unregulated.  Hence, the reason you could call the brewery and order a case.

Now that too is interesting, as if that's correct, and it would seem to be, they anticipated by a long margin a bit of a trend, or rather two trends.

Anyhow, in 1948 Casper Brewing apparently closed. By that time, Hillcrest Water, a company supplying water coolers that's still around today, had been operating for over a decade.  I've sometimes wondered if there was a connection between the two, but I don't know.  Anyhow, local brewing went out.  Locally, the big US brands we all know from the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s became the norm.

Wyoming Light Lager was on tap at The Oil Exchange Bar and popcorn for sale at the Smoke House.  I'm not sure where the Oil Exchange Bar was, but it had advertised in the Casper papers since at least 1911.

And then the microbrewery boom hit.  

But not here at first.

I recall when it actually hit.  Cooper Smiths opened in Ft. Collins, a brew pub, when I was an undergraduate at UW. When we'd go down there, we'd often check it out. The beer and foods was good, and even a college student could afford it. 

A real hint that something was about to happen, however, was when a friend of mine and I were in there, seated at the bar, and a guy came in and asked to see the brewer.  The brewer came up from the basement at his request, and the asker identified himself as another brewer from a brewery that was just getting built and he needed some pointers.

The brewery that was getting built was New Belgium, the brewer of Fat Tire and other now well known brews.

Well, over a long expanse of time some Wyoming breweries opened up.  There was Lander Brewing Company in Lander Wyoming, which purports to be a re-opening of another pre-Prohibition Wyoming brewery, and the related Jackson Hole Brewing Company, as well as Jackson's Snake River Brewing. And there's Black Tooth Brewing in Sheridan and there's also Melvin Brewing in Alpine.

And that's not all.

And among the various breweries is Ten Sleep Brewing, in Ten Sleep Wyoming.

And something interesting has happened with it.

All the Wyoming brew pubs have followers, although as noted Casper has been freakishly unable to get a brewery started (there's been several attempts, none have gone anywhere so far).  That's about to change, however, and soon there will be a real brewery here as well.

What is a big surprise is to see a single beer from a microbrewery, Fat Tire notwithstanding, become a regional success and start to crowd out other beers. And Ten Sleep has accomplished that with Speed Goat. 

They discuss Speed Goat on their website as follows:

Speed Goat Golden Ale

Speed Goat is a golden ale loaded with 2-row and C-15 on the malt side and featuring subtle use of Willamette hops for bittering and aroma. Locally produced Bryant Honey from Worland provides a crisp dryness with a slight honey finish. Easy drinking for folks born and raised on lighter fare, the Speed Goat may go fast, just like its namesake

Sounds sort of like Wyoming Light Lager.

I first heard of Speed Goat a few years back when I bought some for a Christmas Party.  One of my brothers in law, it turned out, was quite a fan and everyone at the party really liked it.  It was a big hit.

Recently I noticed that it has started showing up on tap at local restaurants.  I didn't think that much about it, however, as some of the local restaurants will feature microbrews that are local.  Indeed, quite a few of the newer ones do.

But then we had another family gathering and again went to get some growlers of beer.  While there the person who filled the taps noted that they had Speed Goat which they can't keep around long. Apparently people call in to find out when a shipment is coming in and it clears out nearly immediately.

Now that was a surprise.

And since then I've found that not only is that the case in regard to the example noted, but there's a real local following  And just the other day I saw a sign one one of the real old time local bars, a real  neighborhood bar, which said "Proudly serving Speed Goat".

Now that's a huge surprise.  One of the real, old time, neighborhood bars with a local microbrew on tap.  That I would not have expected at all.

Riots at the Democratic Convention. August 28, 1968.

On this day the Democratic Convention in Chicago nominated Hubert Humphrey for President.  The event was overshadowed, however, by riots that occurred on the same day.

Following the liberal Humphrey's nomination, protesters, who had been in Chicago all week, head towards the convention in protest, supporting even more liberal Eugene McCarthy.  Opposition to the war in Vietnam was the source of their motivation.  On the way, they were met by Chicago police, armed with clubs.

In what has sometimes a "Police Riot", the confrontation quickly turned violent leaving an enduring American memory of the disaster of 1968, given as it was televised.

The Battle of Ambos Nogales hits the Papers

The battle was fought yesterday, August 27, late in the afternoon.  It was on the front page the next day:

The reporting was, of course, initial, and not entirely accurate.

And in the case of the Cheyenne paper, racist epitaphs were used as well.

Of course, the Great War still predominated. But Mexico was back on the front page for the 28th.

Depot Brigade, Camp Custer, Michigan. August 28, 1918.

Blog Mirror: Beanies, Brooms and Bother: UW Freshmen Get the Initiation Treatment (and Lex Anteinternet: Freshman Caps? The Wyoming Student, November 2, 1917.)

November of last year (no doubt the result of mining newspapers for entries on World War One and the ongoing crisis with Mexico), I posted this item from the Wyoming Student (today's Branding Iron) regarding Freshman Beanies:

Freshman Caps? The Wyoming Student, November 2, 1917

As noted, I was amazed as I'd never heard of UW having Freshman beanies.  

In trying to look those up, I ended up quoting from materials about other universities as I really couldn't find much in regards to the University of Wyoming and Freshman Beanies.

Well now the American Heritage Center in Laramie has run this item:

Beanies, Brooms and Bother: UW Freshmen Get the Initiation Treatment

That article reveals that at least as late as 1967 UW freshmen still wore beanies. Apparently they wore them, at that time, from the start of school until the first home football game.  The story further reveals:

After the UW Cowboys scored their first touchdown, the students threw their beanies in the air and never had to wear them again. The tradition of beanies apparently goes back to 1908 when male students had to wear green caps and women green stockings. During the 1920s, freshmen had to wear the beanies until Homecoming.

Weird.

And that would have been trouble for me.  I went to the University of Wyoming for a grand total of six years, three as an undergraduate and three as a law student, and I never once saw a UW football game.  I guess I would have, had I gone then, as getting rid of the beanie would really have been a goal.

All that's a form of hazing, of course, but fairly gentle hazing.  It seems absurd now, but almost every outfit that's tight knit in some fashion has rituals of that type, whether it be getting to wear your soft cap in basic training or getting to ditch your beanie at university.  A ritual of belonging.

Now all that has gone away, it seems.  And frankly I wouldn't have lamented the beanie one darned bit.  I'd have hated that.  Of course, in the 1960s I would have been unlikely to endure that as Casper College opened up in the 1940s and I'd have been more likely to have gone there.  Indeed, just knowing myself, if I'd been a high school graduate in 1961, instead of 1981, I'd like have attended CC until 1963 and then graduated with an undergraduate degree in 65 or 66 and in 67. . . I'd have probably been in Vietnam.  A sobering though.

Anyhow, just pondering it, these rituals are gone.  In their place, but only tangentially, are mandatory classes on diversity in the broadest sense.  Changed times, to be sure.

The American Heritage Center article also discusses the hill at UW with a big W on it.  Apparently a custom of white washing the big W started in 1917, but it's long died out as well.  The W can still be seen if you know where to look for it.  The article features a photo from 1953 of the white washing, which is interesting in that its two male students directing two female students in the activity. . .hmmmm.

Casper College also had a hill with a C on it, called appropriately enough "C Hill". The C is long gone.

Well, it's fall, and the students head back.

No doubt true, but hard to avoid this year.

It's been really smokey.

Where There’s Fire, There’s Smoke and it’s Bad for your Health

In Memoriam. John McCain

Governor Matthew H. Mead, pursuant to President Donald Trump's Proclamation issued today, has ordered both the U.S. and State of Wyoming flag be flown at half-staff statewide for Senator John McCain immediately until sunset on the day of his interment. “I join the many people across the United States and throughout the world in mourning the loss of Senator John McCain,” said Governor Matt Mead. “He demonstrated unparalleled loyalty to our country. He was a dedicated public servant. He was an American hero. We will miss him.”

Back on the Border: Battle of Ambos Nogales. August 27, 1918

 Nogales in 1899.

On this day elements of the 35th Infantry Regiment and the 10th Cavalry Regiment engaged Mexican Mexican forces at Nogales on the Mexican border.

The entire thing came about basically by accident, and ongoing border tension.

On this day at about 4:10 in the afternoon Mexican carpenter Zeferino Gil Lamadrid attempted to cross the border back into the Mexican side of Ambos Nogales.  The town was, and is, on both sides of the border in Arizona and Sonora respectively.  He was carrying a bulky parcel and was stopped ordered to stop for inspection.  A Mexican customs agent countermanded the order as he had actually crossed into Mexico by that time.  Gil Lamadrid became confused by the competing orders and the ensuing argument. 

 Border guards.  U.S. soldiers on left, well armed but poorly outfitted Mexican soldier on the right.

At this point, a Pvt. William Klint of the 35th U.S. Infantry attempted to cause Gil Lamadrid to return to the U.S. side of the border by brandishing his rifle which he then fired for an unknown reason.  Gil Lamadrid dropped to the ground for protection and Mexican Customs officer Francisco Gallegos returned fire killing Klint.  U.S. Customs Inspector Arthur G. Barber then drew his revolver and opned up, killing Gallegos and Mexican Customs Officer Andres Cecena.  Gil Lamadrid fled in the confusion (he'd be killed in a bar altercation many years later).

Mexican civilians, alerted to something going on due to the gunfire, armed themselves and rushed to join Mexican soldiers who likewise had started engaging under the assumption something was going on.  Perhaps fortunately most of the Mexican Federal soldiers (i.e., the soldiers of the now officially recognized Carranza government) were out of the town at the time fighting rebel soldiers loyal to the governor of Sonora, Plutarco Calles, who would later rise to the be Mexican president himself, and found the PRI Party, and whose hostility to Mexican Catholicism resulted in the Cristero War.  Calles rather obviously was always a controversial figure and that was already proving to be the case in Sonora.

For this reason, the majority of the Mexican combatants were civilians.  On the U.S. side, however, the combatants were soldiers, first of the 35th Infantry and then of the 10th Cavalry.

Soon thereafter Mexican forces joined in the gunfight, on the probable assumption that a battle was up and rolling.  The 35th Infantry at the start of the battle called on the 10th Cavalry for assistance which shortly arrived under the command of Lt. Col. Frederick Herman, who ordered an assault across the border to seize hills overlooking the town.  Those hills were the site of trenches and machinegun emplacements which had been put in several weeks earlier and Herman wanted to occupy them before Mexican forces did.  Mexican combatants in turn rushed the home of Gen. Alvaro Obergon, the Mexican revolutionary hero, who was absent, but whose house made a good fortress due to its stone walls.  In an irony typical of this battle his terrified family was escorted to the safety of the U.S. side by the U.S. Consul in Nogales.

Following this, and under fire, U.S. infantry and dismounted cavalry fought through the town with the 10th Cavalry, a regular U.S. unit comprised of all black enlisted soldiers, taking the red light district of the town where, in another irony, they were met with relief on the part of the town's Mexican working girls who soon went to work as impromptu nurses.  They were joined by American civilians in the same effort with both attending the wounded of both sides.  American civilians also became involved in the combat by firing from houses on the American side of Nogales which proved to be a hindrance to the U.S. Army.

A cease fire was upon when the Mayor of Nogales, Sonora, Felix B. Peñaloza, took a white handkerchief, tied it to his cane and ran into the streets of his city in a brave effort to stop the fighting.  He was in turn shot by a round fired from the American side, and did thirty minutes later.   This panicked, justifiably, Mexican town officials and the Mexican Consul in the American Nogales who caused a white flag to be raised over the custom house.  Snipers on both sides continued to fire for some time, but the battle basically concluded at that point.  Mexican civilians began to evacuate the town out of a fear of further violence.  The border remained closed the following day.

Both governments dispatched representatives to learn what happened.  Calles represented the Mexican government and Gen. DeRosey Cabell, a veteran of the Punitive Expedition, represented the U.S.   Both government expressed regrets about the incident.  Sniper fire continued to come from the Mexican side for some days during this process with the Mexican government maintained that they could not control, but the Mexican government did make an effort to seize civilian arms in Nogales.  The border reopened, but one further American soldier was killed by rifle fire from the Mexican side and a Mexican soldier killed by an American soldier in reprisal before the violence ceased.  By the time this occurred, four U.S. soldiers had died and twelve American civilians, while about thirty Mexican soldiers and one-hundred Mexican civilians had lost their lives.

American participants in the battle persistently maintained that German military men, in uniform, were present at the battle, but there is little evidence of that.  Their insistence was based on first hand observation, so it cannot be entirely discounted, and it is correct that a German officer was in fact killed in an earlier battle skirmish of this type.  However, while it is not impossible, this battle featured a lopsided proportion of Mexican civilians on the Mexican side, which partially explains why the Mexican causalities were predominantly civilians and why the Mexican effort fared fairly poorly in spite of being dedicated in nature.

In a final irony, Gen. Cabell recommended that a border fence be placed on the border through the town and for a distance of two miles.  His recommendation was followed and it was the first such border fence placed on the U.S-Mexican border.  A fence remains in place in the town today.

So, oddly, this forgotten battle is not only a tragedy, overshadowed by the greater tragedy of World War One, it remains oddly contemporary. 

Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky. August 26, 1918.

Base Hospital.

Field Artillery Officers Training School.

Scene at Divisional Headquarters.

The 100 Days Offensive: Arras

On this day in 1918 the British Commonwealth forces expanded the Second Battle of the Somme with a Canadian night attack at Arras.  All four Canadian divisions would participate in the assault which would carry through until September 3.

The 1968 Democratic Convention opened in Chicago. . .

on this day in that year.

It was to be a confrontational one, to say the least.

Sunday Morning Scene: Churches of the West: Zion Lutheran Church, Laramie Wyoming

Churches of the West: Zion Lutheran Church, Laramie Wyoming:

This is Zion Lutheran Church in Laramie Wyoming.

Best Posts of the Week of August 19, 2018.

Best Posts of the Week of August 19, 2018.

The Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact Invade Czechoslovakia. August 20, 1968.

The 100 Days: The Second Battle of the Somme commences.

Friday Farming: Prior to Pesticides?

The 2018 Wyoming Election Volume Five: On To The General Election.

Poster Saturday: Their places must be filled.

Third Battalion 13th Regiment Heavy Field Artillery, Fourth Division, U.S. Army, in rest camp on hillside near Andelot. 155-mm. guns can be seen in the foreground almost hidden by camouflage and harness. Andelot, Ste. Marne, France. August 25, 1918.

ENDOW Study Released

And here it is:

The ENDOW Study.

I haven't read it yet.

If you have, what's your opinion?

Friday Farming: Prior to Pesticides?

The Boll Weevil Monument in Enterprise Alabama.  This is the world's only monument to an agricultural pest, and was erected as the bug was such a problem it forced agricultural and economic diversification in the area, for which the residents were later grateful, as the area couldn't rely on cotton due to the bug.

I was thinking of Brussels Sprouts the other day.

I grew Brussels Sprouts one summer.  I didn't get to eat any.

At the time, I was trying to do a garden without pesticides.  It turned into a real battle. The bugs ate all of my Brussels Sprouts.  Combating insects turned into a losing contest and in the end, I resorted back to the sort of garden pesticide you use to dust crops.

Which caused me to ponder this question.

People grew Brussels Sprouts before pesticides became widespread mid 20th Century.

What did they do about the bugs?

The 100 Days Offensive: The Battle of Albert concludes

On this day in 1918 the Battle of Albert, part of the Second Battle of the Somme, concluded with the Anglo American capture of Albert and Arras.

The battle, the third by that name, was part of the Battle of Bapaume.

I became so preoccupied with the 2018 Primary Election that I neglected to say much about the 1918 one. . .

which of course took place on the same Tuesday on the calendar.

So what was going on?

Well, the following Casper newspaper from 1918 gives us a bit of a clue:

The Casper Daily Tribune for August 21, 1918, which also noted the results of the prior day's primary election.

 

I ran this on one of the 100 Days threads, but it's a report of the election results and give us a look at what was going on.

 

The sitting governor was Democrat Frank Houx.  Houx had been elected to Secretary of State, not Governor, but took over when Democrat John B. Kendrick was elected to the Senate on a rare wave of Democratic good fortune in the state.  Kendrick was the Governor at the time, so he had to resign, and Houx then stepped in, as per the Wyoming constitution.

Houx was an unusual personality.  He had studied law but had not completed his studies, taking up business pursuits instead.  He was Missouri born and his father had served in the Confederate army during the Civil War.  Indeed, Houx was related to General Sterling Price.  He'd come west to take up ranching in Montana and was headquartered out of Cody.

Houx was dedicated to his job but very much fit into the Democratic mold of the time.  He was very much for Wilson's efforts in the war, as almost everyone was during the war, and a strong backer of the Prohibition movement.  He was running for Governor for the first time.

Against him was Robert D. Carey, the Wyoming born son of the popular if sometimes controversial Joseph M. Carey.  Robert was well educated and was a rancher and banker in Cheyenne.

The Casper paper was reporting that Houx had received a serious challenge from "Osborne", whom I think was former Democratic Governor John E. Osborne.  Osborne had recently resigned from a position in the Wilson administration and had returned to Wyoming and apparently took a run at the Governor's office again.

I suppose its a mere conincidence that our local, but Cheyenne published newspaper has been really late for home delivery for the second time in a week. . . .

and that apparently hardly any issues made it to the grocery store where I bought a copy, as mine was so late, last Sunday.

Yes, I'm sure the 140 mile morning trip following publication isn't impacting anything.

Hmmm. . . .

Mid Week At Work: "The personnel of General Pershing's special train, which is under the direction of the Q.M.C. / Signal Corps U.S.A. August 22, 1918."

"Left to right: Rear row: Pvt. l/c H.C. Cullars, Pvts. J.S. Banks, E.A. Smith, T.J. Cooksey, Sgt. Paul Ackwith, Adjt. R.P. Fenelon, (French Army) Sgt. 1/c Roy Wilson, Pvt. C.C. Guiral, Bugler H.C. Trobee. Front row: Sgt. C.C. Crosby, Pvt. l/c S.V. Wiley, Pvt. J.P. Bascou, Cook C.W. Brissett, Cpl. T.A. Johns, Pvt. l/c C.F. Atz, Civilian Cook G. Parrand, Pvt. A. Reed, Captain Earl L. Thornton, Q.M.C. in charge."

The 100 Days: The Second Battle of the Somme commences.

The Casper Daily Tribune for August 21, 1918, which also noted the results of the prior day's primary election.

On this day in 1918, the British resumed advancing, after having halted to regroup and reorganize.

New Zealnders during the Battle of Bapaume in a scene that could easily be mistaken for one from the Second World War.

The offensive resumed with a New Zealand assault at Bapaume, part of the Second Battle of the Somme, in what is known as the Second Battle of Bapaume.  The first day's assault was successful but the following day was slow, which was to characterize the overall progress in the region over the next several days. The Kiwis were continually on the assault, but the battle did not feature the breakthroughs seen earlier in the 100 Days Offensive.  The effort lasted through September 3, with the town being taken on September 29.  That was only a phase of the massive large scale offensive, however.

Bapaume on August 30, 1918.

The town of Albert was taken during the resumed offensive on its second day, August 22.  The British forces expanded the assault thereafter with what is referred to as the Second Battle of Arras on August 26.  Bapaume was taken by the Kiwis on August 29.  The Australians crossed the Somme on August 31 and then fought the Germans and broke through their lines at Battle of Mont S. Quentin and the Battle of Peronne.  Australian advances between August 31 and September 4 were regarded by General Henry Rawlinson as the greatest military achievement of the war.

British Whippet tank, August 1918.

The Canadians Corps seized control of the western edge of the Hindenburg Line on September 2, with British forces participating.  Following this came the famous Battle of St. Quentin Canal which would feature all of the Anglo American forces under Australian General John Monash.  Cambrai would follow that.

Laramie Boomerang for August 21, 1918, also noting that Carey and Houx were advancing to the general election.

Things were clearly starting to fold in for the Germans.

The New York Herald, August 21, 1918.

Nicolae Ceaușescu denounces the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, August 21, 2018.

The Communist leader of Romania, Nicolae Ceaușescu, delivered a speech in support of the Czech government and against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.

We remember Ceaușescu for his bloody demise in the Romanian uprising in 1989.  Ironically, if he had been able to read the tea leaves better, he might be remembered for this, his statement in favor of Romania and against the USSR, a brave thing to do under the circumstances, in 1968.

German prisoners bringing in wounded soldiers and captured machine guns during the third Battle of the Albert, near Courcelles, France, August 21, 1918

First Development Battalion, Camp Sevier, South Carolina. August 21, 1918.